术中超声导航辅助切除脑动静脉畸形

目的探讨术中实时超声导航在脑动静脉畸形(AVM)外科治疗中的应用价值。方法26例脑AVM显微手术切除术中,使用Aloka SSD 4000型超声检查仪扫描,进行AVM定位、辨别供血动脉和引流静脉;确定血肿与AVM的关系以及血流动力学监测。病变切除后重复超声检查AVM残留与否,并与术后脑血管造影结果对比。结果26例畸形血管团均住实时超声下清晰显示并获得全切除。血肿区为高同声无血流信号;供血动脉与正常血管在血流动力学上有差别;术中超声影像所示的病变全切除为术后血管造影所证实。结论术中实时超声能够对脑AVM进行准确定位,指导皮质切口的设计,并可判定病灶是否全切除.对于术前的MRI、DSA检查起到很有价值的补充作用。     

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of cerebral infarction in tuberculous meningitis: a comparative study.

Cerebral infarction as a complication of tubercular (TB) meningitis is not uncommon, but an adequate comparison of patients with and without stroke has not been carried out. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of cerebral infarction secondary to TB meningitis, and to investigate predictive factors for cerebral infarction in patients with TB meningitis. Patients with TB meningitis were recruited over a period of 56 months. They were divided into two groups, those with and those without stroke. Demographic features and clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological findings were compared between the two groups. We classified strokes into subtypes using neuroimaging findings. Of the 38 patients who were diagnosed with TB meningitis, eight also experienced cerebral infarction. The percentage of cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes that were neutrophils was significantly higher in patients with stroke (68%) than in patients without stroke (31%; p=0.0001). Upon initial CT imaging, meningeal enhancement was found in 11 patients, and of these patients, six experienced stroke. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to other clinical and laboratory features, including demographic features, time between meningitis onset and treatment initiation, peripheral white blood cell count, and cerebrospinal fluid findings. Five of the eight patients who developed stroke had lacunar infarcts. One of the three patients with territorial nonlacunar infarction died due to herniation. When treating patients with TB meningitis, the possibility of cerebral infarction should be considered when patients develop focal neurological signs, meningeal enhancement on a CT scan, and sustained polymorphic cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.     

Fontan conversion with arrhythmia surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Hemodynamic abnormalities and refractory atrial arrhythmias in patients late after the Fontan operation result in significant morbidity and mortality. We reviewed our experience with Fontan conversion and concomitant arrhythmia surgery. METHODS: Between January 1996 and February 2004, 16 patients underwent Fontan conversion and arrhythmia surgery. Mean age at the initial Fontan operation was 5.1+/-3.5 (range: 2-15) years and mean age at Fontan conversion was 17.0+/-5.8 (range: 6-30). The initial Fontan operations were atriopulmonary connections in 14 patients, extracardiac lateral tunnel in 1, and intracardiac lateral tunnel in 1. The types of arrhythmia included atrial flutter in 10 patients and atrial fibrillation in 3. Fontan conversion operation was performed with intracardiac lateral tunnel in 5 patients and extracardiac conduit in 11. Arrhythmia surgery included isthmus cryoablation in 10 patients and right-sided maze in 3. RESULTS: There has been no mortality. At Fontan conversion operation, 7 patients required permanent pacemaker. All patients have improved to New York Heart Association class I or II. With a mean follow-up of 26.9+/-30.6 (range:1-87) months, 16 patients had sinus rhythm, 2 patients had transient atrial flutter which was well controlled, and 2 patients required permanent pacemaker during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Fontan conversion with concomitant arrhythmia surgery and permanent pacemaker placement is safe, improves New York Heart Association functional class, and has a low incidence of recurrent arrhythmias. In most patients, concomitant permanent pacemakers are needed.     

后外侧融合对胸腰椎爆裂型骨折疗效的影响

目的 观察后外侧融合对预防胸腰椎爆裂型骨折短节段固定失败的作用及意义。方法 本组60例胸腰椎爆裂型骨折患者，A组30例均为我院收治患者，B组30例均为外院手术来我院复查的患者。A组行短节段内固定自体髂骨植骨、后外侧融合术；B组仅行短节段内固定，未植骨融合。平均随访16个月，在X线侧位片上测量Cobb角、伤椎后凸角及矢状面指数（SI），临床疗效评价采用下腰痛评分法（low back outcome score，LBOS）。结果 手术前、后两组间Cobb角、伤椎后凸角、SI比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而末次随访时两组间Cobb角、伤椎后凸角、SI比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。LBOS评分A组的优良率为73％（22／30），B组仅为43％（13／30）。结论 后外侧融合是降低内固定失败、减少纠正丢失等并发症的有效措施，只行内固定而不做植骨融合明显增高了并发症的发生率，是不恰当的手术方式。     

三甲安乳丸治疗气滞痰瘀型乳腺小叶增生症189例临床研究

目的:观察三甲安乳丸治疗乳腺小叶增生症(气滞痰瘀型)的疗效.方法:选择乳腺小叶增生症患者378例,随机分治疗组189例,服自制三甲安乳丸,对照组189例,服乳癣消.结果:治疗组治愈62例,好转120例,无效7例,总有效率96.30%;对照组治愈0例,好转124例,无效75例,总有效率65.5%.2组均无不良反应发生.结论:三甲安乳丸治疗乳腺小叶增生症(气滞痰瘀型)疗效肯定.     

单亲大学生心理健康状况及心理问题的教育对策研究

目的针对单亲大学生心理健康问题提供有效的教育对策．方法针对大学新生开展16PF调查并发现单亲大学生的心理问题。结果本次测查共测量被试8302人，删除部分无效量表．实际有效数据为7742人，问卷有效率为93．27％．以一般情况问卷中“是否是单亲家庭子女”回答“是”的．作为单亲大学生的认定标准，检出单亲家庭子女555人，占总人数的7．17%，其中男生占40．0％．女生60．0％．17．5％的单亲出现各种心理问题．调查表明．单亲家庭子女与非单亲家庭子女相比，在乐群性和怀疑性两个因子有显着区别。事实上也表现为与正常大学生心理健康状况的显着差异。结论单亲大学生心理问题表现为：自卑心理、怀旧心理、逆反心理、猜疑心理等等。教育对策：加强社会教育系统、学校教育系统、家庭教育对单亲大学生心理的干预与影响，同时．单亲大学生遗要加强心理健康的自我教育．以多元系统帮助他们形成健全人格。