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101.
102.
The inability of subcutaneous (sc) insulin to effectively, safely and painlessly control postprandial glucose levels has encouraged the exploration of alternate methods of insulin delivery. Recently, a novel drug delivery system, based on a unique liquid aerosol formulation, has been developed. This system allows precise insulin dose delivery via a simple, cosmetically acceptable metered dose inhaler in the form of fine aerosolized droplets directed into the mouth. The system introduces a fine-particle aerosol at high velocity into the patient's breath; the mouth deposition is dramatically increased compared with conventional technology. This oral aerosol formulation is rapidly absorbed through the buccal mucosal lining and in the oropharynx regions, and it provides the plasma insulin levels necessary to control postprandial glucose rise in diabetic patients. This novel, pain-free, oral insulin formulation has a critical series of attributes: rapid absorption, a simple (user-friendly) administration technique, precise dosing control (comparable to injection within one unit), and bolus delivery of drug. This review describes the recent results of clinical studies (in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients) by comparing the efficacy of Oralin (oral insulin spray) versus sc injected insulin and placebo arms. A simplified means for prandial insulin delivery, such as that offered by this technique, will significantly reduce the incidence of key complications by allowing increased patient compliance for consistent drug administration in order to regulate patients' blood glucose levels. 相似文献
103.
We previously showed that heparan sulfate (HS) is required for in vitro cytokine + chemokine-mediated maintenance of primitive human hematopoietic progenitors. However, HS preparations are mixtures of polysaccharide chains of varying size, structure, and protein-binding abilities. Therefore, we examined whether the long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) supportive capability of HS is attributable to an oligosaccharide of defined length and protein-binding ability. Oligosaccharides of a wide range of sizes were prepared, and their capability to support human marrow LTC-IC maintenance in the presence of low-dose cytokines and a single chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), was examined. LTC-IC supportive capability of HS oligosaccharides correlated directly with size and MIP-1alpha binding ability. A specific MIP-1alpha-binding HS oligosaccharide preparation of M(r) 10 kDa that optimally supported LTC-IC maintenance was identified. This oligosaccharide had the structure required for MIP-1alpha binding, which we have recently described. The present study defines the minimum size and structural features of LTC-IC supportive HS. 相似文献
104.
Pankaj P. Shah Shrey A. Desai Dhiren K. Modi Shobha P. Shah 《Journal of health, population, and nutrition》2014,32(1):51-57
The study was undertaken to determine diagnostic accuracy of Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS) in hands of village-based community health workers (CHWs) in real-life community setting in India. Participants (501 women) were randomly selected from 8 villages belonging to a project area of SEWA-Rural, a voluntary organization located in India. After receiving a brief training, CHWs and a research assistant obtained haemoglobin readings using HCS and HemoCueTM (reference) respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive-values, and likelihood ratios were calculated. Bland-Altman plot was constructed. Mean haemoglobin value, using HCS and HemoCueTM were 11.02 g/dL (CI 10.9-11.2) and 11.07 g/dL (CI 10.9-11.2) respectively. Mean difference between haemoglobin readings was 0.95 g/dL. Sensitivity of HCS was 0.74 (CI 0.65-0.81) and 0.84 (CI 0.8-0.87) whereas specificity was 0.84 (CI:0.51-0.98) and 0.99 (CI:0.97-0.99) using haemoglobin cutoff limits of 10 g/dL and 7 g/dL respectively. CHWs can accurately diagnose severe and moderately-severe anaemia by using HCS in real-life field condition after a brief training.Key words: Anaemia, Community health worker, Haemoglobin Colour Scale, Sensitivity, Specificity 相似文献
105.
106.
Pankaj Kumar Mishra Anuj Gupta Suresh Chandra Gaur 《Indian Journal of Orthopaedics》2014,48(5):470-475
Background:
Femoral neck fractures are notorious for complications like avascular necrosis and nonunion. In developing countries, various factors such as illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, ignorance are responsible for the delay in surgery. Neglected fracture neck femur always poses a formidable challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of triple muscle pedicle bone grafting using sartorius, tensor fasciae latae and part of gluteus medius in neglected femoral neck fracture.Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study with medical record of 50 patients, who were operated by open reduction, internal fixation along with muscle pedicle bone grafting by the anterior approach. After open reduction, two to three cancellous screws (6.5 mm) were used for internal fixation in all cases. A bony chunk of the whole anterior superior iliac spine of 1 cm thickness, 1 cm width and 4.5 cm length, taken from the iliac crest comprised of muscle pedicle of sartorius, tensor fascia latae and part of gluteus medius. Then the graft with all three muscles mobilized and put in the trough made over the anterior or anterosuperior aspect of the femoral head. The graft was fixed with one or two 4.5 mm self-tapping cortical screw in anterior to posterior direction.Results:
14 patients were lost to followup. The results were based on 36 patients. We observed that in our series, there was union in 34, out of 36 (94.4%) patients. All patients were within the age group of 15-51 years (average 38 years) with displaced neglected femoral neck fracture of ≥30 days. Mean time taken for full clinicoradiological union was 14 weeks (range-10-24 weeks).Conclusion:
Triple muscle pedicle bone grafting gives satisfactory results for neglected femoral neck fracture in physiologically active patients. 相似文献107.
108.
Sreekumar R. Thekkatavan Ajeesh Shrivastava Pankaj Kumawat R. K. Dixit Shivani Chaubey Gyaneshwer 《International journal of legal medicine》2020,134(5):1679-1681
International Journal of Legal Medicine - In this study, we assessed and established an allelic frequency database of Malayalam-speaking population of south western Indian state Kerala, using 15... 相似文献
109.
Kumar Anand Kumar Rajesh Kumawat R. K. Mathur Baiju Shrivastava Pankaj Chaubey Gyaneshwer Yadav Rajesh Kumar 《International journal of legal medicine》2020,134(5):1691-1693
International Journal of Legal Medicine - This study was conducted to come up with data on Y-STR markers for the population of Rajasthan comprising of the western arid region of India. Y-STR... 相似文献
110.
Kanwaljeet Garg Pankaj Kumar Singh Bhawani Shankar Sharma Poodipedi Sarat Chandra Ashish Suri Manmohanjit Singh Rajinder Kumar Shashank Sarad Kale Nalin Kumar Mishra Shailesh K Gaikwad Ashok Kumar Mahapatra 《Child's nervous system》2014,30(5):873-883