内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区1440例过敏性鼻炎患儿过敏原检测结果分析

目的了解内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区过敏性鼻炎患儿的过敏原分布情况。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年12月就诊于我院耳鼻喉科和儿科的1440例鄂尔多斯地区0~18岁过敏性鼻炎患儿的过敏原检测结果。结果过敏原前6位在不同年龄段患儿进行比较,蒿、藜/反枝苋、矮豚草、念珠菌分枝孢霉黑曲霉、牛奶5种差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。蒿、藜/反枝苋、矮豚草等吸入性过敏原的阳性人数和阳性率每年7~9月份明显升高。结论内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区过敏性鼻炎患儿主要过敏原为蒿、藜/反枝苋、矮豚草等吸入性过敏原,<3岁过敏性鼻炎患儿过敏原主要以食入性过敏原为主,随着年龄增加,食入性过敏原降低,吸入性过敏原增加。     

The Unique Clinical Characteristics of Melanoma Diagnosed in Children

Background

Studies have demonstrated a higher rate of nodal metastases in melanoma of childhood, but there is controversy about the overall prognosis relative to adults. We describe a large single-institution experience with pediatric melanoma and assess prognostic characteristics.

Methods

Retrospective review identified 126 patients diagnosed with melanoma at <21?years of age and referred for treatment from 1986 to 2011. Atypical lesions were excluded. Clinicopathologic characteristics were correlated with sentinel lymph node (SLN) status and outcomes.

Results

SLN biopsy was positive in 18 of 62 cases (29?%). Increasing Breslow thickness correlated with a positive SLN (p?<?0.05). After a median follow-up of 5?years, there were 27 recurrences and 20 deaths. Positive SLN patients had significantly worse recurrence-free survival (RFS, p?<?0.05) and significantly worse melanoma-specific survival (MSS, p?=?0.05) compared with negative SLN patients. The 5-year RFS and MSS for positive SLN patients were 59.5 and 77.8?%, compared with 93.7 and 96.8?% for negative SLN patients. Recurrences and melanoma-related deaths were often seen beyond 5?years. No deaths have occurred in patients <12?years, but 9.1?% of patients 12?C17?years and 17.2?% of patients 18?C20?years died from melanoma (p?=?0.291).

Conclusions

Children with melanoma have higher rates of SLN metastases (29?%) than adults with comparable melanomas. Despite the higher incidence of nodal metastases, survival is equal to or better than what is reported for adults. However, long-term follow-up is necessary in this population since recurrences and deaths are often seen beyond 5?years.     

广西医科和非医科院校大学生禽流感KAPs调查

目的了解广西大学生禽流感防控知识的认知情况,比较医学专业与非医学专业学生及留学生间禽流感认知、态度和行为之间的差异。方法对广西医科大学和广西大学的中国学生按年级人数比例分层抽样,对广西医科大学的全体全英文班留学生整群抽样进行问卷调查。结果医学专业与非医学专业中国学生、留学生禽流感知识题平均答对率分别为57.21%、58.81%和57.96%;三者获取禽流感知识主要通过电视、广播等传统媒体,但通过上网获取知识也占较高比例;医学专业留学生对中国禽流感防控措施的满意度比其他两类中国学生低,并有34.3%的留学生不清楚中国的"重大疫情预警机制",但参与禽流感防治的积极性均比其他两类中国学生高。结论广西医学与非医学专业中国大学生和医学专业留学生对禽流感知识认知不足,在态度和行为上出现差异化;中国学生对我国的禽流感疫情存在一定的淡漠性。     

2011年锡林郭勒盟食源性致病菌检测分析

目的:根据卫生部《2011年食品安全保障项目管理方案》及《2011年内蒙古食源性致病菌监测工作计划》的要求,了解锡林浩特市食品中7种致病菌污染状况结果。方法:按《中华人民共和国国家标准》、《食品卫生微生物学检验》及《2011年食源性致病菌监测工作手册》有关章节检验。结果:共检测样品255份,检出致病菌11株,检出率4.31%,其中检出沙门菌2侏,检出率0.78%;检出大肠杆菌O157∶H71株,检出率0.39%;检出单增李斯特菌5株,检出率1.96%;检出蜡样芽脆杆菌3株,检出率1.18%。结论:生畜肉及米粉、米线是主要被污染食品,应引起重视。     

脊髓神经低强度刺激对心房神经节丛功能的影响

目的：探讨脊髓神经低强度刺激(LL-SCS)对心房神经节丛(GP)功能的影响。方法13只成年杂种犬随机分为两组：实验组7只,对T1~2)节段脊髓神经予以高频刺激并以引起肌肉震颤的最低电压强度为刺激阈值,使用90%的阈值强度进行LL-SCS刺激并持续6 h;对照组6只,在T1~2节段附近寻找一处体表皮肤予以同样6 h低强度刺激。分别在基础状态、3 h和6 h末测定递增电压刺激右前GP（ARGP）引起的心率变化。将刺激电压与心率变化的百分比分别作为横坐标和纵坐标绘制出ARGP的心率-电压反应曲线。结果对照组ARGP的心率-电压反应曲线没有显著性改变;实验组ARGP的心率-电压反应曲线逐渐被钝化,而且相同电压引起的心率降低的百分比显著性逐渐降低。结论 LL-SCS可以明显抑制ARGP的功能。     

Implications of the Index Cholecystectomy and Timing of Referral for Radical Resection of Advanced Incidental Gallbladder Cancer

Introduction

Advanced (pT2/T3) incidental gallbladder cancer is often deemed unresectable after restaging. This study assesses the impact of the primary operation, tumour characteristics and timing of management on re-resection.

Methods

The records of 60 consecutive referrals for incidental gallbladder cancer in a single tertiary centre from 2003 to 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Decision on re-resection of incidental gallbladder cancer was based on delayed interval restaging at three months following cholecystectomy. Demographics, index cholecystectomy data, primary pathology, CA19–9 tumour marker levels at referral and time from cholecystectomy to referral as well as from referral to restaging were analysed.

Results

Thirty-seven patients with pT2 and twelve patients with pT3 incidental gallbladder cancer were candidates for radical re-resection. Following interval restaging, 24 patients (49%) underwent radical resection and 25 (51%) were deemed inoperable. The inoperable group had significantly more patients with positive resection margins at cholecystectomy (p=0.002), significantly higher median CA19–9 levels at referral (p=0.018) and were referred significantly earlier (p=0.004) than the patients who had resectable tumours. On multivariate analysis, urgent referral (p=0.036) and incomplete cholecystectomy (p=0.048) were associated significantly with inoperable disease following restaging.

Conclusions

In patients with incidental, potentially resectable, pT2/T3 gallbladder cancer, inappropriate index cholecystectomy may have a significant impact on tumour dissemination. Early referral of breached tumours is not associated with resectability.     

短期颈动脉压力感受器电刺激减轻犬心肌缺血再灌注损伤的机制研究

目的：验证短期颈动脉压力感受器电刺激(Carotid baroreceptors stimulation,CBS）是否通过激活迷走神经的胆碱能抗炎通路减轻犬心肌缺血再灌注损伤。方法36只成年杂种犬随机分为三组(n=12)：缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、颈动脉压力感受器刺激组(CBS组)和迷走神经干切除术(Vagotomy)组(VAG组)。各个组别的实验犬分别结扎左冠脉前降支1 h和再灌注6 h完成心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。CBS组在心肌缺血前2 h对右侧颈动脉窦开始进行高频电刺激,直到实验结束,刺激参数：频率50 Hz,脉宽0.5 ms,刺激强度随血压进行调整,以保持血压较刺激前下降10%。VAG组在颈动脉窦刺激前实施双侧颈迷走神经干切除术。于缺血前、缺血15 min、30 min、60 min和再灌注0.5 h、2 h、6 h时记录心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)。各组随机抽取6只犬于再灌注6 h后分别经颈内静脉采血,采用ELISA法检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6浓度。采血后,迅速取出缺血区心肌组织,检测髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性观察中性粒细胞浸润情况。各组剩余6只犬于再灌注6 h后采用依文斯兰—氯化三苯基氮唑(TTC)双染色法检测心肌缺血和心肌梗死面积。结果与I/R组比较,CBS组心肌梗死面积,MPO活性,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量降低(P<0.05);与I/R组比较,VAG组心肌梗死面积,MPO活性,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论短期颈动脉压力感受器电刺激可减轻犬心肌缺血再灌注损伤,抑制中心粒细胞向缺血组织浸润以及抑制全身炎症反应,其机制与短期颈动脉压力感受器电刺激激活迷走神经的胆碱能抗炎通路有关。     

载平阳霉素离子交换型微球的药代动力学研究

目的探讨载平阳霉素离子交换型微球(PYM-MS)在兔体内的药代动力学特征。方法健康成年日本大耳白兔12只,雌雄各半,随机分为2组,每组6只。兔颈外动脉为实验模型,分别注射平阳霉素溶液(PYM)和PYM-MS。于2,5,10,20,40,60,90,120 min依次取血,处理血样,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定平阳霉素浓度,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,计算药代动力学参数。结果 PYM-MS组与PYM组相比,血药浓度-时间曲线下降缓慢;PYM-MS组Cmax(11.62±2.66)mg·L-1较PYM组的(58.96±4.51)mg·L-1小(P<0.01);PYM-MS组与PYM组的AUC分别为(221.06±31.33),(791.98±55.30)mg·L-1·min(P<0.01);PYM-MS组体内平均滞留时间(MRT0-60 min)延长,2组分别为(22.29±1.52),(14.20±1.24)min(P<0.01)。结论 PYM-MS有缓释作用,外周血药浓度低。     

Immunogenicity of MHC Class I Peptides Derived from Leishmania mexicana Gp63 in HLA-A2.1 Transgenic (HHDII) and BALB/C Mouse Models

Background

Leishmania is an intracellular parasite infecting humans and many wild and domestic animals. Recent studies have suggested an important role for cytotoxic T cells against Leishmania. Peptide-based vaccines targeting short sequences derived from known immunogenic proteins have been shown to elicit cellular immune responses against disparate pathogens.

Methods

We predicted four HLA-A2 peptides derived from L. mexican/major gp63 and tested these in HHD II mice, as well as four peptides for mouse MHC class I from the same proteins tested in BALB/ mice.

Results

The results revealed immunogenicity for three of the four peptides predicted for HLA-A2. Immunisation with these peptides, along with IFA, induced CTL responses detected by standard 4-hour cytotoxicity assay and significantly upregulated the production of IFN-γ. When HHDII mice were injected IM with L. mexicana gp63 cDNA and splenocytes were restimulated with blasts loaded with the immunogenic peptides, two of the peptides were able to induce significant level of IFN-γ detected by ELISA. None of the peptides predicted for Balb/c mouse MHC class I elicited CTL activity or significantly upregulated the IFN-γ.

Conclusion

The results may help in developing a peptide-based vaccine, which can be applied alone or in combination with drugs against Leishmania.     

恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面蛋白1 EGF2结构域的表达及免疫反应特点

目的制备恶性疟原虫红内期抗原MSP1C-末端EGF2区域,用于分析该区域在自然感染条件下的免疫应答特点。方法制备恶性疟原虫裂殖体表面蛋白1(MSP1)C-末端的EGF2片段,并将其与谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)片段融合,通过电转化整合入毕氏酵母的基因组,进行诱导表达,纯化表达产物,并对其免疫特性进行初步分析。结果初始对单个EGF2片段表达未成功,与GST片段融合后检测到表达,经过Ni柱浓缩纯化的诱导表达上清,经SDS-PAGE分析在33kDa处出现表达的蛋白条带,经Western blot检测表明该蛋白为所需的目的蛋白;ELISA结果表明GST-EGF2重组蛋白能够与免疫兔血清反应,且平均抗体滴度可达5981。结论利用毕氏酵母表达系统表达了EGF2结构域,并证明该蛋白能与特异抗体反应,可用于EGF2相关的疟疾保护性免疫的研究。