Development of a miniaturized and modular probe for fNIRS instrument

Lasers in Medical Science - Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive and promising method for continuously monitoring hemodynamic and metabolic changes in tissues. However,...     

Application of the Willis covered stent in the treatment of internal carotid artery blood blister-like aneurysms

The optimal treatment for blood blister-like aneurysm (BBA) has not yet been determined, and BBA has a high recurrence rate after stent-assisted embolization. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of patients with BBA rupture in the acute phase or patients with BBA who have recurrence after stent-assisted coil embolization. Eight patients (8 women, mean age 50.3?±?3.7 years) who presented with ruptured BBA or recurrence BBA that had been treated by stent-assisted embolization (5 patients after primary treatment of stent-assisted embolization) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical follow-up was performed at 1 year after endovascular treatment. All patients were successfully treated with the WCS, and immediate postoperative angiography showed that the aneurysms were completely isolated. The ophthalmic artery was covered by WCS in one patient; however, this patient did not show any clinical visual field or vision symptoms. Procedure-related complications such as aneurysm rupture, vasospasm, acute thrombosis, or thromboembolism did not occur in any case. All patients were followed up for 1 year after endovascular treatment, and they were in good condition without recurrence. One patient developed delayed bleeding at the right temporal lobe. All patients had good clinical prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score?≤?2). WCS implantation may be a safe and feasible strategy for patients with BBA rupture in the acute phase and patients with BBA who have recurrence after stent-assisted coil embolization and is a promising option worth exploring.

     

Observer design for stochastic time-delayed Markovian jump systems with incomplete transition rates and actuator saturation

This paper is concerned with observer design for stochastic time-delayed Markovian jump systems with incomplete transition rates and actuator saturation. By employing mode-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, an observer-based feedback controller is designed to guarantee stochastic stability of the corresponding closed-loop saturated system and an estimation of the domain of attraction in the mean square is expanded. The procedure of deriving observer gain matrices is converted into an optimization problem with constraints of a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the vertical take-off and landing helicopter model is given to demonstrate the validity of the main results.     

机器人辅助微创三角固定治疗单侧不稳定性骶骨骨折

目的比较机器人辅助微创入路与传统切开入路三角固定治疗单侧不稳定性骶骨骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年8月至2018年2月收治并获得完整随访的24例单侧不稳定性骶骨骨折患者资料。所有患者均合并骨盆前环损伤,均为AO C1.3型骨盆骨折,术前均接受神经核磁检查明确腰骶神经未被骨折断端或骨块卡压;骨盆损伤均一期采用前后联合固定,骶骨骨折采用三角固定。根据不同手术方法分为机器人辅助微创入路组[简称机器人组,12例,男10例,女2例;年龄(36.3±1.2)岁(范围,22~56岁);Dennis骶骨骨折分型,Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型8例;神经损伤2例,Gibbons分级Ⅱ级1例,Ⅲ级1例]和传统后正中切开入路组[简称切开组,12例,男11例,女1例;年龄(38.2±1.6)岁(范围,19~58岁);Dennis骶骨骨折分型,Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型9例;神经损伤3例,Gibbons分级Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级1例]。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、骨折愈合时间及Majeed功能评分采用t检验,Mears和Velyvis评价、内固定置入准确度、骨折愈合率采用卡方检验,术后感染率采用Fisher精确检验,Gibbons分级变化采用秩和检验。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间(21.2±3.2)个月(范围,14~36个月)。手术时间,机器人组为(100.3±14.5)min,切开组为(202.0±18.5)min;术中出血量,机器人组为(180.0±17.4)ml,切开组为(850.0±15.2)ml;术中透视时间,机器人组为(23.3±4.5)s(包括切开前机器人扫描定位图像时间);切开组为(90.0±7.7)s。Mears和Velyvis评价,机器人组解剖复位7例,满意4例,不满意1例;切开组解剖复位7例,满意4例,不满意1例;两组复位满意率均为91.7%(11/12)。两组均置入36枚螺钉,其中机器人组螺钉置入准确率100%,切开组螺钉置入准确率为77.78%(28/36)。两组骶骨骨折均愈合,愈合率100%;愈合时间,机器人组(8.5±1.9)个月,切开组(12.8±2.4)个月。Majeed评分,机器人组(86.2±3.4)分,其中优7例,良4例,可1例;切开组(84.2±2.7)分,其中优6例,良4例,可2例。机器人组术后均未出现伤口感染,切开组术后出现1例伤口深部感染,2例表浅感染,感染率为25%。Gibbons分级,机器人组1例由术前Ⅱ级恢复至术后Ⅰ级,1例Ⅲ级恢复至术后Ⅱ级;切开组2例由术前Ⅱ级恢复至术后Ⅰ级,1例Ⅲ级恢复至术后Ⅱ级。机器人组与切开组患者Gibbons分级变化、Mears和Velyvis评价、骨折愈合率、Majeed评分及术后伤口感染率无统计学差异(均P>0.05);而在手术时间(t=14.99)、术中透视时间(t=32.13)、术中出血量(t=100.46)、内固定置入准确率(χ2=9.00)及骨折愈合时间(t=4.87)方面,机器人组均优于切开组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论机器人辅助微创入路三角固定与传统切开固定相比,具有手术时间短、透视少、出血量小、内固定置入更为准确及骨折愈合时间短等优点,可作为治疗单侧不稳定性骶骨骨折的更优选择。     

Live birth after cervical ectopic uterus transplantation in mice

An ideal animal model is a prerequisite for the basic research of uterus transplantation. This study aimed to develop a new cervical ectopic uterus transplantation mice model, which was established by vascular anastomosis of the right common iliac artery and vein of the donor with the right common carotid artery and external jugular vein of the recipient, respectively, using the cuff method. The survival status of the transplanted uterus was assessed by macroscopic observation and histological examination after surgery, and the function of the graft uterus was tested by verifying whether the pregnancy is possible. A total of 40 transplants were performed, of which only 1 failed due to donor hemorrhage. After 26 transplants, the total operation time reduced to 52.4 ± 3.8 minutes, of which the total ischemia time took 6.6 ± 1.1 minutes. Sixty days after transplantation, all the graft uteri had a good blood supply and spontaneous contraction. The histology showed no significant difference between the transplanted uterus and the native. Embryo transfer experiments have proven that the transplanted uterus has uterine function. In conclusion, this new model is an effective and simple mice model for the studies of the scientific issues related to uterus transplantation.     

Extracellular vesicles derived from injured vascular tissue promote the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in vascular allografts

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) accumulate at sites of chronic injury where they function as an ectopic germinal center, fostering local autoimmune responses. Vascular injury leads to the release of endothelial‐derived apoptotic exosome‐like vesicles (ApoExo) that contribute to rejection in transplanted organs. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of ApoExo on TLS formation in a model of vascular allograft rejection. Mice transplanted with an allogeneic aortic transplant were injected with ApoExo. The formation of TLS was significantly increased by ApoExo injection along with vascular remodeling and increased levels of antinuclear antibodies and anti‐perlecan/LG3 autoantibodies. ApoExo also enhanced allograft infiltration by γδT17 cells. Recipients deficient in γδT cells showed reduced TLS formation and lower autoantibodies levels following ApoExo injection. ApoExo are characterized by proteasome activity, which can be blocked by bortezomib. Bortezomib treated ApoExo reduced the recruitment of γδT17 cells to the allograft, lowered TLS formation, and reduced autoantibody production. This study identifies vascular injury‐derived extracellular vesicles (ApoExo), as initiators of TLS formation and demonstrates the pivotal role of γδT17 in coordinating TLS formation and autoantibody production. Finally, our results suggest proteasome inhibition with bortezomib as a potential option for controlling TLS formation in rejected allografts.