Effects on physiologic measures of appetite from intragastric balloon and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: results of a prospective study

Background:Endoscopic bariatric therapies can help address widening management gaps in obesity. Their ability to facilitate weight loss is largely tied to influences on appetite through perturbations of gastric emptying and accommodation. As these tools gain traction in obesity therapy, their physiologic underpinnings require exploration, which may enhance efficacy, tolerance, and patient-tailored care.Methods:We prospectively assessed consecutive subjects with fluid-filled intragastric balloons (IGBs) (n = 18) placed between October 2016 and June 2017 or underwent endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) (n = 23) from March 2018 to June 2018. Patients underwent physiologic appraisal at 3 months with ¹³C-spirulina-based gastric emptying breath test to determine time to half emptying (T50), as well as maximum tolerated volume (MTV) of a standard nutrient drink test. Changes in T50 and MTV at 3 months were compared with percent total body weight loss (%TBWL) at 3 and 6 months using best-fit linear regression.Results:The change in T50 at 3 months correlated with %TBWL at 3 months for IGB (P = 0.01) and ESG (P = 0.01) but with greater impact on %TBWL in IGB compared to ESG (R² = 0.42 vs. 0.26). Change in T50 at 3 months was predictive of weight loss at 6 months for IGB (P = 0.01) but not ESG (P = 0.11). ESG was associated with greater decrease in MTV compared to IGB (340.25 ± 297.97 mL vs. 183.00 ± 217.13 mL, P = 0.08), indicting an enhanced effect on satiation through decreased gastric accommodation. Changes in MTV at 3 months did not correlate with %TBWL for either IGB (P = 0.26) or ESG (P = 0.49) but trended toward significance for predicting %TBWL at 6 months for ESG (P = 0.06) but not IGB (P = 0.19).Conclusion:IGB and ESG both induce weight loss but likely through distinct gastric motor function phenotypes, and gastric emptying may predict future weight loss in patients with IGB.     

线粒体DNA3160-3755区域基因突变与2型糖尿病的关系

目的研究线粒体DNA3160-3755区域基因在延边地区2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中的突变情况,探讨该区域线粒体基因突变与2型糖尿病的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（polymorphismchainreaction-restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism,PCR-RFLP）技术和直接测序法对延边地区人群108例正常健康体检者、328例T2DM患者（其中2例合并耳聋）,进行线粒体DNA3160-3755区域基因突变筛查。结果线粒体DNA3316G-A在糖尿病组和正常对照组中的突变率分别为3．7％和3．8％。两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;3394T→C在糖尿病组和正常对照组中的突变率分别为7．3％和1．9％,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;在糖尿病组及正常对照组中均未检测到线粒体DNA3243A→G、3593T→C和3714A→G突变。结论线粒体DNA3316G→A突变与延边地区T2DM的发生无关;线粒体DNA3,394T→C突变与延边地区T2DM的发生有关;线粒体DNA3423A→G,3593T→C,3714A→G突变在延边地区T2DM中的发生率为0,提示上述位点基因突变率极低。     

心肾综合征患者心脏结构功能、BNP、Cys-C变化与CKD分期的相关性

目的:探讨心肾综合征(cardiorenal syndrome,CRS)患者超声心动图变化及全血脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)、胱抑素C(Cystatin C,Cys-C)水平等与慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)分期的关系。方法:我院肾内科符合标准的84例CRS患者,检测入院时的全血BNP、Cys-C水平,并检测超声心动图及心电图,收集相关参数进行分析。结果:CKD3、4、5期CRS患者之间,全血BNP、Cys-C水平有显著差异,各组之间左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)、E峰、E/A、心率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而BNP和LVDd与CKD分期的相关性更加密切。结论:CKD 3~5期CRS患者心脏结构改变主要表现在左室舒张末期内径、左室后壁厚度增加等,心功能障碍主要表现在舒张功能受累。联合全血BNP、Cys-C水平、超声心动图及心电图检查可以作为观察CRS病情的有效指标,有利于预防及早期治疗。     

雷帕霉素对食管癌EC1细胞mTOR表达及细胞生长与凋亡的影响

目的:探讨雷帕霉素对人食管癌EC1细胞哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)的表达及细胞生长、凋亡的影响.方法:采用低、中、高浓度的雷帕霉素(100、150、200 nmol/L)分别作用于EC1细胞24、48、72 h,同时设溶剂对照组和空白对照组,用免疫细胞化学及原位杂交法检测EC1细胞中mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达,MTT法检测EC1细胞的增殖情况,TUNEL法检测各组作用24 h后细胞凋亡情况.结果:雷帕霉素作用24、48与72 h,5组细胞mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达差异均有统计学意义(mTOR蛋白:F=29.273、34.328、41.571,P均<0.001;mTOR mRNA:F=34.969、53.614、36.943,P均<0.001),细胞生长抑制率差异亦有统计学意义(F=566.732、51.768和186.022,P均<0.001);雷帕霉素低、中、高浓度组EC1细胞mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达均低于各对照组,且其表达随雷帕霉素浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而减弱(P<0.05).雷帕霉素低、中、高浓度组细胞生长抑制率均高于各对照组,且随雷帕霉素浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而升高(P<0.05).作用24 h,5组细胞凋亡指数(AI)差异有统计学意义(F=524.563,P<0.001),雷帕霉素低、中、高浓度组AI均高于各对照组,且随雷帕霉素浓度的增加而增高(P<0.05).结论:雷帕霉素可能通过抑制EC1细胞mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达从而抑制EC1细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡.     

超声心动图评价肥胖患者左心室收缩及舒张功能

目的应用超声心动图技术评价肥胖患者左心室收缩及舒张功能的改变,为临床及时诊治肥胖患者的心脏疾病提供帮助。方法应用常规超声心动图、组织多普勒以及三维斑点追踪技术（3D—STI）分别测量本院2012年3月-2013年7月132例肥胖患者（左心室射血分数≥50％）的左心室舒张、收缩功能,并进行比较分析。结果与对照组相比,肥胖组的左心房指数、左心室舒张末期内径指数、左心室收缩末期内径指数、二尖瓣口舒张晚期灌注峰值流速（A）、组织多普勒二尖瓣环舒张晚期峰值速度（A’）值升高;肥胖组的肺静脉收缩期峰值速度（S）、二尖瓣口舒张早期灌注峰值流速与二尖瓣口舒张晚期灌注峰值流速比值（E／A）、组织多普勒二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度与二尖瓣环舒张晚期峰值速度比值（E’／A’）降低;三维整体应变参数中,肥胖组的左心室质量、左心室整体径向收缩期峰值应变（global radial strain,GRS）升高,左心室整体圆周收缩期峰值应变（global circumferential strain,GCS）、左心室整体纵向收缩期峰值应变（global longitudinal strain,GLS）以及左心室整体面积收缩期峰值应变（global area strain,GAS）减低,两组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;单变量线性回归分析,肥胖组S、GLS、GCS、GRS以及GAS与体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）有较好的相关性;Stepwise逐步回归分析发现GCS（P=0．002）与BMI相关性最强。结论3D—STI为临床评估肥胖患者左心室收缩功能提供新的敏感指标。     

放射治疗对直肠癌细胞凋亡及相关调控蛋白的影响

目的 探讨直肠癌术前放射治疗对癌细胞凋亡及及相关调控蛋白的影响.方法 分析56例接受术前放射治疗的直肠癌患者的临床资料.采用TUNEL法观察放疗前活检标本及放疗后手术切除标本的细胞凋亡情况.免疫组织化学方法检测放疗前后所取标本的Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达情况.结果 56例直肠癌患者放疗前和放疗后,肿瘤细胞凋亡指数(AI)及凋亡阳性率均显著增加(均P＜0.001).放疗后Bcl-2蛋白的阳性表达率较放疗前显著升高(P=0.02),且与放疗后肿瘤细胞凋亡率成负相关(r=-0.68,P=0.016);而放疗后Bax蛋白的表达阳性率显著上升(P=0.01),且与放疗后肿瘤细胞凋亡率成正相关(r=0.89,P＜0.001).结论 直肠癌术前放射治疗对癌组织中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达有显著影响,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡.     

骨科创伤患者术后下肢深静脉血栓的因素与临床治疗

目的 探讨骨科创伤患者术后形成下肢深静脉血栓（DTV）的影响因素及临床治疗.方法 选取云南省第二人民医院急创伤中心2010年3月～2013年3月收治的下肢骨折创伤患者50例,术后发生DTV者25例为DVT组;术后未发生DVT者25例为对照组.记录所有患者的自身病因及手术相关因素以比较这些因素对DVT形成的影响.比较DTV组采用机械辅助药物治疗与综合手术治疗的效果.结果 ①DTV组患者中有高血压、糖尿病、血栓史的比例明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而两组吸烟酗酒的比例比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.②DTV组患者手术时间[（3.98 ±0.28） min]及制动时间[（8.21±1.36）min]明显长于对照组[（2.34±0.35）、（4.67±0.89）min],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.③DTV组患者中机械配合药物的治疗综合效果为63.7％（7/11）,低于综合手术治疗的85.7％ （12/14）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 骨科创伤患者术后形成下肢DVT的原因不仅与手术操作等外在因素有关,还跟自身带有的一些高血压、糖尿病等内在因素有关,因此需要综合治疗才能达到最佳效果.     

高迁移率族蛋白B1诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡的受体机制

目的 了解高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡的影响及其受体机制.方法 分离培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,在巨噬细胞中加入不同的刺激物,分为HMGB1组:加入10 μg/ml的HMGB1;HMGB1+抗晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)组:先加入RAGE多克隆抗体5μg/ml孵育2 h后,再加入HMGB1;HMGB1+重组鼠(rm)RAGE/Fc组:将10 μg/ml的HMGB1与10μg/ml的rmRAGE/Fc混合作用2 h后,再加入巨噬细胞;对照组:加入磷酸盐缓冲液.采用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面RAGE的表达强度.激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞凋亡情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率.结果 HMGB1组RAGE阳性细胞率(54±12)%明显高于对照组[(13±5)%,P＜0.01],其荧光强度(126±10)也显著高于对照组(34±8,P＜0.01).HMGB1+rmRAGE/Fc组、HMGB1+抗RAGE组凋亡细胞明显多于对照组,而HMGB1组晚期凋亡及坏死细胞明显多于其他3组.HMGB1组细胞凋亡率(39.5±2.3)%高于HMGB1+rmRAGE/Fc组[(17.3±3.6)%]、HMGB1+抗RAGE组[(14.8±4.8)%]及对照组[(5.4±2.3)%,P＜0.01].结论 HMGB1可诱导RAGE表达上调,RAGE是HMGB1诱导巨噬细胞凋亡的主要受体之一.     

The clinical utility of Tc-99m sestamibi scintimammography in detecting multicentric breast cancer.

The ability to recognize multicentric breast cancer preoperatively would assist in identifying appropriate candidates for breast conservation surgery. Tc-99m scintimammography (SMM) is an adjunct to conventional mammography in identifying selected patients with breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to report the utility of SMM in identifying patients with multicentric breast cancer. Breast cancer patients treated by mastectomy who underwent a preoperative SMM between 1992 and 1999 were identified using the institution's Tumor Registry. The pathology report of each patient was reviewed for multicentric disease defined as an additional focus of cancer within a different quadrant of the breast or greater than 2.5 cm from the dominant tumor mass. Each patient's preoperative SMM was reviewed and compared with the pathologic findings to obtain correlative data. Fifty-eight women treated by mastectomy had preoperative SMM (age range 35-78 years; median 52 years). Pathology revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma in 49 patients (84.5%), infiltrating lobular carcinoma in five patients (8.6%), ductal carcinoma in situ in three patients (5.1%), and colloid carcinoma in one patient (1.7%). Multicentric disease was present in the specimens of eight patients for a prevalence of 10.3 per cent. SMM was positive for uptake in 36 of 58 patients (sensitivity 62.1%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SMM in the detection of multicentric disease were 62.5, 96, 71, and 94 per cent, respectively. Although the overall sensitivity of SMM in the detection of breast cancer is superior to that of conventional mammography and physical examination in identifying multicentric breast cancer it is not an accurate modality for detecting multicentric disease in this study group. However, it may have limited applications in specific cases.     

In vivo albendazole treatment of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci strain WFU: proliferation, damage, and recovery

Taenia crassiceps has been widely experimented as a model for in vitro and in vivo studies on drug responses. The purpose of this study was to treat BALB/c mice infected with T. crassiceps strain WFU with commercially available albendazole and to analyze the reduction in parasite infrapopulations. Here, we describe the reduction and apparent damage of T. crassicceps WFU cysticerci in infected mice after antihelminthic drug treatment and subsequent inoculation of those treated parasites into a naïve host. We were able to reduce significantly the parasite counts to 33 and 48 % after albendazole treatment for 20 or 25 days and compared with the untreated mice. We also observed morphological damage such as the partial blebbing in the tegument and parenchyma of treated parasites, as well as disorganized musculature and the loss of cell membranes in subtegumental tissue section. However, larvae from albendazole-treated mice inoculated into the next host were able to become re-established in the next murine host due, probably, to the survival of proliferative parasite cells.