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71.
Lieselotte Kirchner Valerie Jeitler Thomas Waldhör Arnold Pollak Martin Wald 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2009,98(6):981-984
Aim: To identify certain variables related to the infants' course that might have an impact on the mothers' decision to breastfeed.
Patients and Method: Retrospective survey including all patients <1500 g birth weight (BW) treated between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005 at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Medical University of Vienna who were not transferred to another hospital. Multiple regression analysis of the following variables was carried out: gestational age (GA), BW, length of stay (LOS), parity, singleton or multiple gestation, sex and severe morbidity.
Results: Of the 239 patients included, 142 (60%) were fed breast milk at the time of final discharge, 97 (40%) were fed formula. LOS was significantly correlated with the probability of being breastfed: the shorter it was, the higher was the probability of being breastfed at the time of final discharge (p = 0.0064 for singletons, p = 0.001 for multiples). Lower GA also increased the probability of being breastfed, but this was only statistically significant for multiples (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: This study shows clearly that the most important influencing factor on the mothers' decision to continue breastfeeding is the LOS. Thus more emphasis should be put on encouraging mothers to continue lactation throughout their babies' hospital stay. 相似文献
Patients and Method: Retrospective survey including all patients <1500 g birth weight (BW) treated between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005 at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Medical University of Vienna who were not transferred to another hospital. Multiple regression analysis of the following variables was carried out: gestational age (GA), BW, length of stay (LOS), parity, singleton or multiple gestation, sex and severe morbidity.
Results: Of the 239 patients included, 142 (60%) were fed breast milk at the time of final discharge, 97 (40%) were fed formula. LOS was significantly correlated with the probability of being breastfed: the shorter it was, the higher was the probability of being breastfed at the time of final discharge (p = 0.0064 for singletons, p = 0.001 for multiples). Lower GA also increased the probability of being breastfed, but this was only statistically significant for multiples (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: This study shows clearly that the most important influencing factor on the mothers' decision to continue breastfeeding is the LOS. Thus more emphasis should be put on encouraging mothers to continue lactation throughout their babies' hospital stay. 相似文献
72.
Nandakumar Narayanaswamy Surulivel Rajan Mallayasamy Anand R Manoharan SD Rajendiran 《The International journal of pharmacy practice》2007,15(1):69-73
Objective India is a country with the availability of a large number of pharmaceutical preparations as branded generics. At the time of this study there was no established pharmacovigilance system at the national level except a co‐ordinating centre at the national capital. The study site was a tertiary care teaching hospital with a bed capacity of 500 and with an average of 200 outpatient visits and 50 inpatient admissions per day. The hospital did not have any system of monitoring and documenting adverse drug reactions. The objective of the study was to introduce an adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring programme at a tertiary care teaching hospital and assess ADR‐related issues in both inpatient and outpatient departments. Method All departments willing to report ADRs were included in the study, which was carried out for one year. Physicians and nurses filled in the notification forms when they encountered suspected ADR cases. These cases were then assessed by a panel of four judges. According to Naranjo's algorithm, the ADRs were assessed and classified based on World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Key findings A total of 288 suspected cases were reported and 264 ADRs were confirmed by the panel. According to Naranjo's probability scale, 83 cases were categorized as ‘probable’, 181 cases were classified as ‘possible’, and none were classified as ‘unlikely’ or ‘definite’. The most common classes of drugs involved were antibiotics (25%), psychotropics (20%), analgesic and cardiovascular agents (14% each). Generalised itch and rash, tremors, urticarial drug reaction, oral ulcer, gastritis and akathesia and extrapyramidal symptoms were found to be the most common ADRs observed; 2.1% of the patients in the studied departments had ADRs. Conclusion The ADR reporting system was initiated at the hospital and was well received by the physicians. Appreciable participation of physicians was noted during the study in reporting ADRs. The study also gave an insight into the awareness of physicians about ADR‐related issues. The number of ADRs reported was reasonably comparable with the findings of other authors from India. 相似文献
73.
Genetic polymorphisms involved in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway in relation to mammographic breast density and IGF levels. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Caroline Diorio Jacques Brisson Sylvie Bérubé Michael Pollak 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2008,17(4):880-888
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway is believed to play a role in carcinogenesis of the mammary gland. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF receptor 1, insulin receptor substrate 1, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, beta polypeptide genes, which are members of the IGF pathway, have been associated with risk of common cancers, breast density, and/or IGF levels but results remain inconclusive. Thus, we evaluated the association of 11 targeted IGF pathway SNPs with circulating IGF levels and mammographic breast density. Among 741 white premenopausal women, blood samples were collected at time of screening mammography, and plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were measured by ELISA. Percent and absolute breast density were estimated using a computer-assisted method. Multivariate linear models were used to examine the associations. Women carrying increasing number of copies of the rare allele of IGF-I rs1520220 and rs6220 SNPs had increased percent breast density (P(trend) = 0.04 and 0.06, respectively). Carriers of increasing number of copies of the rare allele of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, beta polypeptide rs361072 SNP had decreased percent (P(trend) = 0.04) and absolute (P(trend) = 0.02) breast density. An association of insulin receptor substrate 1 rs1801278 SNP with absolute density (P(trend) = 0.03) was also observed. All four IGFBP-3 SNPs (including rs2854744) were associated with IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. This study shows that several components of the IGF pathway are associated with breast density or IGF levels. Our findings provide additional support for the idea that several components of the IGF pathway may affect breast cancer risk and that this effect on breast cancer development may be mediated, at least in part, through its influence on the morphogenesis of breast tissue. 相似文献
74.
Andrew W. Menzin M.D. Sidney Kobrin M.D. Eleanor Pollak M.D. David B. P. Goodman M.D. Ph.D. Stephen C. Rubin M.D. 《Gynecologic oncology》1995,58(3)
Objective: Serum assays for CA 125 are used to monitor disease status in patients undergoing treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer. While a number of benign gynecologic as well as benign and malignant nongynecologic conditions are associated with CA 125 elevations, the established "normal" range describes a healthy population of women. The metabolism and clearance of CA 125 is not well understood. Because mild degrees of renal impairment frequently occur in ovarian cancer patients, we investigated the effect of impaired renal function on basal CA 125 in a population of female dialysis patients. Methods: Twenty-five women on hemodialysis were selected at random. Patients ranged in age from 29 to 87 years. Renal disease was secondary in most cases to diabetes mellitus or hypertension. The creatinine clearance was less than 10 cc/min for all patients. The duration of dialysis ranged from 3 months to 14 years. Serum levels of CA 125 were measured using monoclonal antibodies in an immunoradiometric assay. Results: The mean of duplicate determinations for 23 of 25 (92%) patients fell within the normal range for otherwise healthy women (<35 U/ml). There was no apparent correlation between CA 125 level and age, menopausal status, BUN, serum creatinine, adequacy of dialysis, or primary underlying diagnosis. Of the 2 patients (8%) with CA 125 levels above the normal range, 1 was premenopausal and the other was postmenopausal; their CA 125 elevations were marginal (49.81 and 50.51). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that even marked renal insufficiency is not itself associated with significant elevations of CA 125 above the normal range selected for otherwise healthy women. The development of renal insufficiency during treatment for ovarian cancer should not alter the interpretation of serum levels of CA 125. 相似文献
75.
A M Pollak 《HNO》1983,31(12):440-442
The temporal bone histology of a 51 year old man who died of a fulminant otogenic meningitis is presented. The patient suffered from a transverse fracture of the skull base as a child. Temporal bone histology showed an unhealed fracture through the endochondrial layer of the bony labyrinth so that a pathway from the middle ear to the inside of the skull persisted throughout life. Therapy with high doses of antibiotics did not eliminate the risk of fatal meningitis. 相似文献
76.
Ibáñez P De Michele G Bonifati V Lohmann E Thobois S Pollak P Agid Y Heutink P Dürr A Brice A;French Parkinson's Disease Genetics Study Group 《Neurology》2003,61(10):1429-1431
The DJ-1 gene was identified as responsible for early onset autosomal recessive parkinsonism in two families (PARK7). In this study, after excluding mutations in the parkin gene, the authors screened a large series of early onset autosomal recessive parkinsonism families and consanguineous isolated patients of diverse geographic origins for DJ-1 mutations. No mutations were found. This indicates that PARK7 is not a common locus for early onset autosomal recessive parkinsonism, and that one or more new loci remains to be identified. 相似文献
77.
Zhu G Pollak L Mottagui-Tabar S Wahlestedt C Taubman J Virkkunen M Goldman D Heilig M 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2003,27(1):19-24
BACKGROUND: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a modulator of alcohol intake in animal models of alcoholism, and is potentially involved in alcohol dependence. A coding Leu7Pro polymorphism in the signal peptide of preproNPY has been described, and the Pro7 allele has been reported to correlate with increased alcohol consumption in non-dependent Finnish males. Recently, this polymorphism was also reported to be associated with an actual diagnosis of alcohol dependence. METHODS: We compared Pro7 allele frequencies in one Finnish (n = 135) and one Swedish (n = 472) population of alcohol dependent individuals, and ethnically matched controls (Finns: n = 213; Swedes: n = 177) in whom alcohol dependence was established, or any diagnosis of substance disorder was excluded, respectively, through the use of structured face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: Pro7 frequencies in alcoholics were 5.2 and 4.1% in Finns and Swedes, respectively, similar to the 5.0-5.5% recently reported in European Americans in a Yale study. However, corresponding frequencies in the control populations were similar, at 6.1 and 5.9% in Finns and Swedes, respectively, yielding no association, in contrast with the Yale study, where an association was reported based on a 2.0% Pro7 frequency in European American controls. A meta-analysis of available data yields Pro7 frequencies of 4.7% both in Caucasian alcoholics and Caucasian controls. CONCLUSIONS: Pro7 does not seem to be associated with a diagnosis of alcoholism in Caucasian populations. 相似文献
78.
Pollak KI Taiwo B Lyna P Baldwin M Lipkus IM Bepler G McBride CM 《Journal of community health》2002,27(6):381-393
Physician smoking cessation advice has been shown to be effective in encouraging patients to attempt cessation. Few studies have examined factors associated with patient-reported physician advice in an inner city community health clinic. Smokers identified via chart review and provider referral met with a study smoking specialist. Eligible participants self-identified as African American, smoked at least 1 cigarette per day in the prior 7 days, were 18 or older, had access to a telephone, and agreed to consider blood testing for genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. Of the 869 smokers identified, 487 were eligible and completed a brief in-person and a more extensive follow-up telephone survey within one week after their visit. Patient reports of smoking cessation advice by providers were regressed on patient demographic, smoking, health, and social support variables. Seventy percent of participants reported that they had been advised to quit smoking. Smokers who were older, did not smoke menthol cigarettes, were in poorer health, and who had a regular health care provider were most likely to report having received advice. Patients in this community health setting reported high rates of provider advice to quit smoking. Yet, even in this optimal condition, young healthy smokers did not report receiving advice, even when they were ready to quit smoking. Providers may need additional training and prompting to counsel young healthy smokers about the importance of cessation. 相似文献
79.
The present investigation covers 116 contact shots to the head and shots into the mouth from the Freiburg forensic autopsy material including 20 gunshot wounds which showed stretchmark-like tears of the facial skin away from the entrance wound. In these cases the gunshot entrance wounds were localised either in the mouth, the forehead, or the submental region. The stretchmark-like tears were found in the region of the eyes and the nasolabial folds. Radial tears were seen on the lips and in the vicinity of the corners of the mouth, particularly in cases involving shots into the mouth. The stretchmark-like tears essentially followed the skin tension lines and the expression-related lines of the face. They were apparently caused by the subcutaneous or intraoral expansion of the muzzle gases and/or the radial forces of the bullet resulting in ballooning and overextension of the facial soft tissues. The weapons used were not only rifles and shotguns, but also revolvers and pistols. 相似文献
80.