EFFECT OF ANO-RECEPTIVE HOMOSEXUAL PRACTICE ON T LYMPHOCYTES AND DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN TRANSSEXUALS

To determine whether ano-receptive sexual intercourse adversely affects a person's cellular immunity, we compared several immunological parameters among 100 transsexual male prostitutes and 40 heterosexual male controls, and also among different durations of prostitution. The mean ratios of CD-4 (helper/inducer) lymphocytes to CD-8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes and the delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity (DTH) scores were significantly lower in transsexuals than they were in heterosexual controls; these parameters also showed a decreasing trend with increasing duration of prostitution. Transsexuals have a significantly higher CD-8 lymphocyte count than have heterosexuals. No significant differences between transsexuals and heterosexuals were found for lymphocyte counts, pan T cells, and CD-4 cell counts. We postulate that in these subjects cellular immunity is progressively reduced, probably through repeated and prolonged antigenic challenge via receptive anal intercourse. The impairment in cellular immunity is associated with the duration of prostitution, independent of the man's age.     

Plasma reproductive hormones in normal and vasectomized Chinese males

Plasma reproductive hormones (testosterone, LH, FSH and prolactin) were measured in 298 normal healthy males aged 30-73 years from rural areas of Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China, and in 505 similar men vasectomized between 1 year and 25 years previously. Age-related increases in LH and FSH but not in testosterone or prolactin were noted in normal men. No adverse effects of vasectomy were observed apart from a 16% increase in mean LH levels in the vasectomized compared to non-vasectomized men of similar ages.     

BLOOD GROUPS IN RELATION TO SYPHILIS AND ITS TREATMENT

Since the observation of Landsteiner (1001) that .the blood of human beings may be divided into several groups according to the presence or absence of different iso-agglutinins and agglutinogensin the blood serum and cells, the question as to whether these blood groups have each a different predisposition to immunologic and thera- peutic reaction has been raised and discussed by many workers. Concerning the relation of blood groups to the incidence and treat- ment of syphilis alone there has been published an abundant litera- ture. Alexander (1921), Schiitz and Wohlisch (1924), Straszynski (1925), Jacobsohn (1926), Bunker and Meyers (1927), Leveringhaus (1927), Gundel (1926, 1927 and 1928), Lickint and Troltzsch (1929), and Parr (1930) found the distribution of the disease among the blood groups to be the same as that of iiormal populations, but Amseland Halber (1925), Weichmann and Paal (1926), Kumazai and Namba (1927), Wilczkowski (1927), Warnowsky (1927) and Klopstock (1929) observed more people belonging to one group to be susceptible to the disease than those of the other groups, although they all do not agree upon the same group as being the least resistant to the infection.     

胃镜润滑胶浆在留置鼻胃管中的应用

我们2006-01～2006-06将胃镜润滑胶浆用于留置鼻胃管操作中，取得了良好的效果。现总结如下。1对象和方法 1.1对象本组男46例，女44例，年龄16～68（平均51.2）岁。均为我科住院的神志清楚、合作、需行胃肠减压患者，既往无麻醉药物过敏史及置胃管经历。其中急性胰腺炎30例，胆道疾病12例，肠梗阻28例，胃肠道手术20例。     

104例成人急性白血病生存分析

目的 总结成人急性白血病患者的预后因素。方法 对我院3年来104例治疗和随访的成人急性白血病患者，采用对数秩检验(Logrank)和比例危险率(COX)回归模型分析其预后因素。结果 104例患者中有15例达5年以上长期生存，总的5年长期生存率为14．4％，急性髓细胞白血病(AML)为18．6％，急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)为1.8％，确诊后第1年病死率高；急性早幼粒细胞白血病(M3)的长期生存率较其他类型高。第1次化疗诱导缓解、骨髓移植、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)正常的患者生存时间较长，核型结构或数目异常组生存概率均低于正常棱型组。结论 成人急性白血病5年长期生存率为14．4％，M3预后较好，第1次诱导是否缓解及是否骨髓移植是影响长期生存的主要预后因素，LDH可考虑作为急性白血病(AL)疗效及预后判断的一项参考指标，核型分析在AL中具有独立于其他临床指标的预后意义。     

腹腔镜术后5 mm切口网膜疝1例报告

腹腔镜手术后发生切口疝报道并不少见，多与10mm或更大直径的套管使用有关，由5mm套管穿刺切口造成的大网膜疝并不多见。现报告如下：     

Apixaban, an oral, direct and highly selective factor Xa inhibitor: in vitro, antithrombotic and antihemostatic studies

Summary. Background: Apixaban is an oral, direct and highly selective factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in late‐stage clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases. Objective: We evaluated the in vitro properties of apixaban and its in vivo activities in rabbit models of thrombosis and hemostasis. Methods: Studies were conducted in arteriovenous‐shunt thrombosis (AVST), venous thrombosis (VT), electrically mediated carotid arterial thrombosis (ECAT) and cuticle bleeding time (BT) models. Results: In vitro, apixaban is potent and selective, with a K_i of 0.08 nm for human FXa. It exhibited species difference in FXa inhibition [FXa K_i (nm ): 0.16, rabbit; 1.3, rat; 1.7, dog] and anticoagulation [EC_2× (μm , concentration required to double the prothrombin time): 3.6, human; 2.3, rabbit; 7.9, rat; 6.7, dog]. Apixaban at 10 μm did not alter human and rabbit platelet aggregation to ADP, γ‐thrombin, and collagen. In vivo, the values for antithrombotic ED₅₀ (dose that reduced thrombus weight or increased blood flow by 50% of the control) in AVST, VT and ECAT and the values for BT ED_3× (dose that increased BT by 3‐fold) were 0.27 ± 0.03, 0.11 ± 0.03, 0.07 ± 0.02 and > 3 mg kg^?1 h^?1 i.v. for apixaban, 0.05 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.01, 0.27 ± 0.08 and > 3 mg kg^?1 h^?1 i.v. for the indirect FXa inhibitor fondaparinux, and 0.53 ± 0.04, 0.27 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.70 ± 0.07 mg kg^?1 day^?1 p.o. for the oral anticoagulant warfarin, respectively. Conclusions: In summary, apixaban was effective in the prevention of experimental thrombosis at doses that preserve hemostasis in rabbits.