Needle localization of mammographically detected lesions in perspective

Needle localization of mammographically detected lesions has been shown to detect early breast cancer. One hundred seven patients who underwent needle localized biopsy from June 1977 to September 1985 were reviewed. Eighty percent of the biopsies were benign and 20 percent were cancers (22 patients). In patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy, 80 percent of the axillary specimens were node-negative. During the same 8 year period, 570 breast cancers were diagnosed. Needle localization was responsible for only 4 percent of all cancers found. Though needle localization represents an advance in the detection of early breast cancer, the majority of cancers are found by physical examination. The importance of routine examination by a physician and self-breast examination remains paramount.     

流式细胞术的培训实践及技术平台建设探讨

流式细胞分析技术(flow cytometry,FCM),又称流式细胞术,是一种在功能水平上对单细胞或其他生物粒子进行定量分析和分选的技术,具有广泛的科研应用价值.采用理论与实践并举,结合讨论的教学方式,在教师队伍开设针对性的培训课程,对深刻理解并在科研工作中有效利用该技术具有及其重要意义.同时以教学促科研,以科研促技...     

Biological resurfacing of the knee: a review of surgical management

Lesions of the articular surfaces of the knee have been managed by various techniques over the last 50 years. Surgical management has involved: excising the damaged area, refashioning the underlying bone to produce a fibrous response, and introducing allograft, autograft and synthetic materials to encourage a repair matrix. The techniques and their pitfalls are reviewed and discussed, and suggestions made as to the direction of future studies for the repair of osteochondral lesions in the painful knee.     

Comparison of isolation of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) from peptone-starch-dextrose agar and Columbia colistin-nalidoxic acid agar.

A total of 447 cervical or vaginal specimens were inoculated in parallel onto peptone-starch-dextrose (PSD) and Columbia colistin (10 mg/ml)-nalidixic acid (15 mug/ml) (CNA) agar and were incubated for 48 h at 35 degrees C in an atmosphere with 2 to 10% CO2. One hundred (22.4%) of the cultures were positive for Haemophilus vaginalis. Forty-eight of the isolates were recovered from both PSD and Columbia CNA agar, five from PSD only, and 47 from Columbia CNA agar only (P less than 0.001). On Columbia CNA agar, 76 of the isolates were detected after 24 h of incubation, and the remainder were detected within 4 days of incubation.     

Parallels between behavioral and neurochemical variability in the rat vacuous chewing movement model of tardive dyskinesia

The widely accepted rat vacuous chewing movement model for tardive dyskinesia could be more fully mined through greater focus on individual variability in vulnerability to this neuroleptic-induced behavior. We have examined parallels between behavioral and neurobiological variability within a cohort in order to evaluate the role that neurobiological factors might play in determining susceptibility to tardive dyskinesia. Inter-observer reliability and individual consistency across time, in both spontaneous and neuroleptic-induced vacuous chewing movements, were empirically demonstrated. While this behavior increased across 8 months of observation in both vehicle controls and haloperidol-treated rats, pre-treatment baselines were predictive of final levels across individuals only in the vehicle control group, not the haloperidol-treated group. Haloperidol-induced elevations in neostriatal D2 and GAD(67) mRNA were not correlated with individual variability in haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements. Ambient noise during the observations was found to exacerbate chronic haloperidol-induced, but not spontaneous vacuous chewing movements. Significant correlations were found among the haloperidol-treated rats between nigral and tegmental GAD(67) and tegmental α7 mRNA levels, measured by in situ hybridization histochemistry, and vacuous chewing movements, specifically in the noisy conditions. Variability in these secondary responses to primary striatal dopamine and GABA perturbations may play a role in determining vulnerability to vacuous chewing movements, and by analogy, tardive dyskinesia. Both the differential predictive value of baseline vacuous chewing movements and the differential effect of noise, between controls and haloperidol-treated rats, add to evidence that haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements are regulated, in part, by different mechanisms than those mediating spontaneous vacuous chewing movements.     

Is fecundability associated with month of birth? An analysis of 19th and early 20th century family reconstitution data from The Netherlands

The relationship between fecundability and month of birth was investigated in a cohort of 1526 women who married between 1802 and 1929, using only women whose first marriage occurred before the age of 35 years. On the basis of their time to pregnancy (TTP, calculated as time between wedding and first birth minus gestational length), women were categorized into two groups: fecunds (TTP up to 12 months or prenuptial conceptions, n = 1348) and subfecunds (TTP >18 months, n = 118). By use of logistic regression, cosinor functions with a period of 1 year or 6 months and variable shift and amplitude were fitted through the monthly odds of subfecunds versus fecunds. The best fitting curve was unimodal, with a zenith in September (P = 0.13 for H0: no differences). Exclusion of childless women (n = 36, minimum follow-up 5 years) from the subfecunds led to a similar curve (P < 0.01), while childless women, as compared with fecunds, showed a birth distribution that was best represented with a bimodal curve with zeniths in January and July (P = 0.06). This study provides evidence for the existence of differences in fecundability by month of birth. The cause of this relationship is unclear, but may lie in a melatonin-dependent circannual variability of the quality of the oocyte.      

Immunohistochemical characteristics of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma: comparison with conventional papillary carcinoma

Koo JS, Shin E, Hong SW. Immunohistochemical characteristics of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma: comparison with conventional papillary carcinoma. APMIS 2010; 118: 744–52. Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma (DSVPC) is a rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). It shows different clinicopathologic features to the conventional PTC, but the immunohistochemical characteristics of DSVPC are yet to be more clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical features of DSVPC, which are different from those of PTC. Tissue microarray was constructed from the paraffin‐embedded tissue of 49 DSVPC and 50 conventional PTC samples. Immunohistochemical stains for p63, p53, galectin‐3, cytokeratin 19, β‐catenin, Bcl‐2, EMA, E‐cadherin, CD15, and CD56 were performed on each tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical stain for p63 was negative in all conventional PTCs, but 14 (28.6%) cases of DSVPC showed p63 expression (p = 0.000). p53 was expressed in 38 (76.0%) cases of conventional PTC and 21 (42.9%) cases of DSVPC (p = 0.001). Galectin‐3 was expressed in all 50 cases of conventional PTC, but eight (16.3%) cases of DSVPC did not express galectin‐3 (p = 0.003). EMA was expressed more in DSVPC (40.8%) than in conventional PTC (20.0%, p = 0.024). In univariate analyses, Bcl‐2 positivity (p = 0.016) and EMA negativity (p = 0.036) in DSVPC were associated with shorter time interval to tumor recurrence, but there was no significance for the two in multivariate analyses. DSVPC, a rare variant of PTC, has different immunohistochemical features from the conventional PTC, showing higher expression rate of p63 and lower expression rate of p53. It also shows galectin‐3 negativity and EMA positivity.