Hydatid cyst of the pancreas

A rare case of hydatid cyst of the pancreas is reported. Although ultrasonography and computerised tomography scan confirmed the presence of a cystic mass in the body and tail of the pancreas, diagnosis was made only on laparotomy. A distal pancreatectomy was done and the diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the pancreas was confirmed by histopathology. Though very rare, pancreatic hydatidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas in the appropriate epidemiological setting.     

A prospective trial of short‐fractionation radiotherapy for the palliation of liver metastases

The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the effectiveness and tolerability of a simple radiotherapy technique for the palliation of symptomatic liver metastases. Twenty‐eight patients with symptomatic liver metastases were enrolled from seven centres, and received targeted (partial or whole) liver irradiation consisting of 10 Gy in two fractions over 2 days. Symptoms at baseline were hepatic pain (27 patients), abdominal distension (19), night sweats (12), nausea (18) and vomiting (eight). Twenty‐two patients (76%) had failed previous treatment with chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and/or high‐dose steroids. Symptoms and potential toxicities were prospectively assessed at the time of treatment, then 2, 6 and 10 weeks later. Individual symptom response rates were 53?66% at 2 weeks. Partial or complete global symptomatic responses were noted in 15 patients (54%) overall. The treatment was well tolerated with two patients (7%) experiencing grade 3 toxicity (one vomiting and one diarrhoea); however, four patients reported temporary worsening of pain shortly after treatment. This simple and well‐tolerated treatment achieves useful palliation.     

Aberrant crypt focus promotion and glucose intolerance: correlation in the rat across diets differing in fat, n-3 fatty acids and energy

McKeown-Eyssen (Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prevent., 3, 687-695, 1994) and Giovannucci (Cancer Causes Control, 6, 164-179, 1995), noting the striking similarity in lifestyle risk factors for colorectal cancer and insulin resistance, proposed that the hyperinsulinemia, glycemia and hypertriglyceridemia associated with insulin resistance promotes colon cancer. To compare the effect of diet on colon cancer promotion and insulin resistance in the F344 rat, we assessed the effect of fat, n-3 fatty acids and energy in pairwise comparisons on average size of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and on glucose intolerance in the same animals in a single experiment. Diets high in fat and energy increased and diets with increased n-3 fatty acids and calorie restriction decreased both ACF growth and glucose intolerance compared with control diets. The measures of promotion of colon cancer and insulin resistance were strongly correlated (n = 98, r = 0.67, P < 0.001). In addition, both were highly correlated with daily energy intake (r = 0.62 and 0.66) and were also correlated with basal (post-prandial) insulin, glucose and triglycerides (r = 0.31-0.53, P < 0.01). We concluded that ACF growth and glucose intolerance are correlated for a wide range of diets and that increased circulating energy (glucose and triglycerides) may lead to both colon cancer promotion and insulin resistance.      

多非替利衍生物CPU 228(V03)对大鼠心室肌细胞钙瞬变的调节

目的在β-受体激动情况下,研究多非替利衍生物CPU 228对电刺激触发心肌细胞的胞浆Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)变化及钙瞬变动力学参数的影响.方法游离单个大鼠心室肌细胞,Fluo-3/AM负载,电刺激诱发心室肌细胞钙瞬变,定量测定心室肌细胞内Ca2+浓度变化,异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol, ISO)100nmol·L-1激动β-受体,观察CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1对钙瞬变动力学参数、[Ca2+]i及钙负荷水平的影响.结果CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1对大鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i的影响不明显(P>0.05);ISO 100 nmol·L-1显著升高大鼠心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i和细胞内钙负荷水平,缩短钙瞬变时程,并且增加钙瞬变的消除速率.CPU 228 1 μmol·L-1显著抑制ISO的上述作用.结论在β-受体激动情况下,CPU 228可以降低心肌细胞[Ca2+]i,使ISO改变的钙瞬变动力学参数恢复到正常水平.     

乌贼墨对小鼠脾细胞和巨噬细胞NO生成及 IFN-γ分泌水平的影响

目的：探讨乌贼墨对脾细胞和巨噬细胞NO生成及IFN-γ分泌的影响。方法：用Griess法和ELISA法分别检测了经乌贼墨灌胃处理后小鼠脾细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清中NO和IFN-γ的水平的变化。结果：乌贼墨灌胃处理小鼠后的第4、6天脾细胞及腹腔巨噬细胞(Mφ)可产生较高水平的NO；脾细胞可产生较高水平的IFN-γ，并且小鼠脾细胞NO的产生水平与IFN-γ产生水平呈正相关(r=0．98)；用LPS和L-NMMA(NO抑制剂)分别同乌贼墨灌胃第6d小鼠的脾细胞一起培养，结果显示LPS可协同IFN-γ促NO水平升高。L-NMMA可抑制小鼠脾细胞的NO生成。结论：乌贼墨可促进巨噬细胞NO生成；脾细胞NO的产生与IFN-γ分泌水平呈正相关。     

食品级番茄红素对小鼠的免疫调节功能

目的研究番茄红素对免疫系统的调节作用。方法实验小鼠随机分成3组：对照组、低剂量组（10mg／kg）、高剂量组（20mg／kg）。低剂量组、高剂量组分别用色拉油稀释的番茄红素灌胃，对照组用色拉油灌胃。30天后检测小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖程度、NK细胞的杀伤活性、迟发性变态反应的程度、巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果与对照组比较，高剂量组能显著增强脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力，提高自然杀伤细胞的活性和巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增强小鼠的足跖肿胀度（P〈0．05）。除增殖反应外，低剂量组其他指标与对照组比较，差异均无显著性。结论番茄红素具有增强小鼠免疫调节的功能。     

循证病例报告 原发性脑出血患者是否应该进行抗血小板或抗凝治疗？

原发性脑出血伴有血栓危险因素的患者治疗比较棘手，如以下病例：老年男性，55岁，因右侧肢体无力入院。既往患有难治陛高血压、Ⅱ型糖尿病、心绞痛及高脂血症。约10年前右侧肢体曾有一次轻微卒中。入院时所服药物为：阿司匹林75mg，1次／日；阿托伐他汀10mg，1次／日；苄氟噻嗪2．5mg，1次／日；雷米普利2．5mg，1次／日；氨氯地平5mg，1次／日；     

4种给药方案治疗良性前列腺增生症的成本—效果分析

目的:探讨4种口服给药方案治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)所产生的成本-效果比.方法:选择我院门诊轻中度良性前列腺增生患者168例,随机分为4组,分别给予非那雄胺(A纽)、坦索罗辛(B组)、坦索罗辛多沙唑嗪加非那雄胺(C组)、普适泰(D组),运用药物经济学方法进行分析.结果:在成本相当的前提下,C组方案有效率最高.结论:坦索罗辛多沙唑嗪 非那雄胺治疗BPH不仅疗效好,可降低患者需要手术的危险性,而且可降低急性尿潴留发生率.     

Prevalence,pattern, sensitivity and resistance to antibiotics of different bacteria isolated from port site infection in low risk patients after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis at tertiary care hospital of Kashmir

The aim of this study was to determine specific pattern of port site microbial colonisation, sensitivity and resistance to different antibiotics of bacteria isolated from port site infection (PSI) in low risk patients after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in surgical wards at tertiary care hospital of Kashmir. This is a prospective study. The study included 675 consecutive patients of postoperative PSI after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis over a period of 12 months. Culture swabs were taken from port sites with signs of PSI and transported to the microbiology laboratory. The positive swab cultures were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. The data obtained was analysed by using appropriate statistical analytical tests. The incidence of PSI after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is 6·7%. The commonest organism responsible for PSI is pseudomonas, 19 (42·2%) cases. Most of the strains of organisms isolated were resistant to commonly used antibiotics in the hospital,pseudomonas was found 100% resistant to the combination of ampicillin + sulbactum and ceftriaxone and it was sensitive to imipenem, amikacin and vancomycin in 89·47,57 and 52·63% of cases respectively. Our study will be helpful in choosing effective empirical prophylactic antibiotic therapy in cases of elective laparoscopiccholecystectomy and will have a great impact on morbidity and mortality in them because of PSI.