腔镜辅助下与全腔镜甲状腺切除术的对比分析

目的:对比腔镜辅助下(video-assisted thyroidectomy,VAT)与全腔镜甲状腺切除术(total en-doscopic thyroidectomy,TET)的手术特点.方法:回顾性分析行胸骨切迹上径路颈部小切口VAT 65例和胸前壁径路TET 59例的临床资料.比较2种术式的手术时间、术中失血量、疼痛评分、术后住院时间、并发症和复发率.结果:120例手术成功,4例(VAT和TET组各2例)中转开放手术.VAT组和TET组手术时间分别为(44.15±12.11)min和(115.42±28.36)min,术中失血量分别为(9.54±4.21)mL和(20.68±7.40)mL,疼痛评分分别为3.62±0.93和5.37±0.90,术后住院时间分别为(3.31±0.86)d和(5.31±0.79)d,术后并发症发生率分别为1.54%和15.25%,2组差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05).2组术后均无继发出血、永久性声嘶、低血钙等并发症.随访3～37个月,平均17.17个月,复发3例,其中VAT组1例,TET组2例,两组复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:2种腔镜手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤均安全有效.与TET相比,VAT技术难度较低,并发症较少,并具有创伤小、恢复快、术后疼痛轻等优点,是可选择的手术方式之一.     

Acute surgical removal of low-grade (Spetzler-Martin I-II) bleeding arteriovenous malformations

Background

Early surgical removal of cerebral AVMs is a relatively infrequent therapeutic option when dealing with a cerebral hemorrhage caused by AVM rupture: even in the case of low-grade AVMs, delayed treatment is, if possible, preferred because it is considered safer for patients and more comfortable for surgeons. To assess whether acute surgery may be a safe and effective management, we conducted a retrospective analysis of our early surgery strategy for ruptured low-grade AVMs.

Methods

We reviewed 27 patients with SM grade I-II AVM treated during 2004 to 2008 in the acute stage of bleeding (within the first 6 days after bleed). All patients showed a cerebral AVM on DSA at admission, and surgical removal was controlled by postoperative angiography. Neurological outcomes were assessed with GOS. The average length of follow-up was 22 months (48-3 months).

Results

Before surgery, 16 (59%) patients showed a GCS of 8 or less, 2 of them presenting an acute rebleeding after first hemorrhage. All patients underwent radical AVM surgical removal and hematoma evacuation in a single-stage procedure. Most patients (78%) were operated within the first day of hemorrhage. A favorable functional outcome (GOS: good recovery or moderate disability) was observed in 23 patients (85%). Mortality was 7.4%. Outcome was not significantly correlated with GCS at presentation and with presence of preoperative anisocoria.

Conclusions

Early surgery for grade I-II AVMs is a safe and definitive treatment, achieving both immediate cerebral decompression and patient protection against rebleeding, reducing time of hospital stay and allowing a more rapid rehabilitative course whenever necessary.     

上颌前牙单牙即刻非功能性负重种植的临床研究

目的探讨上颌前牙美观区单牙即刻非功能性负重人工牙种植的临床效果。方法对26例26颗上颌前牙种植者,在置入种植体的同时,接入临时基台行复合树脂暂时冠临时修复,2～6个月后,更换永久性烤瓷冠修复体。结果种植体置入后,随访12-72个月,没有种植体丢失。前12个月平均边缘骨丧失为0．78mm,随访期内,累积平均骨丧失为1．17mm。结论严格掌握适应证,上颌前牙单牙即刻非功能负重种植,能满足患者临时的美观需求,临床效果良好。     

生物合成与细胞凋亡在胶原-壳聚糖真皮支架修复创面中的作用和机制

目的 探讨胶原一壳聚糖真皮支架在修复全层皮肤缺损的生物合成和细胞凋亡机制,并明确支架植入修复创面与无支架植入的瘢痕修复创面的区别.方法 将胶原-壳聚糖,硅橡胶双层人工真皮支架移植于猪全层皮肤缺损创面,对植入后1、2、3周及植入支架2周加植表皮后2周的创面和修复情况进行观察.同时,通过免疫组织化学、末端脱氧核苷酸介导的生物素化的脱氧尿嘧啶DNA切口末端标记、天狼猩红染色方法,对不同时间的创面的TGF-β1.的表达、细胞凋亡发生情况以及支架自身胶原替代进行检测和观察.以不植入支架的创面为对照.结果 ①实验组创面与正常肉芽组织不同.②TGF-β1在实验组表达高峰在支架植入后1、2周,3-4周持续下降;在对照组中,1～3周的创面持续升高,4周下降.组问比较,1、2周实验组明显高于相应对照组,3、4周实验组明显低于相应对照组.③实验组植入支架后2-4周,细胞凋亡持续增多;对照组3-4周创面细胞凋亡持续增多.组间比较,l周两者差异无统计学意义,2-4周实验组显著高于相应对照组.④天狼猩红染色观察:实验组1周,自身胶原已开始合成,2-3周基本完成支架自身胶原替代.结论 胶原-壳聚糖真皮支架在伤口愈合中有明显作用,其修复创面的机制与自然的肉芽或瘢痕修复不同.     

血管腔内成形术联合自体外周血干细胞注射治疗下肢缺血性疾病

目的 研究血管腔内成形术(pereutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)联合自体外周血干细胞(peripheral blood stem cells,PBSC)注射治疗下肢缺血性疾病的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年3月至2008年6月收治的的82例患下肢缺血性疾病患者的临床资料,治疗组42例下肢缺血性疾病患者行PTA术联合自体PBSC注射治疗,对照组40例患者行单纯PTA术,比较两种方法之疗效.结果 所有患者顺利接受治疗.治疗组ABI由术前0.32±0.11提高至术后第3个月的0.50±0.14和术后第6个月的0.49±0.13(t=-6.765和-6.040,P＜0.05),TcPO_2由术前(26.1±2.3)mm Hg提高至术后第3个月的(32.7±4.2)mm Hg和术后第6个月的(34.5±2.7)mm Hg(t=-8.901和-14.250,P＜0.05),对照组ABI由术前0.30±0.12提高至术后的0.47±0.15及0.47±0.13(t=-5.631和-5.873,P＜0.05),TcPO_2由术前(25.9±2.4)mm Hg提高至术后第3个月的(28.9±2.9)mm Hg及术后第6个月的(28.9±2.1)mm Hg(t=-5.090和-5.389,P＜0.05).治疗组术后TcPO_2高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 PTA和自体PBSC注射是治疗缺血性下肢血管病有效的手段,自体PBSC注射有持续性升高TcPO_2的作用,两者的联合运用效果优于单纯PTA术.     

组织特异性胞嘧啶脱氨酶和5-氟胞嘧啶热化疗对裸鼠结肠癌肝脏转移的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of tissue specific cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) thermotherapy on hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma in nude mice. Methods Forty-five nude mice were randomly divided into control group, 5-FC group and 5-FC thermotherapy group according to the random number table (15 mice in each group). Mice models of hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma were established by portal vein injection of LoVo/CEACD cells. The hepatic metastasis rate and number of metastatic nodules of the 3 groups were compared by ehi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The pathological changes in tumor tissues and apoptotic index of tumor cells were observed. The expression of the CD gene in tumor tissues was detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Results The number of metastatic nodules and liver metas-tasis rate were 4.6±1.3 and 100.0% in control group, 2.2±1.0 and 60.0% in 5-FC group, 0.5±0.8 and 13.3% in 5-FC thermotherapy group, with statistical difference among the 3 groups (F=25.898, χ2=5.208, 19.548, 5.168, P<0.05). The mean apoptotic indexes of tumor cells of the 3 groups were 4.6%, 9.9% and 17.4%, respectively. Vacuolar degeneration, cell necrosis, cytolysis and apoptotic bodies were mostly observed in the 5-FC thermotherapy group. The expression of CD gene in tumor tissue was detected in all the groups. Conclusion Tissue specific CD/5-FC thermotherapy has inhibitory effects on the hepatic metastasis of LoVo cells transfected with CD gene.     

Resolution of hypophosphatemia is associated with recovery of hepatic function in children with fulminant hepatic failure

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a rare but often fatal disease in children. Clinical and laboratory predictors of liver regeneration and recovery, however, have not been well established. We hypothesized that hypophosphatemia may indicate recovery of liver synthetic function in children with FHF. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with FHF who were admitted to UCLA and recovered hepatic function either spontaneously or by liver transplantation (LTx). Serum phosphate (Ph) and prothrombin time or international normalized ratio (INR) were compared over the patient's clinical course. Records of 39 children who spontaneously recovered experienced profound hypophosphatemia that resolved as liver synthetic function improved. Similar patterns were seen in the 84 children who recovered after LTx. We found that hypophosphatemia precedes the recovery of liver synthetic function in children with FHF who recovered with or without transplantation, and that Ph levels return to normal as liver synthetic function improves. These data suggest that hypophosphatemia may be a useful laboratory indicator of recovering liver function in children with FHF.     

腹腔镜根治性直肠癌切除术的临床探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜行直肠癌根治术的手术方法、优点、适应证及近期临床效果。方法:2004年至2008年我院共施行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术103例,行Dixon手术38例,Miles手术65例。结果:手术均获成功,手术时间150～270min,术中出血50～600ml,无输尿管损伤、吻合口漏发生,无中转开腹,平均住院10～14d。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术对腹腔镜技术要求较高,安全可行,具有术野广、患者创伤小、术后肠功能恢复快、免疫干扰轻、术后康复快、住院时间短、手术并发症少,短期效果较理想等优点。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术14例中转开腹原因的分析

目的探讨如何提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成功率,减少并发症的发生率。方法对2002年7月~2004年8月间共439例腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析,研究中转开腹的原因和并发症的处理方式。结果本组LC439例中转开腹14例,中转率3.19%。其中主动中转开腹12例,肝总管横断1例,合并结肠肝曲肿瘤1例。术后4例发生胆漏。结论LC是胆囊良性疾病的首先术式。严格掌握LC的手术适应证,提高镜下操作技术,及时中转开腹,可减少术后并发症。     

医学八年制大学英语教学现状评估及改革展望

临床医学八年制是我国为培养具有一流国际交流能力和专业素养的医学博士生所设立的新兴专业。十余年来,我国关于临床医学八年制教学模式改良的研究大多针对专业课课程、科室轮转及医院实习,很少有文献关注通识教育阶段“大学英语”课程对后期双语专业课教学的影响。为弥补这个改革的盲点,文章通过问卷调查和实地采访、交谈,分别从学生、教师两个视角评估八年制通识教育阶段“大学英语”课程教学现状,剖析了该课程教学模式目前存在的问题并提出了可能的解决方案。