Stereological analysis of Reinke's crystals in human Leydig cells

Summary Reinke's crystals in human Leydig cells were analyzed stereologically to assess their functional role. Testicular tissues were taken from seven older men (57–82 years old) with prostatic carcinoma and also from seven younger men (26–38 y.o.) complaining of male infertility. Sections 0.5 m thick, stained with toluidine blue or Heidenhein's iron-hematoxylin were examined by a point-counting method and with a Particle Measurement Computor System (MC). When the patients were grouped by age, the mean crystal volume, the number of crystals per cell, the volume of crystals per cell and the volume ratio of crystals to cell were significantly larger in the older age group than in the younger age group. In particular, the latter three variables correlated well with the age of subjects, with correlation coefficients of r=0.66–0.85. On the other hand, none of these variables had any correlation with the concentration of plasma testosterone. These results indicate that Reinke's crystals can be considered as degenerative products in cell life but not as facultative constituents for testosterone production.Supported in part by a grant from Medical Foundation of Ehime, Japan     

Preparation of ceramic microspheres for in situ radiotherapy of deep-seated cancer

Radiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancers. However, external irradiation provides only small doses to deep-seated cancers, and often causes damage to healthy tissues. It has been reported that 20-30 microm diameter 17Y(2)O(3)-19Al(2)O(3)-64SiO(2) (mol%) glass microspheres are useful for the in situ irradiation of cancers. Yttrium-89 (89Y) in this glass can be neutron bombarded to form the beta-emitter 90Y (half-life=64.1h). When injected in the vicinity of the cancer, such activated glass microspheres can provide a large localized dose of beta-radiation. The Y(2)O(3) content of the glass in the microspheres is limited to only 17 mol%. Chemically durable microspheres with a higher Y(2)O(3) content need to be developed. Phosphorus-31 (31P) with 100% natural abundance can also be activated by neutron bombardment to form the beta-emitter 32P (half-life=14.3d). Chemically durable microspheres containing a high phosphorus content are expected to be more effective for cancer treatment. We prepared pure Y(2)O(3) and YPO(4) microspheres using a high-frequency induction thermal plasma melting technique, and investigated the resulting structure and chemical durability. We successfully prepared smooth, highly spherical polycrystalline Y(2)O(3) and YPO(4) microspheres with diameters in the range 20-30 microm. Both the Y(2)O(3) and YPO(4) microspheres showed high chemical durability in saline solutions buffered at pH=6 and 7. These microspheres are expected to be more effective than the conventional glass microspheres for the in situ radiotherapy of cancer.     

Confocal imaging of biofilm formation process using fluoroprobed Escherichia coli and fluoro-stained exopolysaccharide

We developed a novel method of evaluating biofilm architecture on a synthetic material using green fluorescent protein-expressing Escherichia coli and red fluorescence staining of exopolysaccharides. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation revealed the time course of the change in the in situ three-dimensional structural features of biofilm on a polyurethane film without structural destruction: initially adhered cells are grown to form cellular aggregates and secrete exopolysaccharides. These cells were spottily distributed on the surface at an early incubation time but fused to form a vertically grown biofilm with incubation time. Fluorescence intensity, which is a measure of the number of cells, determined using a fluorometer and biofilm thickness determined from confocal laser scanning microscopy vertical images were found to be effective for quantification of time-dependent growth of biofilms. The curli (surface-located fibers specifically binding to fibronectin and laminin)-producing Escherichia coli strain, YMel, significantly proliferated on fibronectin-coated polyurethane, whereas the curli-deficient isogenic mutant, YMel-1, did not. The understanding of biofilm architecture in molecular and morphological events and new fluorescence microscopic techniques may help in the logical surface design of biomaterials with a high antibacterial potential.     

Uncommon Type of Meningiomas with Conspicuous Plasmo-lymphocytic Infiltration: An Immunohistochemical and Histochemical Study

Two cases of meningioma revealing conspicuous plasmo lymphocytic tissue and hyalinized fibrous tissue components are reported. Histopathological examination of the plasmo lymphocytic infiltration was performed. Both lesions showed polyclonality of plasma cells as revealed by positive reactions for 1gG and paraimmunoglobulin χ- and λ light chains, and amyloid infiltration into the fibrous stroma and blood vessel walls. The histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesion in relation to its etiology are briefly discussed. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 32: 190∼194, 1989.     

The effects of midazolam and ketamine on D-tubocurarine-induced twitch depression in septic rat diaphragm

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of midazolam and ketamine on neuromuscular blockade induced by non-depolarizing muscle relaxants (NDMRs) under the condition of sepsis induced by panperitonitis. A CLP operation (laparotomy, cecal ligation, and puncture of the cecum; septic group) or sham laparotomy (sham group) was performed on rats under O2-isoflurane anesthesia. At 18 hours after the operation, isometric twitch tensions of rat nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations elicited by indirect or direct stimulation at 0.1 Hz were measured. Midazolam enhanced the dTc (1 microM)-induced twitch depression (p < 0.05) at a high concentration (10 microM) in the septic group but not in the sham group. Ketamine enhanced the dTc (1 microM)-induced twitch depression in the sham group (p < 0.01) but not in the septic group. Midazolam and ketamine had no effect on directly elicited twitch tensions in either group. The results indicate that sepsis facilitates the midazolam-induced enhancement of the neuromuscular blocking effect of dTc but, conversely, inhibits the ketamine-induced enhancement. Sepsis elicits manifold alterations in the influence of intravenous anesthetics and sedatives on NDMR-induced neuromuscular blockade.     

I-J as an Inducible T Cell Receptor for Self

"Jedenfalls, wenn man davorsteht, dann sieht man sich selbstaber eben nicht wie in einem gewöhnlichen Spiegel, versteht sich. Man sieht nicht sein Äusseres, sondern man sieht sein wahres inneres Wesen. so wie es in Wirklichkeit beschaffen ist. Wer da durch will, der muß - um es mal so auszudrücken -in sich selbst hineingehen."
Die undendliche Geschichte, bei Michael Ende, K. Thiehemanns Verlag, Stuttgart, 1979.