ARL4C stabilized by AKT/mTOR pathway promotes the invasion of PTEN-deficient primary human glioblastoma

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) deficiency in primary human glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis with unknown mechanisms. Therefore, how loss of PTEN promotes GBM progression remains to be elucidated. Herein, we identified that ADP-ribosylation factor like-4C (ARL4C) was highly expressed in PTEN-deficient human GBM cells and tissues. Mechanistically, loss of PTEN stabilized ARL4C protein due to AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated inhibition of ARL4C ubiquitination. Functionally, ARL4C enhanced the progression of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, microarray profiling and GST pull-down assay identified that ARL4C accelerated tumor progression via RAC1-mediated filopodium formation. Importantly, targeting PTEN potently inhibited GBM tumor progression in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of ARL4C reversed the tumor progression impaired by PTEN overexpression. Clinically, analyses with patients' specimens validated a negative correlation between PTEN and ARL4C expression. Elevated ARL4C expression but PTEN deficiency in tumor was associated with poorer disease-free survival and overall survival of GBM patients. Taken together, ARL4C is critical for PTEN-deficient GBM progression and acts as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic candidate. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于稀疏表示的视网膜图像对变化检测

视网膜图像对变化检测主要研究两个不同时间点所采集到图像的变化情况。图像间的亮度差异及解剖结构与病灶的亮度相似性,使得基于逐点对比的差分方法或商方法很难准确检测变化区域。针对光照干扰问题,提出对光照具有鲁棒性的稀疏表示(SRC)变化检测方法。SRC方法先抽取参考图像局部区域块构建字典,再通过稀疏表示重构当前图像的局部背景块,最后利用背景相减获得变化区域。通过该方法,图像对的亮度差异可用稀疏表示系数自动调整,而基于块的方式可过滤掉局部光照,更有效地检测出变化区域。SRC方法与其他检测方法结合,可以增加检测结果的准确性。实验根据一对来自DRIVE数据集的小病灶仿真数据,SRC方法的AUC和mAP值分别为0.986和0.865;对一对采集自临床的大病灶数据,SRC与迭代鲁棒同态曲面拟合(IRHSF)校正结合方法的AUC和mAP值分别达到了0.989和0.969。实验结果表明,SRC方法比RPCA方法对局部光照鲁棒性更强,比基于逐点的比较差分方法更多地考虑局部邻域信息,能够更有效地检测出变化区域。     

Genomic and biological characterization of the Vibrio alginolyticus-infecting “Podoviridae” bacteriophage,vB_ValP_IME271

Virus Genes - As an opportunist pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus), causes disease in marine animals. Bacterial contamination of seafood is not uncommon, and phage therapy is...     

Peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length is associated with age but not renal function: A cross-sectional follow-up study

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between baseline renal function and changes in telomere length in Han Chinese.

Methods

The telomere restriction fragment (TRF) length of leukocytes in the peripheral blood was measured in healthy volunteers recruited in 2014. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on serum creatinine (Scr) and serum cystatin C (CysC)-eGFRcys and eGFRScr-cys through the Cockcroft-Gault formula (eGFRC-G) or the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI / eGFRCKD-EPI) equation. The correlation between telomere length changes over time and renal function was analyzed.

Results

Leukocyte TRF lengths were negatively correlated to age (r = -0.393, p < 0.001) and serum CysC (r = -0.180, p < 0.01), while positively associated with eGFRCKD-EPI, eGFRC-G, eGFRcys, and eGFRScr-cys (r = 0.182, 0.122, 0.290, and 0.254 respectively, p < 0.01). The 3-year change of telomere length was 46 bp/years. When adjusted for age, the associations between telomere length changes and baseline, subsequent TRF lengths, and serum CysC were no longer present. No association was observed between TRF length changes and renal function.

Conclusion

The rate of telomere length changes was affected by age and baseline telomere length. The telomere length changes might be important markers for aging.

     

In vitro activities of inulin fermentation products to HCT-116 cells enhanced by the cooperation between exogenous strains and adult faecal microbiota

Inulin was fermented by adult faecal microbiota and 10 exogenous strains for 24 or 48?h. The contents of acetate, propionate, butyrate and lactate were quantified in the fermented products, and the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects on a human colon cell line (HCT-116 cells) were assessed. Most of these strains increased contents of acetate, propionate and butyrate, and promoted lactate conversion. Correlation analysis suggested that butyrate and lactate in the fermentation products were positively and negatively correlated with the measured inhibition ratios (p?via inducing DNA fragmentation and increasing total apoptotic populations in the treated cells. Moreover, the fermentation products with higher growth-inhibitory activities demonstrated the increased apoptosis-inducing properties. In conclusion, these strains could cooperate with adult faecal microbiota to confer inulin fermentation products with higher anti-colon cancer activity.     

Microbiome of Deep Dentinal Caries from Reversible Pulpitis to Irreversible Pulpitis

Introduction

This study examined the identity of the microbiome of deep dentinal caries and its correlation with the inflammation status of caries-induced pulpitis.

Management of interdental papillae loss with forced eruption, immediate implantation, and root-form pontic

BACKGROUND: A 25-year-old Asian woman complained of an unesthetic black triangle between her upper right front teeth. Defective interdental papillae may result from external root resorption, which makes esthetic restoration more difficult. A combined use of forced eruption, immediate implant placement, and a root-form pontic made a successful esthetic and functional restoration. METHODS: The treatment sequences of this patient included short-term forced eruption, subsequent immediate implant placement after tooth extraction, and a provisional root-form pontic restoration. A final prosthesis was completed 6 months later, followed by clinical maintenance. RESULTS: Papillae were augmented by forced eruption. After immediate implantation and root-form pontic placement had been performed, the peri-implant soft and hard tissues were manipulated and maintained in a stable state. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully reconstructed the interdental papillae and replaced the deficient tooth with an immediate implantation. During 2 years of follow-up, the implant and peri-implant structures remained stable and healthy.     

创伤致家兔颞下颌关节滑膜和软骨超微结构的改变

目的研究创伤对家兔颞下颌关节滑膜和软骨的影响。方法采用实验性创伤动物模型，透射电镜下观察创伤后颞下颌关节滑膜和软骨的超微结构特征。结果髁突软骨表层结构破损，软骨层不同程度的软骨细胞变性、坏死。滑膜内膜层滑膜细胞变性，胞质内可见大量的空泡和近胞膜处的小泡，微丝增多、密集；细胞膜上可见微绒毛突起；内膜下层出现类“蚓状小体”结构；并首次描述了滑膜内膜层滑膜细胞之间的点粘连连接方式。结论创伤确实可以导致颞下颌关节的退行性改变。     

白蛋白微球经颈外动脉灌注后的体内分布及降解速度

目的 :探讨作为药物载体的白蛋白微球 (AMS)经颈外动脉灌注后在体内的分布及降解速度 ,以及栓塞血管再通时间 ,为AMS的安全性提供依据。方法 :经家兔颈外动脉灌注以12 5 I标记的平均粒径 56.3 μm的白蛋白微球后 ,测定局部组织及全身脏器内的放射剂量。用 760ml/L的泛影葡胺行家犬颈外动脉造影观察AMS灌注后末梢血管再通时间。结果 :微球经颈外动脉灌注后 92 .2 3 %集中于头颈局部组织内。微球对颈外动脉的微小分枝有明显的栓塞作用 ,栓塞的血管在 7～ 9d内再通。结论 :AMS可作为药物的缓释载体