全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24520篇 |
免费 | 1576篇 |
国内免费 | 176篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 236篇 |
儿科学 | 524篇 |
妇产科学 | 468篇 |
基础医学 | 3661篇 |
口腔科学 | 259篇 |
临床医学 | 2329篇 |
内科学 | 6154篇 |
皮肤病学 | 364篇 |
神经病学 | 2124篇 |
特种医学 | 1075篇 |
外国民族医学 | 8篇 |
外科学 | 4222篇 |
综合类 | 69篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 1345篇 |
眼科学 | 211篇 |
药学 | 1363篇 |
中国医学 | 41篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1815篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 135篇 |
2022年 | 220篇 |
2021年 | 606篇 |
2020年 | 364篇 |
2019年 | 586篇 |
2018年 | 690篇 |
2017年 | 465篇 |
2016年 | 558篇 |
2015年 | 711篇 |
2014年 | 937篇 |
2013年 | 1204篇 |
2012年 | 1915篇 |
2011年 | 1889篇 |
2010年 | 1093篇 |
2009年 | 1102篇 |
2008年 | 1684篇 |
2007年 | 1698篇 |
2006年 | 1659篇 |
2005年 | 1703篇 |
2004年 | 1573篇 |
2003年 | 1480篇 |
2002年 | 1394篇 |
2001年 | 205篇 |
2000年 | 150篇 |
1999年 | 221篇 |
1998年 | 266篇 |
1997年 | 231篇 |
1996年 | 192篇 |
1995年 | 160篇 |
1994年 | 117篇 |
1993年 | 145篇 |
1992年 | 113篇 |
1991年 | 89篇 |
1990年 | 80篇 |
1989年 | 55篇 |
1988年 | 58篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 50篇 |
1985年 | 44篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 49篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1981年 | 48篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1979年 | 21篇 |
1978年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 18篇 |
1972年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
151.
Killing of Aspergillus fumigatus by alveolar macrophages is mediated by reactive oxidant intermediates
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Philippe B Ibrahim-Granet O Prévost MC Gougerot-Pocidalo MA Sanchez Perez M Van der Meeren A Latgé JP 《Infection and immunity》2003,71(6):3034-3042
Phagocytosis and mechanisms of killing of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by murine alveolar macrophages (AM), which are the main phagocytic cells of the innate immunity of the lung, were investigated. Engulfment of conidia by murine AM lasts 2 h. Killing of A. fumigatus conidia by AM begins after 6 h of phagocytosis. Swelling of the conidia inside the AM is a prerequisite for killing of conidia. The contributions of NADPH oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase to the conidicidal activity of AM were studied using AM from OF1, wild-type and congenic p47phox(-/-) 129Sv, and wild-type and congenic iNOS(-/-) C57BL/6 mice. AM from p47phox(-/-) mice were unable to kill A. fumigatus conidia. Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase that decreased the production of reactive oxidant intermediates inhibited the killing of A. fumigatus without altering the phagocytosis rate. In contrast to NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase does not play a role in killing of conidia. Corticosteroids did not alter the internalization of conidia by AM but did inhibit the production of reactive oxidant intermediates and the killing of A. fumigatus conidia by AM. Impairment of production of reactive oxidant intermediates by corticosteroids is responsible for the development of invasive aspergillosis in immunosuppressed mice. 相似文献
152.
Desmurget M Vindras P Gréa H Viviani P Grafton ST 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2000,134(3):363-377
Several perceptual studies have shown that the ability to estimate the location of the arm degrades quickly during visual occlusion. To account for this effect, it has been suggested that proprioception drifts when not continuously calibrated by vision. In the present study, we re-evaluated this hypothesis by isolating the proprioceptive component of position sense (i.e., the subjects were forced to rely exclusively on proprioception to locate their hand, which was not the case in earlier studies). Three experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, subjects were required to estimate the location of their unseen right hand, at rest, using a visual spot controlled by the left hand through a joystick. Results showed that the mean accuracy was identical whether the localization task was performed immediately after the positioning of the hand or after a 10-s delay. In experiments 2 and 3, subjects were required to point, without vision of their limb, to visual targets. These two experiments relied on the demonstration that biases in the perception of the initial hand location induced systematic variations of the movement characteristics (initial direction, final accuracy, end-point variability). For these motor tasks, the subjects did not pay attention to the initial hand location, which removed the possible occurrence of confounding cognitive strategies. Results indicated that movement characteristics were, on average, not affected when a 15-s or 20-s delay was introduced between the positioning of the arm at the starting point and the presentation of the target. When considered together, our results suggest that proprioception does not quickly drift in the absence of visual information. The potential origin of the discrepancy between our results and earlier studies is discussed. 相似文献
153.
Chronic diarrhea,hemorrhagic colitis,and hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with HEp-2 adherent Escherichia coli in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Bangui,Central African Republic
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Mossoro C Glaziou P Yassibanda S Lan NT Bekondi C Minssart P Bernier C Le Bouguénec C Germani Y 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2002,40(8):3086-3088
In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults from the Central African Republic, the occurrence of chronic diarrhea due to HEp-2 adherent Escherichia coli (EAEC) harboring virulence markers (eaeA, BFP, EAF, astA determinant of EAST/1, positive FAS test, enteropathogenic E. coli O serogroup) was shown to be associated with AIDS. We also show that EAEC that produce verotoxin (Stx2) but do not harbor the genetic markers for classical enterohemorrhagic E. coli are involved in hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in patients with HIV. 相似文献
154.
Daphné Lehalle Roberto Colombo Michael O'Grady Bénédicte Héron Nada Houcinat Paul Kuentz Sebastien Moutton Arthur Sorlin Julien Thevenon Julian Delanne Sebastien Gay Caroline Racine Aurore Garde Frédéric Tran Mau‐Them Christophe Philippe Antonio Vitobello Sophie Nambot Frédéric Huet Yannis Duffourd François Feillet Christel Thauvin‐Robinet Sandrine Marlin Laurence Faivre 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2019,179(9):1756-1763
Alpha‐mannosidosis (AM) is a very rare (prevalence: 1/500000 births) autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. It is characterized by multi‐systemic involvement associated with progressive intellectual disability, hearing loss, skeletal anomalies, and coarse facial features. The spectrum is wide, from very severe and lethal to a milder phenotype that usually progresses slowly. AM is caused by a deficiency of lysosomal alpha‐mannosidase. A diagnosis can be established by measuring the activity of lysosomal alpha‐mannosidase in leucocytes and screening for abnormal urinary excretion of mannose‐rich oligosaccharides. Genetic confirmation is obtained with the identification of MAN2B1 mutations. Enzyme replacement therapy (LAMZEDER) was approved for use in Europe in August 2018. Here, we describe seven individuals from four families, diagnosed at 3–23 years of age, and who were referred to a clinical geneticist for etiologic exploration of syndromic hearing loss, associated with moderate learning disabilities. Exome sequencing had been used to establish the molecular diagnosis in five cases, including a two‐sibling pair. In the remaining two patients, the diagnosis was obtained with screening of urinary oligosaccharides excretion and the association of deafness and hypotonia. These observations emphasize that the clinical diagnosis of AM can be challenging, and that it is likely an underdiagnosed rare cause of syndromic hearing loss. Exome sequencing can contribute significantly to the early diagnosis of these nonspecific mild phenotypes, with advantages for treatment and management. 相似文献
155.
Philippe Hup Cline Rouveirol Isabel Brito Pierre Neuvial Philippe La Rosa Eric Viara Nicolas Stransky Gaëlle Pierron Elodie Mani Caroline Brennetot Isabelle Jannoueix Nadge Gruel Alain Aurias Olivier Delattre Franois Radvanyi Emmanuel Barillot 《European journal of medical genetics》2005,48(4):467-468
156.
157.
158.
Detection of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus using a 5' nuclease assay with a fluorescent 3' minor groove binder-DNA probe 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The development of a real-time 5' nuclease RT-PCR assay for the detection of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) from infected plant material is described. A short fluorogenic 3' minor groove binder-DNA hydrolysis probe was used to circumvent genome variability between isolates and target a short conserved sequence. The covalent attachment of the minor groove binder moiety at the 3' end of the probe increased the probe/target duplex stability and raised the melting temperature to a range suitable for real-time analysis. The method is rapid, sensitive and takes place within a single tube without post-PCR handling of the amplification products. 相似文献
159.
Sebastiano Franscella Charles-Abram Favrod-Coune Gianpaolo Pizzolato Sylvia L. Asa Rolf Gaillard Jean Berney Jacques Philippe 《Endocrine pathology》1991,2(2):111-116
The diagnosis of pituitary corticotroph adenoma relies on the demonstration of a loss of the normal feedback control of adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) biosynthesis by cortisol. The marked variability in the degree of ACTH suppression by glucocorticoids in these
tumors, however, greatly enhances the difficulty in distinguishing Cushing’s disease from other syndromes of glucocorticoid
excess. To illustrate this variability, we describe the clinical, biochemical, and morphological characteristics of a pituitary
corticotroph adenoma in a 63-year-old woman, who presented with symptoms of a sellar mass but did not initially have florid
Cushing’s disease. Light and electron microscopy of the pituitary tumor showed a corticotroph adenoma with Crooke’s hyalinization
of the tumor cells, characterized by the accumulation of keratin immunoreactive microfilaments similar to those observed in
normal corticotrophs in the presence of excess glucocorticoids. This case illustrates an unusual clinical presentation that
may be associated with pituitary corticotroph adenoma showing Crooke’s hyalinization. 相似文献
160.
Philippe Moerman Jean-Pierre Fryns Herwig Van Dijck Joseph M. Lauweryns 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1985,408(1):43-48
Summary Two unrelated patients with severe arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) who died perinatally, are presented. In both, postmortem examination revealed an intact nervous system and striking dystrophic muscle changes, consistent with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). Few similar cases have been reported before, but since the condition is not well known, it seems probable that in the past many have been labeled as mere multiple malformations. The possibility of an underlying muscular disorder, either primary myopathic or neurogenic should be considered in any patient with early lethal AMC. Our findings confirm that the fetal akinesia-arthrogryposis sequence is a nonspecific clinical syndrome resulting from various causes of muscular inactivity in utero. The main objective of this report is to provide reasonable guidelines on how to approach the problem of classification. We favor a pathogenetic approach, depending upon careful sampling of the central nervous system and skeletal muscles at autopsy. 相似文献