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41.
Low DE;Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Study Group 《Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses》1995,6(5):258-262
To compare the activity of cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, with several available antimicrobials, in vitro susceptibility studies were carried out on bacteria commonly associated with various infections, including sepsis. Ten tertiary care hospital laboratories in six provinces provided 1276 clinically relevant isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci during 1993. When the activity of each of the antimicrobials was determined against all isolates submitted, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and ciprofloxacin all had minimal inhibitory concentrations for 90% of the organisms (mic(90)) two or more dilutions below the mic resistant category. Gentamicin's mic(90) against all organisms tested was one dilution below the mic resistant category. The mic(90)s of the third-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin and ticarcillin/clavulanate, for Enterobacter species fell in the resistant category. This is presumably due to constitutive high level chromosomal cephalosporinase production. The mic(90)s of cefepime for Enterobacter species was three or more dilutions below the mic resistant category. The mic(90)s of all antimcrobials against Staphylococcus aureus, with the exception of ceftazidime and piperacillin, had mic(90) categories two or more dilutions below the resistant category. The activity of cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin make them excellent candidates for the empirical therapy of serious infections due to aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and S aureus. 相似文献
42.
43.
Acetabular fractures. Clinical outcome of surgical treatment 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Liebergall M Mosheiff R Low J Goldvirt M Matan Y Segal D 《Clinical orthopaedics and related research》1999,(366):205-216
Sixty patients with acetabular fractures were treated surgically. All fractures were a result of high energy trauma, most with significant associated injuries. Fifty-three of the patients were followed up for at least 2 years. Clinical outcome was analyzed clinically using the Harris hip score and radiographically. In 41 (77.4%) of the patients, the surgical procedure was judged successful (Harris hip score greater than 80 points). Three factors were found to be statistically significant predictors of such an outcome: patient age younger than 40 years; simple fractures based on the classification of Letournel and Judet; and absence of damage to the femoral head. Possible influential factors that were not found to be statistically significant in this population included additional injuries, immediate complications, quality of reduction, heterotopic ossification, ipsilateral femoral fracture, and sciatic nerve damage. Open reduction and internal fixation of the displaced acetabular fracture, although a demanding procedure, can result in a satisfactory clinical outcome given a consistent approach with a dedicated team. 相似文献
44.
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Background: In this study we tried to estimate the local surgical trauma in patients undergoing endoscopic or conventional hernia repair
via the changes in peripheral blood T cell subpopulations (i.e., T-helper 1 (TH1) and TH2 cells), recently shown to be recruited
differentially to inflammatory sites.
Methods: Cells were identified flow-cytometrically by intracellular cytokine staining on a single cell level in 30 patients undergoing
conventional (Shouldice) or total extraperitoneal patch (TEPP) hernia repair.
Results: The TH1 cells decreased postoperatively in Shouldice patients on an average of 20.8–31.4%, whereas in TEPP patients only
a minor decline (mean, 7.8–9.2%) was observed. The TH2 cells did not change significantly in TEPP patients, and a small increase
(mean, 7.7%) was detected in Shouldice patients.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the postoperative reduction in TH1 cells reflects local surgical trauma and can be helpful in evaluating
different surgical procedures. When conventional and endoscopic hernia repair were compared, the latter proved less traumatizing.
Received: 18 March 1998/Accepted: 24 July 1998 相似文献
46.
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48.
R. B. Dickson M. D. Johnson M. Maemura J. Low 《Breast cancer research and treatment》1996,38(1):121-132
Summary Most of the pharmaceuticals in clinical practice today for treatment of breast and other cancers are cytotoxic or cytostatic inhibitors of tumor growth. While this type of drug has found its place, along with surgery and radiotherapy, in treatment of disease, the breast cancer death rate has not decreased. This appears to be the result of rising incidence, resistance to therapy, and metastasis of the disease. Since distant metastasis (usually indicated by lymph node involvement) of breast cancer is related only indirectly to tumor size, it would appear that a concerted effort should be made to discover drugs which directly interfere with this complex process. Metastasis appears to depend upon tumor cell motility, dedifferen-tiation, local invasion, and angiogenesis. Significant progress has been recently made in the creation of new animal models of metastasis and in identifying several new drugs which may be suitable for clinical inhibition of this process. This article reviews current findings on anti-invasion/metastasis drugs with a focus on breast cancer.Presented at the symposium "New Approaches in the Therapy of Breast Cancer", Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, October 1994, generously supported by an education grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb. 相似文献
49.
Prof. T. E. Oh S. Bhatt E. S. Lin R. C. Hutchinson J. M. Low 《Intensive care medicine》1991,17(4):199-203
Previous studies on oxygen consumption (
) during weaning from mechanical ventilation assumed that an increase in
(
) reflected oxygen consumption by respiratory muscles (
), and proposed
as a weaning predictor. We measured
CO2 production (
) and plasma catecholamines in 20 short-term ventilated patients during weaning by SIMV and CPAP.
as a percentage of
during spontaneous ventilation (
%) ranged from 4.8% to 41.5%.
also increased and correlated with
. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline increased significantly to levels known to produce considerable increases in metabolic rate. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate concomitantly increased, but spontaneous minute ventilation decreased. Thus, since the increased plasma catecholamines are calorigenic, the assumption that
represents
is incorrect. Although mean
% of successfully weaned patients was significantly less than that of failure-to-wean patients, the wide scatter of individual values in the latter group excludes
% as an accurate weaning predictor. 相似文献
50.