Optimizing prediction of new-baseline glomerular filtration rate after radical nephrectomy: are algorithms really necessary?

International Urology and Nephrology - Radical nephrectomy (RN) is an important consideration for the management of localized renal-cell-carcinoma (RCC) whenever the tumor appears aggressive,...     

Characterization of immobilized tyrosinase – an enzyme that is stable in organic solvent at 100 °C

Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues, which catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments. In organic solvent, tyrosinase can convert N-acetyl-l-tyrosine ethyl ester (insoluble in aqueous) to a derivative of l-dopamine (a drug used for the treatment of Parkinson''s disease). Thus, the performances of tyrosinase in organic solvent have attracted scientific attention since 1980. In this work, we investigated the stability of immobilized tyrosinase at high temperature in anhydrous organic solvent. Triethylaminoethyl cellulose (TEAE-Cellulose) performed the best out of six immobilization platforms. The dry immobilized tyrosinase became extremely thermostable in organic solvent, and the half-life of the dry immobilized tyrosinase in organic solvent is strongly related to the polarity of the organic solvent than their log P value. The immobilized tyrosinase loses its activity instantaneously in aqueous solution at 100 °C, but it keeps enzymatic activity within 10 min in hydrophilic methanol and over one month in hydrophobic hexane (log P: 4.66, non-polar) even incubating at 100 °C. This research provides valuable information for the design of new biocatalysts.

Immobilized tyrosinase in hexane can withstand 100 °C over one week, and the half-life of the dry immobilized tyrosinase in organic solvent is strongly related to the polarity of the organic solvent.     

Is viral E6 oncoprotein a viable target? A critical analysis in the context of cervical cancer

An understanding of the pathology of cervical cancer (CC) mediated by E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) was developed by late 80's. But if we look at the present scenario, not a single drug could be developed to inhibit these oncoproteins and in turn, be used specifically for the treatment of CC. The readers are advised not to presume the “viability of E6 protein” as mentioned in the title relates to just druggability of E6. The viability aspect will cover almost everything a researcher should know to develop E6 inhibitors until the preclinical stage. Herein, we have analysed the achievements and shortcomings of the scientific community in the last four decades in targeting HPV E6 against CC. Role of all HPV proteins has been briefly described for better perspective with a little detailed discussion of the role of E6. We have reviewed the articles from 1985 onward, reporting in vitro inhibition of E6. Recently, many computational studies have reported potent E6 inhibitors and these have also been reviewed. Subsequently, a critical analysis has been reported to cover the in vitro assay protocols and in vivo models to develop E6 inhibitors. A paragraph has been devoted to the role of public policy to fight CC employing vaccines and whether the vaccine against HPV has quenched the zeal to develop drugs against it. The review concludes with the challenges and the way forward.     

Fear of cancer recurrence among cancer survivors in Singapore

INTRODUCTIONFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) among cancer survivors is a persistent and distressing psychosocial concern that affects recovery and quality of life. The prevalence of FCR in Singapore is unknown. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine FCR and identify factors associated with FCR in mixed-cancer survivors locally.METHODSCancer survivors in remission (n = 404) were assessed for: FCR using the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI); emotional distress using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; and quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. Clinical and severe/pathological FCR was determined based on the severity scale of FCRI, known as FCRI-Short Form. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine factors associated with FCR.RESULTSThe mean score on the FCRI was 59.5 ± 30.4. 43.6% of cancer survivors had clinical FCR and 32.1% had severe/pathological FCR. Younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.952, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.911–0.995, p < 0.05), higher educational status (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.15–5.65, p < 0.05) and higher levels of emotional distress (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10–1.24, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with severe/pathological levels of FCR.CONCLUSIONThe present study is the first to determine levels of FCR among cancer survivors in Singapore. While the total FCR scores were similar to those of international studies, severe/pathological levels of FCR were found to be four times higher. These findings highlight a problem that is not widely recognised or acknowledged, but which deserves greater attention.     

Prevalence and abuse of psychoactive substances in children and adolescents

The present study has been carried out in the slum areas of Gorakhpur city, covering a population of 10,187 in the four colleges of Gorakhpur. Five hundred and eighty children and adolescents in urban slums, and 750 college students between 10–18 years were studied by means of a questionnaire card for detection of prevalence rate and various others co-relates of abuse of psychoactive substances. Overall, prevalence of abuse of psychoactive substances was 25% in slum areas, and 18% in college students. Abuse of tobacco was most frequent (50.3% & 72.5%) followed by that of alcohol (11.7% & 16.2%) in both the groups respectively. Cannabis was also used by some children (0.6%). More abusers were from Hindu families with low educational status and low family income. Surprisingly no one was found to be abusing tablets and street drugs.     

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome in two brothers

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is a disorder of keratinization transmitted probably in an autosomal recessive fashion. Two brothers aged 7 and 4 1/2 years, of this syndrome is reported. Both had palmo-plantar keratoderma, early loss of teeth along with involvement of knees and elbows. There was no history of consanguinity between parents.