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51.
AB Rossi JJ Leyden AS Pappert A Ramaswamy A Nkengne R Ramaswamy M Nighland 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2011,25(4):398-402
Background Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common occurrence in patients with acne vulgaris, particularly in those with skin of colour. Aims A previous study has demonstrated the benefit of tretinoin (retinoic acid) in the treatment of PIH; however, there is currently no standard protocol to evaluate change in PIH following treatment. Based on these findings, we performed a pilot, exploratory, blinded, intraindividual‐controlled methodology study that consisted of a photographic assessment protocol with facial mapping. Materials and methods The study was based on a secondary analysis of a phase 4, community‐based trial of 544 acne patients who were treated with tretinoin gel microsphere 0.04% or 0.1%. Only patients with Fitzpatrick types III–V (skin of colour) were included in the study; subjects with Fitzpatrick skin type VI were excluded because the photographic assessment did not allow for proper evaluation. Results Despite the small number of subjects evaluated (n = 25), the results revealed consistent assessment of improvement in PIH between two independent graders (weighted κ = 0.84). Conclusion Further study with a larger population is recommended to validate the accuracy of this method. 相似文献
52.
Walid H. El-Tantawy Heba F. Salem Nirmeen A. S. Mohammed Safwat 《Pharmacy World & Science》2007,29(3):190-198
Objectives To study the clinical efficacy of Triclabendazole (TCBZ) on Egyptian patients infected with Fasciola and understand the effect
of Fascioliasis on the pharmacokinetics of TCBZ.
Methods The pharmacokinetics of TCBZ administered as a single oral dose (10 mg/kg) was investigated in both infected and parasite––free
Egyptian subjects. After oral administration, TCBZ is metabolized to a sulphone and sulfoxide derivatives. The latter is responsible
for the fasciolicidal activity of TCBZ, and it could be used as a marker of drug bioavailability. Blood samples were collected
following the oral administration, and TCBZ sulfoxide plasma concentrations were determined by a sensitive and specific HPLC
method.
Results Pharmacokinetic parameters (C
max, AUC0–48,
t
1/2 and t
max) for TCBZ sulfoxide were calculated. In patients; the mean C
max was 9.11 ± 1.3 μg/ml, the mean AUC (0–48) was 91 ± 10.5 μg h ml−1, the mean t
1/2 was 7.4 ± 0.6 h, and the t
max was 3.0 ± 0.4 h. In normal subjects, the mean C
max was 8.48 ± 0.92 μg/ml, the mean AUC(0–48) was 85 ± 6.55 μg h ml−1, the mean t
1/2 was 6.2 ± 0.357 h, and the t
max was 3 ± 0.4 h. No significant difference could be detected in the patients as compared to normal subjects, which would suggest
that Fascioliasis does not affect any of the studied parameters.
No eggs in faeces could be detected following TCBZ treatment. Also, most of the clinical investigations showed significant
decline back to the normal ranges post-treatment which indicates complete curing and high TCBZ efficacy.
Conclusion Fasioliasis as an infective condition widely spread in Egypt has no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of
the orally administered TCBZ and at the same time it is very effective against the parasite which strongly and safely suggests
the use of this medication for the treatment of this infection. 相似文献
53.
A Papadopoulou MO Rawashdeh GA Brown AS McNeish IW Booth 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1995,84(1):79-83
The short- and long-term effects of an elemental diet in children with acute Crohn's disease were compared with those of prednisolone in historical controls. Clinical remission was induced in 25 of 30 and in 18 of 28 episodes treated for six weeks with an elemental diet and prednisolone. Patients with proximal disease had longer remission after treatment with an elemental diet (p < 0.05) than did patients with colonic disease after treatment with prednisolone (p < 0.01). Disease activity index score improved in both groups compared with the pretreatment scores (p < 0.05). However, the improvement in the elemental diet group was significantly better than in the prednisolone group (p < 0.001). Changes in linear growth were better after treatment with an elemental diet compared with steroids (p < 0.001). Serum albumin and haematocrit concentrations all improved significantly in the children treated with an elemental diet (p < 0.001) but not in those treated with steroids. Thus an elemental diet was better than prednisolone in proximal disease and confirmed improved growth and nutritional status. 相似文献
54.
IJ Griffin TJ Cole KA Duncan AS Hollman MDC Donaldson 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1995,84(5):544-549
Recently produced reference curves for various ultrasound dimensions were used to retrospectively assess 67 pelvic ultrasound scans carried out at the initial presentation in girls with sexual precocity. At presentation the group with precocious puberty had significantly increased uterine lengths and ovarian volumes compared with the normal population, and a significantly increased fundal–cervical ratio. Ovarian volume was also significantly increased in thelarche and thelarche variant. The fundal–cervical ratio was significantly increased in thelarche variant. There was considerable overlap between individuals with sexual precocity and normal subjects. The ultrasound findings that best discriminated early or precocious puberty from other forms of sexual precocity were the presence of a midline endometrial echo, and a uterine length above the 97th centile for age. An entirely normal pelvic ultrasound at presentation did not rule out the possibility of precocious puberty. 相似文献
55.
We report 8 infants with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to foods (milk, egg, or peanut), occurring at the first-known exposure. Each developed symptoms within the first hour, but these generally settled within 2 hours. Sensitisation to the food concerned was demonstrated by positive immediate allergen skin prick tests in every case. Symptoms experienced included irritability, erythematous rash, urticaria, angio-oedema, vomiting, rhinorrhoea, and cough. Five infants were being followed prospectively and 4 were clinically tolerant of the food by age 16 months. The most likely route of sensitisation was via breast milk. None of the infants experienced similar reactions while being breast fed, suggesting that the reaction was dose dependent. As 5 out of a group of 80 infants being followed prospectively developed an immediate reaction at their first known exposure to a food, this appeared to be a not uncommon presentation of food hypersensitivity in infancy. 相似文献
56.
Charles AS Karamagi James K Tumwine Thorkild Tylleskar Kristian Heggenhougen 《BMC international health and human rights》2006,6(1):6-10
Background
Uganda began to implement the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programme in 2000, and by the end of 2003 it had expanded to cover 38 of the 56 districts including Mbale District. However, reports from Mbale Hospital showed that less than 10% of pregnant women accepted antenatal HIV testing. We therefore conducted a study to determine the proportion of pregnant women who tested for HIV and the gaps and barriers in PMTCT implementation. 相似文献57.
58.
59.
This paper describes the application of the novel non-radioactivetechnique for studying the sequence selectivity of selectedalkylating agents. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) were chosen from the SN1 group of alkylating agents.Dimethyl sulphate (DMS) was used to represent alkylation profileproduced by the SN2 compounds. Results of SN1 compounds indicatedthat in a run (G)3 the latter two Gs are more susceptible toalkylation than the most 5' G. Moreover, in a GG sequence the3' G seems to be more alkylated. This effect is more evidentwhen the GG site was preceded by a 5' pyrimidine. These findingssuggest that a regio-selective mechanism, rather than the formationof diazonium ions, accounts for DNA alkylation by SNl compounds.On the other hand, DMS showed preferential alkylation of the5' end in a (G)3 run. However, at GG sequences no clear preferredsite of alkylation could be distinguished. Lack of specificityof SN2 compound would seem to suggest that other factors aswell as the primary DNA structure may play a role in determiningthe extent of alkylation at a certain site. 相似文献
60.
AS Grumach RC Carmona D Lazarotti MA Ribeiro RB Rozentraub ML Racz A Weinberg MMS Carneiro-Sampaio 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1993,82(3):284-290
Breast milk samples from three groups of Brazilian women were evaluated: G1, mothers delivering term babies of low birth weight (n=16); G2, mothers delivering preterm babies of appropriate birth weight (n = 20); G3, mothers delivering term babies of appropriate birth weight ( n = 30). Milk samples were obtained at 48 h and on the 7th, 15th, 30th and 60th days after delivery and they were analyzed for lysozyme and total IgA levels and for the presence of specific antibodies against Poliovirus types I, II, III, Rotavirus, Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster and Cytomegalovirus. The groups were not statistically different in relation to mother's age, parity, type of delivery or socio-economic levels. IgA levels were higher in both low-birth-weight groups (G1 & G2) compared to the control group (G3) throughout the study period. Lysozyme levels decreased up to the 15th day, increasing thereafter up to the 60th day in all groups. Specific antibodies were detected throughout the study period, with no differences among groups. We conclude that breast milk composition of mothers delivering low-birth-weight babies (G1 & G2) was similar despite the different gestational ages. 相似文献