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COVID‐19 was first identified in Wuhan, China and is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV 2. It has now spread rapidly to over 190 countries and territories around the world and has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The virus is spread through droplet transmission and currently has a mortality rate of over 4% globally. The pediatric population has been found to be less susceptible to the disease with the majority of children having milder symptoms and only one pediatric death being reported globally so far. Despite this, strategies need to be put in place to prevent further spread of the virus. We present a summary of the general measures implemented at a large adult and pediatric tertiary hospital in Singapore (National University Hospital) as well as the specific strategies in place for the operating room and pediatric intensive care unit. 相似文献
83.
Wang NJ Sanborn Z Arnett KL Bayston LJ Liao W Proby CM Leigh IM Collisson EA Gordon PB Jakkula L Pennypacker S Zou Y Sharma M North JP Vemula SS Mauro TM Neuhaus IM Leboit PE Hur JS Park K Huh N Kwok PY Arron ST Massion PP Bale AE Haussler D Cleaver JE Gray JW Spellman PT South AP Aster JC Blacklow SC Cho RJ 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2011,108(43):17761-17766
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are one of the most frequent forms of human malignancy, but, other than TP53 mutations, few causative somatic aberrations have been identified. We identified NOTCH1 or NOTCH2 mutations in ~75% of cutaneous SCCs and in a lesser fraction of lung SCCs, defining a spectrum for the most prevalent tumor suppressor specific to these epithelial malignancies. Notch receptors normally transduce signals in response to ligands on neighboring cells, regulating metazoan lineage selection and developmental patterning. Our findings therefore illustrate a central role for disruption of microenvironmental communication in cancer progression. NOTCH aberrations include frameshift and nonsense mutations leading to receptor truncations as well as point substitutions in key functional domains that abrogate signaling in cell-based assays. Oncogenic gain-of-function mutations in NOTCH1 commonly occur in human T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The bifunctional role of Notch in human cancer thus emphasizes the context dependency of signaling outcomes and suggests that targeted inhibition of the Notch pathway may induce squamous epithelial malignancies. 相似文献
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Depression is commonly seen in the course of schizophrenia and can occur during any of the phases of the psychotic illness. The present study examines the incidence of depression at baseline and de novo depression in first episode of nonaffective psychoses and the course of depression in the 12 months following first‐episode psychosis, any predictive significance of baseline depression with recurrence of depression in the subsequent phases of the psychotic illness. The study was conducted with a clinical sample of 460 patients under the care of a first‐episode psychosis programme, and data relating to duration of untreated psychosis, sociodemographic data, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) were collected. Diagnosis was made by at least two psychiatrists using SCID‐1, and depression was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to identify the sociodemographic and clinical factors that were associated with depression. Statistical significance was set at p value less than 0.05. We found that baseline depression was present in 34.42% patients with a preponderance of females (p = 0.047) and in those with secondary education. A suicide attempt is a strong predictor for depression at baseline. There was lower incidence of depression in those diagnosed with brief psychotic disorder (p = 0.015) and those with lower PANSS positive scores (p = 0.017). De novo depression over 12 months was 9.44%. Depression at 1‐year follow‐up was significantly predicted by depression at baseline. 相似文献
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Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations are common in giant cell arteritis (GCA) and sometimes may be the only presenting feature. Clinicians should be aware of typical and atypical features of GCA in order to intervene in time before permanent damage occurs. 相似文献
89.
John Mathai Swapna U. P. 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》2006,58(3):309-310
Hoarseness due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (LRLN) caused by identifiable cardiovascular disease is described
as Ortner’s syndrome or Cardiovocal syndrome. This was first described by Ortner in 1897 to describe left recurrent laryngeal
nerve palsy secondary to Mitral Stenosis. The common conditions which gave rise to Ortners’ syndrome include mitral stenosis,
mitral valve prolapse, aortic aneurysm, septal defect, following cardiothoracic surgery, high altitude pulmonary hypertension,
ductal aneurysm, aortic dissection etc. Herewith we are presenting an unusual presentation of Aortic arch aneurysm. 相似文献
90.
Verma SK Subramaniam M Chong SA Kua EH 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2002,37(7):326-328
Background Most of the information on the prevalence and patterns of substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia has been from studies
conducted in North America and Europe and data from Asian countries are conspicuously lacking. This study was undertaken with
the aim to identify the prevalence and patterns of substance abuse among patients with first-episode schizophrenia in the
city-state of Singapore. Methods All new patients with a diagnosis of first-episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder who were seen in one calendar
year in the only state mental institute in Singapore and its affiliated outpatient clinics were evaluated for a lifetime history
of substance use. Results In a sample of 272 patients, 201 (73.6 %) were abstainers, 43 (15.8 %) had “mild” substance use and 28 (10.3 %) had “heavy”
use patterns. Alcohol was the most frequently abused substance. The substance users were more likely to be males and were
more likely to have a criminal record than abstainers. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the co-morbidity of substance abuse in schizophrenia in an Asian
population. Our findings once again highlight the fact that patients with schizophrenia are at a high risk for substance abuse.
Accepted: 20 February 2002 相似文献