Role of radiology in the treatment of malignant hilar biliary strictures 2: 10 years of single‐institution experience with percutaneous treatment

We reviewed the results of percutaneous intervention of hilar biliary malignancy over a 10‐year period at a single institution: the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Ninety‐nine patients (100 treated in total) were included. Information was retrieved by retrospective examination of patient notes and radiology, combined with interviews with family and relevant physicians. Sixty‐nine patients were treated with insertion of semipermanent stents, 19 had external drain tubes, and 25 received percutaneous access for Iridium brachytherapy. Adequate drainage was achieved in 87% of the patients stented, and percutaneous access was successful in 96% of patients planned for brachytherapy. Of those patients undergoing endoprosthesis insertion, early complications occurred in 39% and late complications in 23%. Average survival for the entire patient population was 227.3 days, with a median of 167 days. Longer survival times (213 vs 142 days) and lower complication rates (44 vs 64%) are observed with metal stents in comparison with plastic stents. Percutaneous intervention is an important treatment option in hilar biliary malignancy, particularly in patients unfit for surgery. Reasonable survival with good palliation is the most common outcome, and most patients do not require further intervention.     

跌打丸的质量标准探讨

目的: 研究跌打丸的质量标准.方法: 建立了三七、白芍与赤芍、牡丹皮的薄层色谱鉴别和丹皮酚紫外分光光度含量测定法.结果: 定性方法能检出三七、白芍与赤芍、牡丹皮.丹皮酚含量测定的平均回收率为99.4%,RSD=1.1%.结论: 该方法适用于跌打丸的质量控制.     

中药脑肺康对地鼠实验性肺气肿及肺动脉高压的防治作用

目的 观察中药肺康对缺氧性肺动脉高压和肺气肿的防治效果并探讨其作用机制。方法 以弹性蛋白酶溶液滴注入金黄地鼠气管内,正常饲养３０ｄ后,常压下缺氧１５ｄ,分别设立中药脑肺康预防组、治疗组、肺气肿＋缺氧组及正常对照组。于处死动物前,测量平均肺动脉压,取静脉血进行循环内皮细胞计数;处死后测量右心肥大指数,光镜下计数左侧肺支气管肺泡灌洗液内细胞总数,对右侧肺进行光镜图像分析。结果 中药脑肺康预防组和治疗３     

Early infant feeding and growth status of US-born infants and children aged 4-71 mo: analyses from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994

BACKGROUND: There is controversy over what growth references to use in evaluating breast-fed infants and concern about whether never-breast-fed infants are at risk of overweight in childhood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether infants who are exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo differ in average size from infants who are fed in other ways and whether such differences persist through age 5 y. DESIGN: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were linked to birth certificates of US-born infants and children. Feeding groups were defined on the basis of feeding patterns over the first 4 mo of life: exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo, partially breast-fed, breast-fed for <4 mo, and never breast-fed. Growth status, indexed as internally derived z scores (SD units) for weight, length (height), weight-for-length (height), midupper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness, was compared among feeding groups. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 5594 non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American infants and children aged 4-71 mo. Of these, 21% were exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo, 10% were partially breast-fed, 24% were breast-fed for <4 mo, and 45% were never breast-fed. At 8-11 mo, infants who were exclusively breast-fed for4 mo had adjusted mean z scores for weight (-0.21; -0.2 kg), weight-for-length (-0.27), and midupper arm circumference (-0.15) that differed significantly from zero (P < 0. 05). By 12-23 mo, the differences had dissipated; there were no significant differences subsequent to 5 y. Triceps skinfold thickness was not related to early infant feeding. CONCLUSION: Infants who were exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo weighed less at 8-11 mo than did infants who were fed in other ways, but there were few other significant differences in growth status through age 5 y associated with early infant feeding.     

γ—干扰素对喉癌细胞株HEP—2增殖活性的影响

用单克隆抗体Ｋｉ－６７（抗ＰＣＮＡ），以链霉菌素－生物素技术（ＬＳＡＢ）检测喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达。人重组γ－干扰素（ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ）抑制ＰＣＮＡ表达（即抗增殖活性）强弱与其剂量有关；雌激素对ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ抗增殖作用无影响。提示：ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ对喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２有抗增殖作用，因而在喉癌的治疗中具有应用价值的。     

Isolation and characterization of propagable cell lines (HUNC) from the androgen-sensitive Dunning R3327H rat prostatic adenocarcinoma

The Dunning H rat prostate tumor (R3327H) is a widely used experimental model of human prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP). The Dunning H tumor has been characterized as androgen-sensitive, androgen-receptor (AR) positive, prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) positive. To date, the tumor has been maintained by serial passage in vivo because of the lack of an in vitro cell line that retains the characteristics of the in vivo tumor. The objective of the present study was to establish a propagable cell line from R3327H adenocarcinoma that maintained androgen sensitivity and expression of AR, PSA and PAP. Tissue harvested from an in vivo R3327H tumor was dissociated with collagenase and placed into Richter's improved media (with supplements). A cytokeratin-positive epithelial cell line (HUNC- E) and a vimentin-positive stromal cell line (HUNC-S) were generated from the primary culture, subcultured continuously for >300 days, and passaged >50 times. Survival of the HUNC-E cell line in vitro depended on several media supplements, including nicotinamide, insulin, transferrin, selenium and epidermal growth factor (EGF). HUNC-E cells expressed AR and produced PSA and PAP throughout the culture period, as confirmed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses. Addition of 14 nM testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to HUNC-E cells, stimulated DNA synthesis as well as anchorage-independent growth and PSA production, which demonstrated the androgen-sensitive nature of the cells in vitro. When HUNC-E and HUNC-S cells were combined in a 3:1 ratio and introduced subcutaneously into syngeneic male hosts, tumors formed in 2/3 animals with an average latency of 7 months. RT-PCR and immunocytochemical characterization of the HUNC cell lines revealed that the cells expressed several growth factors and their cognate receptors, including HGF, TGF-alpha and the TGF-betas, indicating the establishment of potential autocrine loops in the neoplastic cells. The HUNC-E and HUNC-S CaP cell lines, which retain the characteristics of the epithelial and stromal components of the in vivo R3327H tumor, will allow a more thorough and informative molecular and biological analysis of prostatic adenocarcinoma.      

Detection of p21WAF1/Cip1 in brain metastases

The p21^WAF1/Cip1 (p21) protein, a negative regulator of G₁ checkpoint control, was overexpressed in the majority of human gliomas. To investigate whether p21 expression in brain metastases from various systemic origins is similar to that in gliomas and whether p21 expression is regulated differently in brain metastases and in corresponding primary tumors, we used immunohistochemical staining to examine the expression of p21 in paraffin-embedded sections prepared from primary colon and breast carcinomas and from metastatic brain tumors that originated from colon, breast, lung, and kidney cancers and from melanoma. Our results showed that 56% (28 of 50) of the brain metastases samples have more than 1% p21-positive staining cells compared with 87% of primary gliomas reported previously. Among the samples analyzed, p21 expression in brain metastases from breast carcinomas was much higher than in primary breast carcinomas. In contrast, p21 expression in brain metastases from colon carcinomas was less than primary colon carcinomas. The results from this pilot study suggest that p21 expression is regulated differently in metastatic and primary tumors.     

IMAF方案治疗复杂转移性乳腺癌疗效观察

为了评价异环磷酰胺，美斯纳，阿霉素和５－氟脲嘧啶联治疗复发转移性乳癌的疗效。对乳腺癌根治术后接受常规ＣＭＦ辅助化疗和放疗后，在２ａ内出现复发转移的２６例患者应用ＩＭＡＦ方案化疗。结果完全缓解４例，部分缓解１２例，总有效率为６１．５％。毒副反应主要为恶性心呕吐、骨髓抑制，脱发和镜下血尿。结果表明ＩＭＡＦ方案是治疗复发转移性乳腺癌疗效较好的方案。     

妊娠期大鼠摄入氟化物对子代鼠血液和骨氟浓度的影响

目的:观察孕期大鼠摄入不同剂量的氟之后,对子代鼠血液和骨氟浓度及软骨细胞和骨关节结构的影响,以探索通过妊娠期母体给氟预防乳牙龋齿的新途径。方法:给妊娠SD大鼠分别用N aF按1 m g/kg体重、10 m g/kg体重和50 m g/kg体重灌胃至分娩,并用0.9%N aC l灌胃作为对照组。结果:①实验组各组子鼠血清中的氟化物含量均较对照组高(P<0.01);并且与母鼠摄入的氟剂量呈正相关。②在中、高剂量组子鼠上肢骨骨氟的含量明显高于对照组。③在高剂量组子鼠的上肢骨切片中可见软骨细胞和关节结构的破坏。结论:①妊娠期母体摄入的氟化物可进入其子体体内。②当母鼠摄入的氟化物剂量过高时,可引起骨组织的毒性损害。