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101.
It is very unusual for a posterior fossa tumor to present with proptosis. A 24 years old female patient who had a CT Scan proven posterior fossa tumor presented with severe headache, bilateral proptosis and blindness is reported. The rarity of the cause of proptosis and blindness and also the difficulty in reaching at the clinical diagnosis is discussed. 相似文献
102.
103.
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of deep inspiration (DI) on airway caliber in school-age children with asthma. Thirty children with asthma (10 from each group of mild, moderate, and severe persistent asthma as defined by the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) were enrolled, and their results were compared to those obtained in 7 healthy children. Subjects performed a partial expiratory flow volume curve (P) initiated from approximately 70% of vital capacity (VC) followed by a maximal expiratory flow volume (M) maneuver begun from total lung capacity (TLC). The M/P ratio at 30% of the VC (M/P30) was calculated. Specific airway conductance (sGaw) was measured before and immediately after DI, using standard techniques. Differences in M/P30 and sGaw ratios between asthma and control groups were compared with Student's unpaired t-tests. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the effect of DI on M/P30 and sGaw ratios among the various asthma severity groups. The M/P30 ratio (mean +/- 1 SD) was significantly lower in children with moderate and severe persistent asthma (0.73 +/- 0.21 and 0.72 +/- 0.1, respectively) than in healthy controls (1.69 +/- 0.62) (P < 0.05). In mild persistent asthmatics, there was limited bronchodilation (M/P30 = 1.1 +/- 0.35, P = 0.052). There was a significant inverse correlation between M/P30 ratio and severity of asthma (r = -0.684, P < 0.01). The mean sGaw ratio was decreased in asthmatic subjects compared to healthy controls (0.98 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.13 +/- 0.16, P = 0.062). In conclusion, in school-age children, the effects of DI on airway caliber are similar in direction to those observed in adults, i.e., bronchodilation in healthy and mild asthmatics, and bronchoconstriction (BC) in moderate to severe asthmatics. This finding suggests that forces that determine airway caliber in school-age children are similar to those forces in adults. 相似文献
104.
Two cases of Schistosoma haematobium, one in a 10 year old boy who was born in Metema and had never left the area, and another from a Sudaness refugee, are reported. Further investigation is required to verify if S. haematobium has been imported from Sudan or is being transmitted in Metema. 相似文献
105.
Diro E Techane Y Tefera T Assefa Y Kebede T Genetu A Kebede Y Tesfaye A Ergicho B Gebre-Yohannes A Mengistu G Engers H Aseffa A Desjeux P Boelaert M Hailu A 《Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene》2007,101(9):908-914
Three novel diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), namely FD-DAT, rK39 dipstick and KATEX, were evaluated under field conditions using 101 clinical cases suspected of having VL enrolled in a trial either by active (63 patients) or passive (38 patients) surveillance. VL was confirmed in 49 patients: 35 by both aspirate smear microscopy and NNN culture, 10 by NNN culture alone and 4 by aspirate smear microscopy alone. Based on tests performed in the field, sensitivity for FD-DAT, rK39 dipstick and KATEX was determined to be 95.3% (95% CI 82.9-99.2%), 71.7% (95% CI 56.3-83.5%) and 57.4% (95% CI 42.3-71.4%), respectively. Similarly, the specificity was determined to be 62.7% (95% CI 48.1-75.5%), 82.4% (95% CI 68.6-91.1%) and 84.3% (95% CI 70.9-92.5%), respectively. A higher sensitivity of KATEX (73.9% vs. 41.7%) and higher specificity of FD-DAT (100.0% vs. 48.6%) were demonstrated under passive case detection compared with active case detection. FD-DAT is recommended for confirmation of VL diagnosis in hospital settings, whereas its use in the field will be limited to exclude VL in clinical suspects. The sensitivity of KATEX and rK39 dipstick tests needs to be improved to promote their use as first-line diagnostic tests in the field setting of northwestern Ethiopia. 相似文献
106.
Haileab Belachew Yibeltal Assefa Gebisa Guyasa Jember Azanaw Tsegaye Adane Henok Dagne Zemichael Gizaw 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2018,23(1):54
Background
Sick building syndrome (SBS) consists of a group of mucosal, skin, and general symptoms temporally related to residential and office buildings of unclear causes. These symptoms are common in the general population. However, SBS symptoms and their contributing factors are poorly understood, and the community associates it with bad sprits. This community-based cross-sectional study was, therefore, conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of SBS in Gondar town.Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2017. A total of 3405 study subjects were included using multistage and systematic random sampling techniques. A structured questionnaire and observational checklists were used to collect data. SBS was assessed by 24 building-related symptoms and confirmed by five SBS confirmation criteria. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with SBS on the basis of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p?<?0.05. The Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to check model fitness, and variance inflation factor (VIF) was also used to test interactions between variables.Results
The prevalence of SBS in Gondar town was 21.7% (95% CI?=?20.3–23.0%). Of this, the mucosal symptoms account for 64%, the general symptoms account for 54%, and the skin symptoms account for 10%. From study participants who reported SBS symptoms, 44% had more than one symptom. Headache (15.7%), asthma (8.3%), rhinitis (8.0%), and dizziness (7.5%) were the commonest reported symptoms. SBS was significantly associated with fungal growth in the building [AOR?=?1.25, 95% CI?=?(1.05, 1.49)], unclean building [AOR?=?1.26, 95% CI?=?(1.03, 1.55)], houses with no functional windows [AOR?=?1.35, 95% CI?=?(1.12, 1.63)], houses with no fan [AOR?=?1.90, 95% CI?=?(1.22, 2.96)], utilization of charcoal as a cooking energy source [AOR?=?1.40, 95% CI?=?(1.02, 1.91)], cooking inside the living quarters [AOR?=?1.31, 95% CI?=?(1.09, 1.58)], and incensing and joss stick use [AOR?=?1.48, 95% CI?=?(1.23, 1.77)].Conclusion
The prevalence of SBS in Gondar town was high, and significant proportion of the population had more than one SBS symptom. Headache, asthma, rhinitis, and dizziness were the commonest reported SBS symptoms. Fungal growth, cleanliness of the building, availability of functional windows, availability of fan in the living quarters, using charcoal as a cooking energy source, cooking inside the quarters, and incensing habit or joss stick use were identified as factors associated with SBS. Improving the sanitation of the living environment and housekeeping practices of the occupants is useful to minimize the prevalence of SBS.107.
Meseret Delesa Anatea Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen Berihun Assefa Dachew 《BMC international health and human rights》2018,18(1):27
Background
Maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) is still the major public health problem in about 25 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. However, the utilization of intervention strategies, like tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization remains low in these countries. In Ethiopia, only 49% of the pregnant mothers received TT2+ in 2016. This study was designed to evaluate perceptions and factors affecting the utilization of TT immunization among reproductive-age women in Dukem town, Eastern Ethiopia, 2016.Methods
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study from May to October 2016. A simple random sampling method was employed to select samples of 422 women. Data were collected using a, pretested semi-structured and a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. We entered data in to Epi Info version 7 and analyzed them by SPSS version 20 software. Odds ratios and a 95% CI at 0?<?0.05 p-value were calculated to ascertain the significance of associations.Results
Response rate was 98.6% (N?=?416). Mean age with standard deviation was 29.25±?5.11 years, and average family size was 4.19. Our study showed the utilization of TT immunization was 39.2% (N?=?163). Of the participants, 33.9% (N?=?141) had never been vaccinated. ANC follow up service [AOR: 2.56, 95% CI: (1.18, 5.49)], distance from health facilities [AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: (1.27, 4.09)], knowing vaccination date [AOR: 1.98, 95% CI: (1.23, 3.18)], having a TV set in the house [AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: (1.11, 2.917)], maternal education [AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: (1.84, 2.30), and place of delivery [AOR: 1.19, 95% CI: (1.00, 1.43)] were factors significantly associated with the utilization of TT immunization.Conclusions
This study indicated the utilization of TT immunization was low. ANC service follow up, distance from health facilities, knowing vaccination date, having a TV in the house, mothers’ educational status, and place of delivery were significant predictors. Our study suggests that policymakers and other stakeholders should consider the need for increasing access to maternal education, like basic adult education, ANC follow up services, providing accessible health facilities, improving varieties of communication media, promoting female occupational status, and providing appropriate vaccination cards.108.
109.
Background
Cessation of smoking reduces morbidity and mortality related to tobacco smoking. It is essential to explore the intention of individuals to quit smoking to design effective interventions. The objective of this study was to assess cigarette smokers' intention to quit smoking in Dire Dawa town using the Transtheoretical model. 相似文献110.