全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6050篇 |
免费 | 459篇 |
国内免费 | 56篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 26篇 |
儿科学 | 133篇 |
妇产科学 | 114篇 |
基础医学 | 939篇 |
口腔科学 | 103篇 |
临床医学 | 581篇 |
内科学 | 1580篇 |
皮肤病学 | 103篇 |
神经病学 | 732篇 |
特种医学 | 153篇 |
外科学 | 501篇 |
综合类 | 14篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 381篇 |
眼科学 | 65篇 |
药学 | 489篇 |
中国医学 | 13篇 |
肿瘤学 | 637篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 66篇 |
2022年 | 158篇 |
2021年 | 268篇 |
2020年 | 131篇 |
2019年 | 166篇 |
2018年 | 232篇 |
2017年 | 166篇 |
2016年 | 188篇 |
2015年 | 245篇 |
2014年 | 279篇 |
2013年 | 315篇 |
2012年 | 530篇 |
2011年 | 547篇 |
2010年 | 273篇 |
2009年 | 242篇 |
2008年 | 428篇 |
2007年 | 448篇 |
2006年 | 384篇 |
2005年 | 382篇 |
2004年 | 322篇 |
2003年 | 325篇 |
2002年 | 244篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1918年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6565条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Mohamed Mabrouk Giulia Montanari Manuela Guerrini Gioia Villa Serena Solfrini Claudia Vicenzi Giuseppe Mignemi Letizia Zannoni Clarissa Frasca Nadine Di Donato Chiara Facchini Simona Del Forno Elisa Geraci Giulia Ferrini Diego Raimondo Stefania Alvisi Renato Seracchioli 《Health and quality of life outcomes》2011,9(1):98
Background
Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) can affect importantly patients' quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the laparoscopic management of DIE on QOL after six months from treatment.Methods
It is a prospective cohort study. In a tertiary care university hospital, between April 2008 and December 2009, 100 patients underwent laparoscopic management of DIE and completed preoperatively and 6-months postoperatively a QOL questionnaire, the short form 36 (SF-36).Quality of life was measured through the SF-36 scores. Intra-operative details of disease site, number of lesions, type of intervention, period of hospital stay and peri-operative complications were noted.Results
Six months postoperatively all the women had a significant improvement in every scale of the SF-36 (p < 0,0005). Among patients with intestinal DIE, significant differences in postoperative scores of SF-36 were not detected between patients submitted to nodule shaving and segmental resection (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the SF-36 scores at 6 months from surgery between patients who received postoperative medical treatment and patients who did not (p > 0.05).Conclusions
Laparoscopic excision of DIE lesions significantly improves general health and psycho-emotional status at six months from surgery without differences between patients submitted to intestinal segmental resection or intestinal nodule shaving.992.
Filip A Daicoviciu D Clichici S Mocan T Muresan A Postescu ID 《Journal of medicinal food》2011,14(7-8):761-766
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the major cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer in humans. Photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy for the management of cutaneous neoplasia. We studied the photoprotective activity of Calluna vulgaris and red grape seed (Vitis vinifera L, Burgund Mare variety [BM]) extracts in vivo in an SKH-1 hairless mice skin model. Fifty 8-week-old female SKH-1 hairless mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n?=?10 each): controls, UVB-irradiated, C. vulgaris plus UVB-irradiated, BM plus UVB-irradiated, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) plus UVB-irradiated. A dose of 4 mg/mouse per cm2 of skin area for both extracts was topically applied to the mice 30 minutes before a single-dose (240 mJ/cm2) UVB exposure. EGCG dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 6.6; 0.067 M) was administered at 2 mg/mouse per cm2. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and caspase 3 activity were determined in skin homogenates 24 hours after irradiation. A single dose of UVB increased GSH levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in the exposed skin. C. vulgaris and BM pretreatment significantly decreased GSH formation and glutathione peroxidase activity (P?.001) and inhibited UVB-induced lipid peroxidation (P?.0001) and nitric oxide production (C. vulgaris: P?.06). Topical treatments with C. vulgaris and particularly BM extracts (P?.002) significantly reduced caspase 3 activity, indicating that the cells were protected against apoptosis. These results suggest that C. vulgaris and BM extracts might be chemopreventive candidates for reducing UV-induced risk for skin cancer. 相似文献
993.
Costanzo S Di Castelnuovo A Donati MB Iacoviello L de Gaetano G 《European journal of epidemiology》2011,26(11):833-850
In previous studies evaluating whether different alcoholic beverages would protect against cardiovascular disease, a J-shaped
relationship for increasing wine consumption and vascular risk was found; however a similar association for beer or spirits
could not be established. An updated meta-analysis on the relationship between wine, beer or spirit consumption and vascular
events was performed. Articles were retrieved through March 2011 by PubMed and EMBASE search and a weighed least-squares regression
analysis pooled data derived from studies that gave quantitative estimation of the vascular risk associated with the alcoholic
beverages. From 16 studies, evidence confirms a J-shaped relationship between wine intake and vascular risk. A significant
maximal protection—average 31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 19–42%) was observed at 21 g/day of alcohol. Similarly, from
13 studies a J-shaped relationship was apparent for beer (maximal protection: 42% (95% CI: 19–58%) at 43 g/day of alcohol).
From 12 studies reporting separate data on wine or beer consumption, two closely overlapping dose–response curves were obtained
(maximal protection of 33% at 25 g/day of alcohol). This meta-analysis confirms the J-shaped association between wine consumption
and vascular risk and provides, for the first time, evidence for a similar relationship between beer and vascular risk. In
the meta-analysis of 10 studies on spirit consumption and vascular risk, no J-shaped relationship could be found. 相似文献
994.
Ivana Raji Dragana Javorac Simona Tatovi Aleksandra Repi Danijela uki-osi Sneana orevi Vera Luki Zorica Bulat 《Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju》2020,71(1):87
Immunochromatographic strips for urine drug screening tests (UDSTs) are common and very suitable for drug abuse monitoring, but are also highly susceptible to adulterants kept in the household, which can significantly alter test results. The aim of this study was to see how some of these common adulterants affect UDST results in practice and whether they can be detected by sample validity tests with pH and URIT 11G test strips. To this end we added household chemicals (acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, surfactants, and miscellaneous substances) to urine samples positive for amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), tetrahydrocannabinol, heroin, cocaine, or benzodiazepines (diazepam or alprazolam) and tested them with one-component immunochromatographic UDST strips. The UDST for cocaine resisted adulteration the most, while the cannabis test produced the most false negative results. The most potent adulterant that barely changed the physiological properties of urine specimens and therefore escaped adulteration detection was vinegar. Besides lemon juice, it produced the most false negative test results. In conclusion, some urine adulterants, such as vinegar, could pass urine specimen validity test and remain undetected by laboratory testing. Our findings raise concern about this issue of preventing urine tampering and call for better control at sampling, privacy concerns notwithstanding, and better sample validity tests.Key words: false negative, household chemicals, immunochromatographic assay, lemon juice, URIT 11G, vinegar 相似文献
995.
996.
Shane R. Stecklein Simona F. Shaitelman Gildy V. Babiera Isabelle Bedrosian Dalliah M. Black Matthew T. Ballo Isadora Arzu Eric A. Strom Valerie K. Reed Tomas Dvorak Benjamin D. Smith Wendy A. Woodward Karen E. Hoffman Pamela J. Schlembach Steve M. Kirsner Christopher L. Nelson Jinzhong Yang William Guerra Elizabeth S. Bloom 《Practical radiation oncology》2019,9(1):e4-e13
Purpose
This study aimed to prospectively characterize toxicity and cosmesis after accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (CRT) or single-entry, multilumen, intracavitary brachytherapy.Methods and materials
A total of 281 patients with pTis, pT1N0, or pT2N0 (≤3.0 cm) breast cancer treated with segmental mastectomy were prospectively enrolled from December 2008 through August 2014. APBI was delivered using 3-dimensional CRT (n = 29) or with SAVI (n = 176), Contura (n = 56), or MammoSite (n = 20) brachytherapy catheters. Patients were evaluated at protocol-specified intervals, at which time the radiation oncologist scored cosmetic outcome, toxicities, and recurrence status using a standardized template.Results
The median follow-up time is 41 months. Grade 1 seroma and fibrosis were more common with brachytherapy than with 3-dimensional CRT (50.4% vs 3.4% for seroma; P < .0001 and 66.3% vs 44.8% for fibrosis; P = .02), but grade 1 edema was more common with 3-dimensional CRT than with brachytherapy (17.2% vs 5.6%; P = .04). Grade 2 to 3 pain was more common with 3-dimensional CRT (17.2% vs 5.2%; P = .03). Actuarial 5-year rates of fair or poor radiation oncologist-reported cosmetic outcome were 9% for 3-dimensional CRT and 24% for brachytherapy (P = .13). Brachytherapy was significantly associated with inferior cosmesis on mixed model analysis (P = .003). Significant predictors of reduced risk of adverse cosmetic outcome after brachytherapy were D0.1cc (skin) ≤102%, minimum skin distance >5.1 mm, dose homogeneity index >0.54, and volume of nonconformance ≤0.89 cc. The 5-year ipsilateral breast recurrence was 4.3% for brachytherapy and 4.2% for 3-dimensional CRT APBI patients (P = .95).Conclusions
Brachytherapy APBI is associated with higher rates of grade 1 fibrosis and seroma than 3-dimensional CRT but lower rates of grade 1 edema and grade 2 to 3 pain than 3-dimensional CRT. Rates of radiation oncologist-reported fair or poor cosmetic outcomes are higher with brachytherapy. We identified dosimetric parameters that predict reduced risk of adverse cosmetic outcome after brachytherapy-based APBI. Ipsilateral breast recurrence was equivalent for brachytherapy and 3-dimensional CRT. 相似文献997.
Self-cleaning applications using TiO2 coatings on various supporting media have been attracting increasing interest in recent years. This work discusses the issue of self-cleaning textile production on an industrial scale. A method for producing self-cleaning textiles starting from a commercial colloidal nanosuspension (nanosol) of TiO2 is described. Three different treatments were developed for purifying and neutralizing the commercial TiO2 nanosol: washing by ultrafiltration; purifying with an anion exchange resin; and neutralizing in an aqueous solution of ammonium bicarbonate. The different purified TiO2 nanosols were characterized in terms of particle size distribution (using dynamic light scattering), electrical conductivity, and ζ potential (using electrophoretic light scattering). The TiO2-coated textiles’ functional properties were judged on their photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB), used as a stain model. The photocatalytic performance of the differently treated TiO2-coated textiles was compared, revealing the advantages of purification with an anion exchange resin. The study demonstrated the feasibility of applying commercial TiO2 nanosol directly on textile surfaces, overcoming problems of existing methods that limit the industrial scalability of the process. 相似文献
998.
999.
Simona Coco Simona Boccardo Marco Mora Vincenzo Fontana Irene Vanni Carlo Genova Angela Alama Sandra Salvi Maria Giovanna Dal Bello Silvia Bonfiglio Erika Rijavec Claudio Sini Giulia Barletta Federica Biello Franca Carli Zita Cavalieri Giovanni Burrafato Luca Longo Francesco Grossi 《Clinical breast cancer》2021,21(3):218-230.e6
IntroductionBreast cancer survivors are at increased risk of developing unrelated primary cancers, particularly lung cancer. Evidence indicates that sex hormones as well as a deregulation of DNA-repair pathways may contribute to lung cancer onset. We investigated whether the hormone status and expression of markers involved in DNA repair (BRCA1/2, ERCC1, and P53R2), synthesis (TS and RRM1), and cell division (TUBB3) might be linked to lung cancer risk.Patients and MethodsThirty-seven breast cancer survivors with unrelated lung cancer and 84 control subjects comprising women with breast cancer (42/84) or lung cancer (42/84) were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue was performed. Geometric mean ratio was used to assess the association of marker levels with patient groups.ResultsEstrogen receptor was expressed in approximately 90% of the breast cancer group but was negative in the majority of the lung cancer group, a result similar to the lung cancer control group. Likewise, ER isoform β was weakly expressed in the lung cancer group. Protein analysis of breast cancer versus control had a significantly lower expression of BRCA1, P53R2, and TUBB3. Likewise, a BRCA1 reduction was observed in the lung cancer group concomitant with a BRCA2 increase. Furthermore, BRCA2 and TUBB3 increased in ipsilateral lung cancer in women who had previously received radiotherapy for breast cancer.ConclusionThe decrease of DNA-repair proteins in breast cancer could make these women more susceptible to therapy-related cancer. The increase of BRCA2 and TUBB3 in lung cancer from patients who previously received radiotherapy for breast cancer might reflect a tissue response to exposure to ionizing radiation. 相似文献