大鼠实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎模型

目的 :建立大鼠实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎 (EAU)模型 ,为探讨人类葡萄膜炎的发病机制奠定基础。方法 :18只Wistar大鼠用 3只不同剂量牛视网膜可溶性抗原 (S Ag)免疫后 ,每日扩瞳进行EAU临床观察 ;当大鼠出现中度以上EAU临床表现时处死、其他大鼠第 3～ 4w时处死后眼球摘除 ,行组织学观察。结果 :3组不同剂量S Ag免疫大鼠EAU发病率分别为 :10 0 μgS Ag组 6只大鼠 (12只眼 )为 2 12、2 0 0 μgS Ag组 6只大鼠 (12只眼 )为 6 12、30 0 μgS Ag组 6只大鼠 (12只眼 )为8 12 ;组织学炎症评分分别为 :0、16 76± 11 0 2、17 5 6± 9 96。结论 :使用中等纯度的S Ag ,以及中等敏感度的Wistar大鼠 ,可成功诱发出EAU模型     

Comparative in vitro activity of Ro 40-6890, Ro 41-3399, and other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria

The in vitro activity of the ester Ro 41-3399 and its free active acid Ro 40-6890 was tested against 189 strains of anaerobic bacteria in comparison to other oral cephalosporins and to antimicrobial agents established in the treatment of anaerobic infections.Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium andClostridium spp. were susceptible to Ro 40-6890, with few exceptions. Due to its lack of activity against the major pathogens of theBacteroides fragilis group, Ro 40-6890 does not promise to be of major use in the treatment of infections caused by anaerobes.     

Coincidence of hereditary angioedema (HAE) with Crohn's disease

A patient with two diseases, based presumably on different immunopathological mechanisms, hereditary angioedema (HAE) and Crohn's disease, was followed for 8 years. For more than three years of this observation period, detailed laboratory data were also available and could be analyzed. Both diseases had severe courses requiring chronic treatment with danazol and sulfasalazine, respectively. During exacerbation of Crohn's disease, the levels of C4 was found to be significantly lower than during the periods free of symptoms of both diseases. This drop was probably due to an impaired C1-inhibitor activity. HAE attacks and acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease never occurred simultaneously. This finding may be a mere chance but may also indicate that the different immunopathological processes underlying HAE and Crohn's disease influence each other.     

Cytosine deaminase versus thymidine kinase: a comparison of the antitumor activity

The efficacy of single and combination suicide gene therapy was evaluated using a Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir system and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine system on the rat prostate tumor cell line R3327 AT-1. The wild-type R3327 AT-1 cell line was transfected with a bifunctional fusion gene CDglyTK, which had the advantage that the resulting R3327 AT-1/CDglyTK cell line has the same amount of cytosine deaminase and thymidine kinase molecules. The percentage of viable R3327 AT-1/CDglyTK cells after 96 h incubation with 0.1 micro g/ml ganciclovir or 10 micro g/ml 5-fluorocytosine were 85% and 52% of controls, respectively. The cell viability when both suicide genes systems were activated was 43%. For in vivo analysis, Copenhagen rats were injected subcutaneously with R3327 AT-1 or R3327 AT-1/CDglyTK cells and treated with 30 mg/kg ganciclovir, 500 mg/kg 5-fluorocytosine, or both prodrugs together. A survival of 83% with the thymidine kinase/ganciclovir and 57% with the CD/5-FC could be observed. Only co-administration of thymidine kinase- and cytosine deaminase-specific prodrugs resulted in a 100% recurrence-free survival of the Copenhagen rats with a Dunning R3327 AT-1/CDglyTK prostate tumor and showed an additive cytotoxic effect. Calculation of the degree of activation and the potential of activation can be used to predict the success of a suicide gene therapy. In our case, the cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine system had a low degree of activation (value 40), which is also found in the low response to 5- fluorocytosine in vivo (57% tumor free).     

FN-C1q and C1 INH C1r-C1s complexes as indicators of complement activation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

We have previously found low levels of C1 and C4 INH in the sera of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients. Hypocomplementaemia was supposed to be the consequence of a permanent activation of the classical pathway. We have compared the levels of C1 INH-C1rC1s and C1q-FN complexes in the sera of 95 CLL patients and 100 healthy controls, because these complexes are known to be formed in the early stage of classical pathway activation. A significant increase in the level of both types of complexes was found in sera of CLL patients as compared to the controls. These findings support the assumption that the classical complement pathway is activated in the patients with CLL.     

Cord blood IgE. III. Prediction of IgE high-response and allergy

Screening of total IgE in 2814 cord blood samples was analysed by Phadebas IgE PRIST in 2 1-year birth cohorts (1983–1984 and 1985–1986) in Denmark (n= 1189 + 1625). For follow-up we chose all infants with cord blood IgE≥0.5 kU/1 and a randomly chosen group of the same size with cord blood IgE < 0.5 kU/1. A total group of 762 infants were clinically evaluated at 18 months of age, and in 688 of these we evaluated total and specific IgE. A diagnosis of definite atopy, probable atopy or no atopy was established. In the present study we defined allergic disease as atopic disease combined with elevated total IgE. We found a statistically significant correlation between cord blood IgE and IgE at 18 months of age. Significantly more infants with elevated cord blood IgE had developed allergic disease at 18 months. A cut-off value of 0.3 kU/1 for cord blood IgE was superior to the originally suggested 0.5 kU/1. Significantly more infants with elevated cord blood IgE had developed specific IgE antibodies at 18 months. The most frequent specific IgE antibody was towards cow's milk. Specific IgE antibodies were very rarely found when total IgE was not elevated. A total IgE at the age of 18 months > 26 kU/1 could be regarded as elevated. With regard to allergic disease the positive predictive values of cord blood lgE≥0.3 kU/1 in the 2 series were 21 % and the corresponding sensitivities 67% and 46%, respectively. The risk of developing allergic disease was elevated with a factor 3 to 4 when cord blood IgE ≥ 0.3 kU/1. In a high-risk group based on atopic predisposition and elevated eord blood IgE ≥0.5 kU/1 the relative risk of allergic disease was 5, the predictive value of positive test 38%, the sensitivity 24% and the specificity 96%. Clinical aspects Cord blood IgE was a good predictor of allergic disease at the age of 18 months. A cord blood cut-off IgE value of 0.3 kU/l was superior to other cord blood IgE values with the Phadebas IgE PRIST method.     

Investigation of an outbreak of antibiotic-associated colitis by various typing methods.

During an outbreak of diarrheal disease due to Clostridium difficile in a surgical ward, 16 C. difficile isolates were cultured from fecal samples of 15 patients. Agarose gel electrophoresis for the detection of plasmid DNA, crossed immunoelectrophoresis for the detection of extracellular antigens and toxins, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for analyses of soluble proteins, assays for cytotoxicity, and a comparison of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents were employed. At least 12 of the 16 isolates were shown to be phenotypically the same strain. These findings suggest that in a hospital setting, diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. difficile can be of nosocomial origin and that they can spread from patient to patient.     

加快医疗保险和医药卫生体制三项改革步伐——在国务院联合督查组西北片座谈会上的讲话(摘要)

总结了西北各省、区医疗保险和医药卫生体制三项改革的进展情况,分析了目前存在的问题:各地改革发展不平衡,有的尚存在观望等待思想和畏难情绪;有的缺乏符合本地实际的可操作性实施方案;有的有关管理机构和人员尚未完全到位;宣传教育广度、深度不够;改革进程与中央要求及上报计划完成目标尚有一定差距。对今后工作提出几点意见:进一步解放思想,提高认识,更新观念;加强对文件的学习、宣传和培训;深入调研,制定符合本地实际情况,具有操作性配套政策和实施方案;抓点带面,搞好试点,总结经验,积极推广;加强部门协调,团结协作,同步推进“三项”改革;加强领导,加快工作进度。     

Cyclical use of tamoxifen and high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in advanced estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Summary One-hundred and seventy patients with estrogen receptor positive (10 pmol/g protein) advanced breast cancer have been treated in a prospective randomized study either with continuous tamoxifen 30 mg × 1 daily (TAM), or with TAM 30 mg × 1 daily for 8 weeks alternating with medroxyprogesterone acetate 500 mg × 2 daily for 8 weeks (TAM/HD-MPA). The response rate was 62% in the group treated with cyclic TAM/HD-MPA versus 41% in the TAM alone group (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in duration of remissions or survival.     

伤寒史学研究成果简述

建国以来有关伤寒史学的研究成果表现在相关人物、相关著作、相关事件、学术关系及阶段特征五个方面。前期研究成果 ,尚不足以充分展示伤寒学历史地位和现实意义 ,更无充分依据昭示其未来之发展方向 ,因而有必要继续深入开展伤寒史学研究