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The overlooked, retained double J stent 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M.D.Lester Persky M.DJorge J. Lockhart M.D.Robert Karp M.D.Mohamed Helal M.D.Said Hakki 《Urology》1990,36(6):519-521
A series of 4 patients with long overlooked, retained ureteral stents is presented to illustrate the variable, unpredictable, and at times, hazardous course of such patients. These cases are cited to re-emphasize the need for careful documentation, observation, and follow-up of patients in whom stents are placed. 相似文献
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Following exposure to promastigotes of various Leishmania species, mononuclear cells from non-exposed as well as potentially exposed individuals produced a cytokine response which inhibited intracellular forms of Leishmania aethiopica in a permissive monocytic cell line (THP1). Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), was one of the cytokines responsible for this anti-leishmanial effect. IFN-gamma was necessary for inhibition but could not act on its own inhibiting L. aethiopica. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha seemed not to be involved in the anti-L. aethiopica effect. The observed effects were in the absence of endotoxin. The results suggest that the mechanisms of killing of L. aethiopica in human cells may differ from those responsible for inhibition of other Leishmania parasites (such as Leishmania major) in mouse macrophages. Furthermore, that potentially relevant responses to Leishmania antigens may exist in normal individuals. 相似文献
44.
Mohamed Sabbahi Bruce Etnyre Ibrahim Al-Jawayed Joseph Jankovic 《Clinical neurophysiology》2003,114(2):288-294
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine neurophysiological characteristics of dystonia patients using electromyographic soleus H-reflex methods. METHODS: Thirty normal healthy individuals were compared to 27 patients with focal (cervical) or generalized dystonia. Three H-reflex assessment methods were included: the ratio of maximum H-reflex to direct muscle potential (H/M ratio); vibration inhibition (H(v)/H(c) ratio); and H-reflex recovery curves (HRRC). RESULTS: Average H/M ratios between groups were not statistically significant. The average H(v)/H(c) ratio for the generalized dystonia group was significantly greater than the focal dystonia and normal groups. Average values of the HRRC showed the generalized dystonia group had significantly greater disinhibition than the focal dystonia and control groups during the early inhibition phase. The HRRC for the focal dystonia group was greater than normal and more similar to the generalized dystonia group during the late phases of the recovery curve. The average value of the localized late facilitation phase for the focal dystonia group was significantly greater than the control group and less than the generalized dystonia group. No differences were observed between groups for the average localized late inhibition phase of the recovery curve. CONCLUSIONS: Soleus H-reflex measures identified neurophysiologic differences between generalized dystonia, cervical dystonia and normal conditions. SIGNIFICANCE: This methodology enables analysis of the underlying characteristics of dystonic pathologies using soleus H-reflex methods rather than upper extremity H-reflex techniques. 相似文献
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PURPOSE: To determine if there is an association between the timing of surgical intervention for congenital cataract within the first 12 weeks of life and the prevalence of postoperative complications. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of records from 1990 to 2000 of infants who underwent surgery for congenital cataract within the first 12 weeks of life. Eighty eyes in 55 children were involved with a minimum follow up of 6 months. Bilateral cataracts were present in 25 and monocular cataracts in 30 infants. A limbal approach lensectomy-vitrectomy was performed in all infants. Children with aphakia were rehabilitated with contact lens or glasses. Operative and postoperative complications-including glaucoma, nystagmus, strabismus, retinal detachment, and posterior capsule opacification/secondary membranes-were recorded. Ocular and systemic associations were noted. Statistical analysis was carried out with classification and regression trees (CART). RESULTS: The mean age at the time of surgery was 31.5 +/- 23.3 days (median, 26.5; range, 2 to 84). Mean follow up from the time of surgery was 2.85 +/-1.9 years (median, 2; range, 0.5 to 8). Persistent fetal vasculature (persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous) was present in 14 eyes. One infant with bilateral persistent fetal vasculature had bilateral retinal dysplasia and was excluded from the analysis. Glaucoma developed in 12 infants (22%); nystagmus was present in 18 infants (33%); strabismus developed in 28 infants (52%); and secondary membranes developed in 7 eyes (13%). CART analysis suggests that glaucoma is more prevalent in infants when the surgery was performed between 13.5 and 43 days of life (CART = 0.370); nystagmus when surgery is performed between 48 and 84 days of life (CART = 0.500); strabismus when surgery is performed between 55.5 and 84 days of life (CART = 0.600); and secondary membranes when surgery is performed between 26.5 and 40 days of life (CART = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the first 2 weeks of life comprise the most favorable time for decreasing postoperative complications resulting from surgical intervention for infants presenting with cataracts within the first 12 weeks of life. 相似文献
47.
Rebecca Suckling Mohamed Morsy Eric S Chemla 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2007,22(3):970-971
Sir, The expansion of haemodialysis includes older patients withcomorbidities, poor quality vessels, unsuitable for transplantationor peritoneal dialysis. Vascular access complications accountfor 20% of hospital admissions [1]. With exhausted sites inupper extremities, unusual sites for arteriovenous grafts formationare used [2]. The 相似文献
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We have tested whether the ability of synapses to compete for occupancy of endplates during neuromuscular synapse elimination is affected by differences in the spinal position or in the activity level of the parent motor neuron. To test the role of spinal position, the relative sizes of motor units for motor neurons from middle and extreme (rostral/caudal) positions in the rabbit soleus motor pool were determined at 3 postnatal ages: 4-5 d ("early" ages, when the soleus is heavily polyinnervated), 8-9 d ("intermediate"), and 11-15 d ("late," when the soleus has just reached singly innervated state). Average motor unit sizes from extreme ventral roots were similar to those from middle ventral roots in early-aged soleus muscles but were significantly smaller (by 18-27%) for both intermediate and late muscles. Thus, motor neurons from extreme positions evidently compete less effectively for retention of synapses than those from middle positions. To test the role of differential activity, inactive and active synapses were pitted directly against one another by implanting Silastic plugs laden with tetrodotoxin (TTX) into one of the spinal nerves containing a minority of the soleus motor axons. Differential activity was maintained during a period of extensive synapse loss, from the time of the implant at day 4 or 5 until the intermediate age (day 8-9). Motor unit twitch tensions were subsequently measured to determine the relative number of synapses retained by individual active and inactive motor neurons. The inactivated motor units were on average significantly larger (by more than 50%) than the corresponding group from normal and control-implanted animals. The abnormally large size of inactivated motor units persisted in animals allowed to recover from the TTX block and examined after multiple innervation had disappeared. Hence, the effect of the TTX block cannot be attributed to a simple slowing of synapse elimination specifically among the inactive motor neurons. We conclude that complete presynaptic inactivity improves the chances of survival relative to that for normal activity during synapse elimination in the neonatal rabbit soleus muscle. This difference in competitive ability may contribute to the development of an important characteristic of adult muscles, the correlation between motor unit size and recruitment threshold. 相似文献