构叶制剂抗喘作用和急性毒性研究

构叶醇提剂及水提剂能明显拮抗组胺引起的豚鼠实验性哮喘。离体豚鼠气管实验表明,构叶水提剂能部分或完全拮抗组胺或乙酰胆碱的兴奋作用。小鼠急性毒性实验表明,构叶300 mg/10g体重,一日2次,连用3日,未见任何不良反应,说明其毒性甚小。     

三种不同体重指数慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者炎性因子的研究

目的探讨3种不同体重指数（BMI）稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（简称慢阻肺）患者血清瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子仅（TNF-α）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）及超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平是否有差异。方法将稳定期慢阻肺患者105例按BMI进行分组：BMI〈18．5kg／m^2的32例为低BMI组,BMI18．5～23．9kg／m^2的48例为正常BMI组,BMI≥23．9kg／m^2的25例为高BMI组。同时将BMI为18．5～23．9kg／m^2的健康体检者30例作为健康对照组。用放免法检测各组受试者血清中瘦素、TNF-α、IL-8水平;全自动生化分析仪测定hs-CRP。结果慢阻肺患者瘦素水平[（10．19±4．63）ng／L]低于健康对照组[（14．12±4．86）ng／L（P〈0．05）],其中低BMI组及高BMI组患者瘦素水平[（7．89±3．16）ng／L,（10．52±5．98）ng／L]低于正常BMI组[（13．04±5．73）ng／L,P〈0．05],低BMI组较高BMI组下降更显著（P〈0．05）。慢阻肺患者TNF．d水平[（192．37±83．65）μg/L]较健康对照组[（178．59±60．38）μg／L]增高（P〈0.05）,其中低BMI组TNF-α水平[（229．39±89．57）μg/L]高于高BMI组[（189．46±82．41）μg／L]及正常BMI组[（180．06±74．24）μg／L,P〈0．01]。3组慢阻肺患者之间IL-8水平无明显差异。高BMI组hs-CRP水平较低BMI组（P〈0．01）及正常BMI组明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论不同BMI的慢阻肺患者瘦素水平有不同程度的降低,瘦素、TNF-α参与了稳定期慢阻肺患者低体重的发生。     

恩替卡韦对失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝功能及血清病毒学指标的影响

目的：观察恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者72周内肝功能及血清病毒学指标的变化。方法将失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者92例按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各46例,对照组常规内科治疗,试验组在常规治疗基础上加用恩替卡韦片。比较两组12、24、48、72周时肝功能指标、血清病毒学指标及Child‐Pugh评分,并观察患者临床结局。结果随治疗时间的延长,试验组丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBiL）值和Child‐Pugh评分逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或 P＜0.01）,白蛋白（ALB）和凝血酶原活动度（PTA）值逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。治疗后同一时段,试验组ALT、TBiL值和Child‐Pugh评分低于对照组（P＜0.01）;ALB和 PTA 值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。随治疗时间的延长,试验组HBV DNA值逐渐降低（P＜0.01）,同一时段明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。72周时,试验组HBV DNA＜500 copies／mL者的比例、HBeAg阴转率、HBeAg／抗‐HBe血清学阴转率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或 P＜0.01）。试验组和对照组 Child‐Pugh C 级患者死亡分别为3例（6.52％）和4例（8.70％）,两组病死率比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。结论恩替卡韦有助于改善失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的肝功能,抑制HBV复制,提高 HBeAg阴转率。     

10501例新生儿听力筛查结果

目的 探索新生儿听力筛查的临床策略。了解新生儿听力损失的发病状况,以便早期干预。方法 应用瞬态诱发耳声发射技术（简称TEOAE）进行听力普遍筛查,对复筛未通过者,于生后3个月左右采用听性脑干反应9ABR）和40Hz听性相关电位（40Hz-AERP)技术诊断。结果 自2000年5月至2002年5月。可供听力筛查的新生儿数为11198例,实际筛查10501例（总体新生儿初筛率为93.8%);初筛通过8882例（84.6%)。需门诊复筛的共1619例。实际复筛人数1476例。通过1387例。门诊复筛率为91.17%。复筛通过率为93.97%。确诊新生儿先天性听力损失61例（90只耳）,另加1例假阴性病例。由本组资料显示新生儿先天性听力损失在筛查儿中的发病率为5.90%（单耳和双耳）,双耳听力损失在筛查儿中的发病率为2.86‰。初筛的假阳性率为14.91%。两步筛查后的假阳性率为0.26%。结论 通过筛查,新生儿听力损失可及早发现,并进行及早干预,有效的促进婴幼儿语言发育。     

Deep learning applied to two-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging ultrasound images significantly improves diagnostic performance in the classification of breast masses: a multicenter study

BackgroundThe current deep learning diagnosis of breast masses is mainly reflected by the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions. In China, breast masses are divided into four categories according to the treatment method: inflammatory masses, adenosis, benign tumors, and malignant tumors. These categorizations are important for guiding clinical treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification of these four breast mass types using ultrasound (US) images.MethodsTaking breast biopsy or pathological examinations as the reference standard, CNNs were used to establish models for the four-way classification of 3623 breast cancer patients from 13 centers. The patients were randomly divided into training and test groups (n = 1810 vs. n = 1813). Separate models were created for two-dimensional (2D) images only, 2D and color Doppler flow imaging (2D-CDFI), and 2D-CDFI and pulsed wave Doppler (2D-CDFI-PW) images. The performance of these three models was compared using sensitivity, specificity, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratios (LR−), and the performance of the 2D model was further compared between masses of different sizes with above statistical indicators, between images from different hospitals with AUC, and with the performance of 37 radiologists.ResultsThe accuracies of the 2D, 2D-CDFI, and 2D-CDFI-PW models on the test set were 87.9%, 89.2%, and 88.7%, respectively. The AUCs for classification of benign tumors, malignant tumors, inflammatory masses, and adenosis were 0.90, 0.91, 0.90, and 0.89, respectively (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.87–0.91, 0.89–0.92, 0.87–0.91, and 0.86–0.90). The 2D-CDFI model showed better accuracy (89.2%) on the test set than the 2D (87.9%) and 2D-CDFI-PW (88.7%) models. The 2D model showed accuracy of 81.7% on breast masses ≤1 cm and 82.3% on breast masses >1 cm; there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). The accuracy of the CNN classifications for the test set (89.2%) was significantly higher than that of all the radiologists (30%).ConclusionsThe CNN may have high accuracy for classification of US images of breast masses and perform significantly better than human radiologists.Trial registrationChictr.org, ChiCTR1900021375; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=33139.     

Individualized diet care for patients scheduled for transurethral resection of the prostate and with diabetes

目的 提高经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)并存糖尿病患者的血糖控制效果,降低手术风险,缩短住院时间.方法 根据入院日单双将106例TURP并存糖尿病患者分为观察组(单日入院者,62例)和对照组(双日入院者,44例).对照组按常规进行饮食护理；观察组患者在常规护理的基础上,依据患者身高、理想体质量、BMI(体重指数)、手术创伤应激及术后伤口修复额外所需营养制定饮食处方,并实施个体化饮食护理.结果 观察组术后第2天、第5天、第8天空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖及术后血尿时间、住院时间显著低于和短于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 个体化饮食护理能提高患者的血糖控制效果,缩短术后血尿时间及住院时间,体现了以患者为中心的护理理念.     

支气管腔内放疗治疗肺癌的疗效

目的：探讨支气管腔内后装近距离腔内放疗的方法、剂量和疗效。方法：用导丝导入法行支气管腔内放疗，可达亚段支气管。参考点20mm，单次剂量6-7GY，5-7日/间隔，2-4次/人。治疗中央型肺癌（均侵犯支气管）76例212人次。结果：病灶消失22例，缩小39例，稳定12例，进展3例，总有效率85.5％。起效时间均短于3周。结论：支气管腔内后装放疗是治疗腔内肿瘤及缓解伴随症状的有效方法。疗效及起效优于外照射和化疗。对复治患者仍然有效。     

Chinese herbal compounds containing scorpion in the treatment of epilepsy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Epilepsy is 1 of the common neurodevelopmental diseases. It can affect about 0.5% to 1.0% of the population regardless of their race and social class. Despite the development of a wide range of treatments, there remaining about one-third of patients still experience seizures. Chinese herbal compounds containing scorpion (CHCCS) have shown an outstanding curative effect on nerve protection and epilepsy. But there''s no study to assess its clinical efficacy and safety.Methods:Each data of CHCCS in treating epilepsy from related English and Chinese databases will be searched. The primary outcome is the efficacy of the CHCCS on epilepsy. And the secondary outcomes include recurrence rate and side effects. The risk of bias will be assessed, and RevMan5.3 and Stata14.0 will be performed for meta-analysis. Finally, we will assess the level of the resulting evidence.Results:The results of the study will be combined with current evidence and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Conclusions:This study will specifically investigate the effectiveness and safety of CHCCS in treating epilepsy.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY202120056.     

The meta-analysis of the effect of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT diagnosis of prostatic cancer compared with bone scan

Background:⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) is a promising method for prostate cancer (PC) detection. However, the ability of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT to detect malignant bone lesions, and whether this method is superior to the existing bone imaging methods are still lack of systematic analysis.Purpose:To evaluate the value of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in clinical diagnosis of prostatic cancer from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.Methods:PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Springer Link, Sinomed, CNKI, Wanfang database, and CQVIP database were searched to find the satisfactory studies that needed systematic review of trials and compared the value of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan. All studies published from inception to March 31, 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 reviewers independently evaluated and extracted the literature. Review Manager 5.3 was applied to evaluate the included literature quality. The heterogeneity of the included literature was tested by Meta Disc 1.4, and the effect model was selected according to the heterogeneity test results, and the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), PLR, NLR and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were analyzed. After testing the heterogeneity results of literature by using the 95% confidence interval and the forest map.Results:A total of 4 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, which included 318 patients, 120 cases with bone metastasis and 198 cases without bone metastasis. The results of summary evaluation for ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in diagnosis of prostatic cancer as follow respectively: The SEN were 0.97 and 0.86; the SPE were 1.00 and 0.87; the DOR were 1468.33 and 36.23; PLR were 88.45 and 6.67; NLR were 0.05 and 0.19; and the area under curve (AUC) and 95% CI were 0.9973 (1.0000–0.9927) and 0.8838 (0.9584–0.8092).Conclusion:By comparing the diagnostic results of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan imaging diagnosis methods, the ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT has a higher SEN and SPE than bone scan, and it has a higher diagnostic efficiency for prostate cancer bone metastasis, which is worthy of clinical application.     

CHA2DS2-VASc score predicts the slow flow/no-reflow phenomenon in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel disease (MVD) have a higher incidence of slow-flow/no-reflow (SF-NR) phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) than those with single vessel disease. Currently, no effective tools exist to predict the risk of SF-NR in this population. The present study aimed to evaluate whether CHA₂DS₂-VASc score can be used as a simple tool to predict this risk.This study consecutively included STEMI patients hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2005 to January 2015. Among these patients, 1032 patients with MVD were finally enrolled. Patients were divided into SF-NR (+) group and SF-NR (–) group according to whether SF-NR occurred during PPCI. SF-NR was defined as the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade ≤2.There were 134 patients (13%) in the SF-NR (+) group. Compared with the SF-NR (–) group, patients in the SF-NR (+) group are elder, with lower left ventricular ejection fraction and higher CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.148; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.389–3.320; P = .001), current smoking (OR, 1.814; 95% CI, 1.19–2.764; P = .006), atrial fibrillation (OR, 2.892; 95% CI, 1.138–7.350; P = .03), complete revascularization (OR, 2.307; 95% CI, 1.202–4.429; P = .01), and total length of stents ≥40 mm (OR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.011–2.172; P = .04) were independent risk factors of SF-NR. The incidence of SF-NR in patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 was 1.7 times higher than that in patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score <3. Additionally, patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 plus ≥2 risk factors have 3 times higher incidence of SF-NR than those with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 plus 0 to 1 risk factor.CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 can be used as a simple and sensitive indicator to predict SF-NR phenomenon and guide the PPCI strategy in STEMI patients with MVD.