流式细胞术的培训实践及技术平台建设探讨

流式细胞分析技术(flow cytometry,FCM),又称流式细胞术,是一种在功能水平上对单细胞或其他生物粒子进行定量分析和分选的技术,具有广泛的科研应用价值.采用理论与实践并举,结合讨论的教学方式,在教师队伍开设针对性的培训课程,对深刻理解并在科研工作中有效利用该技术具有及其重要意义.同时以教学促科研,以科研促技...     

Biological resurfacing of the knee: a review of surgical management

Lesions of the articular surfaces of the knee have been managed by various techniques over the last 50 years. Surgical management has involved: excising the damaged area, refashioning the underlying bone to produce a fibrous response, and introducing allograft, autograft and synthetic materials to encourage a repair matrix. The techniques and their pitfalls are reviewed and discussed, and suggestions made as to the direction of future studies for the repair of osteochondral lesions in the painful knee.     

Comparison of isolation of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) from peptone-starch-dextrose agar and Columbia colistin-nalidoxic acid agar.

A total of 447 cervical or vaginal specimens were inoculated in parallel onto peptone-starch-dextrose (PSD) and Columbia colistin (10 mg/ml)-nalidixic acid (15 mug/ml) (CNA) agar and were incubated for 48 h at 35 degrees C in an atmosphere with 2 to 10% CO2. One hundred (22.4%) of the cultures were positive for Haemophilus vaginalis. Forty-eight of the isolates were recovered from both PSD and Columbia CNA agar, five from PSD only, and 47 from Columbia CNA agar only (P less than 0.001). On Columbia CNA agar, 76 of the isolates were detected after 24 h of incubation, and the remainder were detected within 4 days of incubation.     

Structural domains of the muscle-tendon junction. 1. The internal lamina and the connecting domain

The force generated within skeletal muscle fibers of vertebrates is transmitted to the tendon at the muscle-tendon junction. Ultrastructural analysis of the murine muscle-tendon junction following a variety of experimental manipulations has produced evidence that the muscle-tendon junction can be described in terms of four principal domains (Trotter and Eberhard, 1983), two of which are discussed in the present report. Each domain is defined by the shape and orientation of its principal components, and by its position with respect to the plasma membrane. The internal lamina is composed of actin filaments, with a center to center spacing of approximately 12 nm, oriented mainly parallel to the principal vector of contractile force, and to the plasma membrane. These filaments are cross-linked into a structural unit, perhaps by the electron-dense structures which are associated with them. The internal lamina is morphologically connected to the external lamina (lamina densa) by a population of fine filaments oriented approximately perpendicular to the principal vector of contractile force. These filaments which constitute the connecting domain, are approximately 2–8 nm in diameter and are at least 50 nm long. They pass through three separate regions: the sarcoplasm between the internal lamina and the plasma membrane; the plasma membrane proper; and the extracellular space between the plasma membrane and the lamina densa. This third region is often referred to as the lamina lucida. These filaments are composed of at least three separate components in series, linked together by noncovalent interactions. The existence of these discrete structural domains implies that each has a different molecular composition and different mechanical properties.     

Effect of warfarin on cell kinetics, epithelial morphology and tumour incidence in induced colorectal cancer in the rat.

The effect of low dose warfarin and high dose warfarin on epithelial cell kinetics (as determined by stathmokinetic techniques), and preneoplastic morphological changes was studied during azoxymethane induced carcinogenesis in the rat. Warfarin, at either low or high dose, had no effect on crypt cell production rate (CCPR) at any time interval whereas tumour incidence in both low dose warfarin and high dose warfarin groups was significantly reduced. Morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy, which by conventional histology were shown to be adenoma precursors. In the control group the number of microadenomas increased with time after starting azoxymethane. In warfarin treated animals, the number of microadenomas also increased with time, but the actual incidence was reduced when compared with controls. These results suggest that the effects of warfarin on tumour development is unrelated to its anticoagulant effect, because increased dose did not result in greater tumour reduction. Furthermore, there was no overall change in CCPR when warfarin was administered. Warfarin may exert a specific effect, by preventing neoplastic change in cells which have undergone morphologically undetectable changes associated with early carcinogenesis.     

Is fecundability associated with month of birth? An analysis of 19th and early 20th century family reconstitution data from The Netherlands

The relationship between fecundability and month of birth was investigated in a cohort of 1526 women who married between 1802 and 1929, using only women whose first marriage occurred before the age of 35 years. On the basis of their time to pregnancy (TTP, calculated as time between wedding and first birth minus gestational length), women were categorized into two groups: fecunds (TTP up to 12 months or prenuptial conceptions, n = 1348) and subfecunds (TTP >18 months, n = 118). By use of logistic regression, cosinor functions with a period of 1 year or 6 months and variable shift and amplitude were fitted through the monthly odds of subfecunds versus fecunds. The best fitting curve was unimodal, with a zenith in September (P = 0.13 for H0: no differences). Exclusion of childless women (n = 36, minimum follow-up 5 years) from the subfecunds led to a similar curve (P < 0.01), while childless women, as compared with fecunds, showed a birth distribution that was best represented with a bimodal curve with zeniths in January and July (P = 0.06). This study provides evidence for the existence of differences in fecundability by month of birth. The cause of this relationship is unclear, but may lie in a melatonin-dependent circannual variability of the quality of the oocyte.      

Immunohistochemical characteristics of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma: comparison with conventional papillary carcinoma

Koo JS, Shin E, Hong SW. Immunohistochemical characteristics of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma: comparison with conventional papillary carcinoma. APMIS 2010; 118: 744–52. Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma (DSVPC) is a rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). It shows different clinicopathologic features to the conventional PTC, but the immunohistochemical characteristics of DSVPC are yet to be more clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical features of DSVPC, which are different from those of PTC. Tissue microarray was constructed from the paraffin‐embedded tissue of 49 DSVPC and 50 conventional PTC samples. Immunohistochemical stains for p63, p53, galectin‐3, cytokeratin 19, β‐catenin, Bcl‐2, EMA, E‐cadherin, CD15, and CD56 were performed on each tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical stain for p63 was negative in all conventional PTCs, but 14 (28.6%) cases of DSVPC showed p63 expression (p = 0.000). p53 was expressed in 38 (76.0%) cases of conventional PTC and 21 (42.9%) cases of DSVPC (p = 0.001). Galectin‐3 was expressed in all 50 cases of conventional PTC, but eight (16.3%) cases of DSVPC did not express galectin‐3 (p = 0.003). EMA was expressed more in DSVPC (40.8%) than in conventional PTC (20.0%, p = 0.024). In univariate analyses, Bcl‐2 positivity (p = 0.016) and EMA negativity (p = 0.036) in DSVPC were associated with shorter time interval to tumor recurrence, but there was no significance for the two in multivariate analyses. DSVPC, a rare variant of PTC, has different immunohistochemical features from the conventional PTC, showing higher expression rate of p63 and lower expression rate of p53. It also shows galectin‐3 negativity and EMA positivity.