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Defining the phenotype of young healthy nucleus pulposus cells: Recommendations of the Spine Research Interest Group at the 2014 annual ORS meeting 下载免费PDF全文
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Cardiovascular alterations during pregnancy are characterized by an increased vascular volume, cardiac output, and heart rate, with a marked fall in vascular resistance. Cardiac output is about 40-50% higher during the third trimester. Even higher values of cardiac output are observed during uterine contractions in labor. In general, arterial blood pressure remains unaffected or demonstrates some tendency toward lower diastolic pressure. The higher blood volume is associated with a slight increase in left ventricular dimensions. Left ventricular contraction force and its first derivative remain unchanged. Many symptoms and findings during pregnancy are caused by the described changes, such as dyspnea on exertion, presyncope due to pressure on the inferior vena cava resulting in a decreased venous return to the heart, prominent jugular venous pulsation, leg edema, and ejection murmurs over the aorta and pulmonary artery. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, anginal chest pain, syncopy, anasarca, and diastolic heart murmurs require further evaluation. 相似文献
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Ana Born-Torrijos Astrid Sibylle Holzer Juan Antonio Raga Aneta Kostadinova 《Parasitology research》2014,113(2):545-554
Due to their shallow and confined nature, lagoons provide excellent conditions for the transmission of digenean trematode parasites that require two or more intermediate hosts for the completion of their complex life cycles. However, these unstable environments are characterised by an internal heterogeneity and a large variation of a range of abiotic variables. We conducted a series of experiments in a comparative framework to assess the effect of a number of exogenous factors known to exhibit marked fluctuations in the lagoonal environment, i.e. temperature, salinity, water level and photoperiod, on larval emergence of two sympatric parasites, Cainocreadium labracis and Macvicaria obovata, which share the snail intermediate host, Gibbula adansonii, and a sit-and-wait downstream host-finding strategy. Our results demonstrated contrasting patterns and rates of larval emergence indicating an overall differential response of the two species to the variation of the environmental factors. Cercariae of M. obovata exhibited increased emergence rates at elevated temperature (with a sharp increase at 15 °C), decreased salinity (35–25 practical salinity units (psu)) and low water levels, whereas larval emergence of C. labracis was unaffected by the experimental variation in temperature and water level and showed decreased rates at decreased salinity levels (35–25 psu). The differential impact of the variable environmental conditions indicates the complexity of the patterns of exogenous control modifying parasite transmission and abundance in the lagoonal environment. Most importantly, the contrasting rhythms of larval emergence indicate endogenous control associated with the different transmission pathways of the two opecoelid digeneans. 相似文献
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H Fuchs S Sabrautzki H Seedorf B Rathkolb J Rozman W Hans R Schneider M Klaften SM Hölter L Becker M Klempt R Elvert W Wurst T Klopstock M Klingenspor E Wolf V Gailus-Durner MH de Angelis 《European journal of oral sciences》2012,120(4):269-277
We analyzed two mutant mouse lines, ATE1 and ATE2, that carry point mutations in the enamelin gene which result in premature stop codons in exon 8 and exon 7, respectively. Both mutant lines show amelogenesis imperfecta. To establish the effect of mutations within the enamelin gene on different organs, we performed a systematic, standardized phenotypic analysis of both mutant lines in the German Mouse Clinic. In addition to the initially characterized tooth phenotype that is present in both mutant lines, we detected effects of enamelin mutations on bone and energy metabolism, as well as on clinical chemical and hematological parameters. These data raise the hypothesis that enamelin defects have pleiotropic effects on organs other than the teeth. 相似文献
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Enck P Horing B Weimer K Klosterhalfen S 《European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology》2012,24(1):1-8
The nature and determinants of the placebo response are widely unknown, as are the underlying psychological and biological mechanisms. Placebo response rates in functional bowel disorders (functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome) trials are similar to those in nonintestinal pain conditions and are comparable with other organic gastrointestinal diseases (duodenal ulcer, inflammatory bowel diseases). In this narrative review, different methodologies (meta-analyses, reanalyses, and experimental setups) are discussed that have been applied to the study of the placebo response in functional dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome. 相似文献
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Chan A Verma S Loibl S Crawford J Choi MR Dreiling L Vandenberg T 《Critical reviews in oncology/hematology》2012,81(2):136-150
In this article, we reviewed and quantified reporting of the risk of myelotoxicity, specifically febrile neutropenia (FN), and the related use of supportive care with colony-stimulating factor (CSF) or antibiotics in clinical trials published between January 2005 and June 2009, evaluating emerging regimens for the treatment of selected solid tumors. Our analysis showed that clinically significant neutropenia and neutropenia-related events were generally described in the studies evaluated (grade 3/4 neutropenia incidence, 72%; FN incidence, 53%). However, use of CSF and antibiotics was infrequently and inconsistently reported (trials reporting prophylactic CSF and antibiotics use: in the methods section, 38% and 10%, respectively; in the results section, 19% and 1%, respectively). These results highlight the need for a standardized approach to reporting neutropenic outcomes and use of supportive care measures. This can assist clinicians in prospectively managing relevant toxicities associated with these emerging regimens and thereby facilitate their safe and effective use in clinical practice. 相似文献