Randomized trial of bilateral oophorectomy versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer

A randomized clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy of bilateral oophorectomy with that of tamoxifen at a dose of 10 mg twice daily in premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, and to examine the efficacy of each as a crossover treatment. Initial treatment responses were seen in ten of 27 patients (37%) treated with oophorectomy and seven of 26 patients (27%) treated with tamoxifen. The difference was not statistically significant. Crossover responses were seen in five of 15 patients (33%) treated with oophorectomy, including three responses in ten prior tamoxifen nonresponders; and two of 18 patients (11%) treated with tamoxifen. Time to progression distributions were not significantly different during initial treatment, and no significant differences in survival were noted. Thus, there was no overall disadvantage to the use of tamoxifen as opposed to oophorectomy as initial hormonal therapy, and a failure to respond to tamoxifen did not preclude a response to subsequent oophorectomy. Exploratory data analysis within subsets indicated consistent differential treatment effects in the visceral dominant patients. Of the 16 such patients treated with oophorectomy, eight (50%) experienced objective responses but there were no responses in the 14 patients treated with tamoxifen. In the nine visceral dominant crossover patients who had not responded to initial tamoxifen, three (33%) subsequently responded to oophorectomy. Time to progression distributions within the visceral dominant subset appeared to be better for the patients treated initially with oophorectomy. However, one must be very cautious in drawing conclusions from exploratory subset analyses, especially with the small sample size. Further studies would be required to test any hypothesis of differential organ site responsiveness.     

LHRH-PE40识别结肠癌细胞膜表面蛋白的研究

目的探讨人结肠癌细胞系Lovo及人白血病细胞系Jurket细胞膜表面蛋白能否识别LHRH-PE40及是否存在竞争性抑制。方法将结肠癌细胞系Lovo及白血病细胞系Jurket制备成细胞膜,利用125I标记的LHRH-PE40与两种细胞膜进行放射性配基分析,与LHRH进行竞争结合分析。结果人结肠癌细胞系Lovo的结合竞争符合特异性配基-受体结合、竞争;而白血病细胞系Jurket未见配基-受体特异性结合。其中LHRH-PE40与Lovo细胞的亲和力:Kd=10·6±2·33nmol/L,容量Bmax=345±7·59pmol/mg。结论LHRH是结肠癌免疫治疗的有效靶点,LHRH-PE40对过度表达LHRH受体的结肠癌具有特异性杀伤作用,而对无LHRH表达的肿瘤无杀伤作用,对于药物的临床应用有着指导意义。     

Comparison of antigen expression on normal urothelial cells in tissue section and tissue culture

Antigenic characterization of urothelial cells cultured from normal adult ureter was performed. These cells were cultured using a simplified isolation and culture technique and a commercially available serum-free medium. The cells growing in these cultures had epithelioid morphology and normal quantities of DNA. The antigen expression on these cultured normal urothelial cells was evaluated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies: 5G6.4, AN43, URO-5, anti-keratin and anti-blood group antibodies, and 425 (anti-epidermal growth factor receptor). Lower levels of anti-A and AN43 binding on cultured cells were observed than are seen on urothelial cells in sections of normal ureter, while the binding of anti-blood group H, 5G6.4, and URO-5 was unchanged. Binding of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody 425 was improved if the cells were grown in medium lacking epidermal growth factor. These results confirm the urothelial origin of these cultured urothelial cells but indicate that some antigenic differences between cultured normal urothelial cells and urothelial cells in situ in the normal ureter exist.     

薄层扫描法检测血清、尿中磺胺甲唑和甲氧苄氨嘧啶

本文建立了血清、尿中ＳＭＺ和ＴＭＰ的薄层扫描定性定量检测方法。血清和尿中ＳＭＺ的线性检测范围为４～１２８μｇ／ｍｌ，最小检出浓度为１．６μｇ／ｍｌ；ＴＭＰ的线性检测范围为１～３２μｇ／ｍｌ，最小检出浓度为０．８μｇ／ｍｌ。     

A study of the relationship between ambient lead and blood lead among lead battery workers

 Objective: To examine the relationship between ambient lead levels and blood lead levels and to explore the modifiers of the relationship between ambient lead and blood lead. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two lead battery factories. Blood lead level and ambient lead concentration were measured for each participant concurrently. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic characteristics and occupational history. Design: Biological and personal environmental measurements of 219 lead-exposed workers were analyzed by both simple and multiple linear regression. A regression model was selected for interpretation. Results: A high correlation (r=0.62) between ambient lead (PbA) and blood lead (PbB) was observed. In addition, numerous factors, including age, sex, alcohol consumption, personal hygiene practice and type of lead exposure, were also found to influence blood lead levels. Although PbB was highly correlated with PbA, blood lead level may not be effectively lowered by reducing ambient lead level. Based on the regression coefficients, improvement of hygienic practice was more effective at lowering PbB than reducing ambient lead level. Good hygienic practice may be the preferential way to reduce lead exposure in current conditions. Conclusion: Education of correct work practice may be more important than engineering control in the developing countries to lower blood lead levels in lead battery factories. Received: 28 May 1996/Accepted: 30 August 1996     

Photoinactivation of bladder tumor cells by methylene blue: study of a variety of tumor and normal cells

Human bladder cancer cell lines, J82, Yen-87, Shen-87 and Zoa-88, and murine bladder cancer cell lines, MBT-2 and M1660, were used as target cells for dye-sensitized photoinactivation study in using methylene blue. Normal fibroblast cells, FB-1 and FB8490, were used as control group. The cytoplasmic activity of lactic dehydrogenase, soft agar clonogenic assay, and in vivo tumor growth, survival rate and tumor taking rate with or without photoinactivation were monitored and compared between different cell lines. Efficacy of photoinactivation was time-related and more than 90 per cent of cytotoxicity could be obtained within 60 minutes of illumination. The plateau of cytotoxicity curve could be achieved after staining for 30 minutes by methylene blue under the same illumination time. Normal fibroblasts had the same features with cancer cells. Photoinactivation of tumor cells showed significant inhibition of tumor growth and tumor taking rate in experimental animals. Survival rate was also significantly prolonged in the animals with tumor cells receiving photoinactivation. These results suggest that methylene blue-sensitized photoinactivation may be useful as an adjuvant photochemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer.     

Features of head injury in a developing country--Taiwan (1977-1987)

Certain features of head-injured patients admitted to the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan during the period 1977 to 1987 were reviewed. The most common causes of injury were motorcycle accidents (56.3%) and street accidents with pedestrian injury (29.47%). The age groups with the greatest incidence of injury were aged 16-20 years, 21-25 years, and 25-30 years. The pedestrian group involving the highest incidence of injury was less than 10 years of age. Overall mortality was 17.26%. The injured pedestrian group had the highest mortality (19.1%). Initial clinical assessment was recorded using the Glasgow Coma Scale. Head-injured patients with a GCS less than 8 had a mortality in the injured pedestrian group of 46%, whereas the mortality rate in the motorcycle accident group was 41%. Additional features studied were time of occurrence of injury and pattern of injury. Information gathered from this study would suggest the need to establish a Head Injury Prevention Program in Taiwan. This of course implies major cooperation among the providers of health care delivery, the medical profession, legislators, and the government at all levels.     

有机药物化学中不对称合成手性产率及其随温度变化规律的研究

本文首次用分子力学计算产物或过渡态分子内张力能来估算热力学或动力学,控制不对称合成反应生成的立体异构体的相对比例,并从热力学上推导了这一比例随温度变化公式,而且从实验上得到证明,在有机或药物化学最富有挑战性的领域——不对称合成中具有重要的理论和实际意义。