Cultured astrocytes prepared from newborn rat brain and 13-day-old chick embryonic brain were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for ganglioside content. All preparations contained approximately the same total level: 2.4-3.4 micrograms N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc)/mg protein. In contrast, the value for primary cultures of neurons from chick embryonic brain was 5.9. The non-hexosamine-containing species, GM3 and GD3, comprised 75-85% of the total in astroglial cultures, the remainder consisting mainly of structural types other than the gangliotetraose series; choleragenoid assay revealed the latter to be virtually absent or to comprise at most a few percent. Deficiency of gangliotetraose synthesizing ability was indicated by the very low level of UDP-GalNac:GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase detected in the cells. Treatment of cultured astrocytes with astroglial growth factor 2 or dibutyryl cyclic AMP caused little if any change in quantity or pattern of gangliosides. The large majority of cells stained in a manner characteristic of astrocytes: positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, negative for galactosyl ceramides. Staining with cholera toxin and anti-GM1 antibody was essentially negative, as was that with tetanus toxin, A2B5 monoclonal antibody, and antibody to GD3. All evidence thus points to cultured astrocytes of rat and chick brain containing appreciable gangliosides, most of which are GM3 and GD3 with the majority of the remainder comprising structures other than the gangliotetraose type. 相似文献
Reported are two cases of video-PSG captured head-rolling occurring, in the context of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) episodes, in two patients affected with idiopathic RBD and without past personal or familiar history of Rhythmic Movement Disorder during sleep. It has been speculated that the activation of neuronal pathways which underlie REM-related loss of motor control in RBD, may involve the Central Pattern Generator neuronal networks leading to the induction of Rhythmic Movements during RBD episodes, thereby allowing the re-emergence, in pathological conditions in later life, of a motor behavior typically seen in the early stage of life. 相似文献
BACKGROUND: The impact of short-term preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer is evaluated. METHODS: A prospective observational study was designed. Inclusion criteria consisted of an indication to lung resection because of a clinical stage I or II non-small cell lung cancer and a chronic obstructive disease on preoperative pulmonary function test. In such conditions, maximal oxygen consumption by a cardio-pulmonary exercise test was evaluated; when this resulted as being < or =15 ml/kg/min a pulmonary rehabilitation programme lasting 4 weeks was considered. Twelve patients fulfilled inclusion criteria, completed the preoperative rehabilitation programme and underwent a new functional evaluation prior to surgery. The postoperative record of these patients was collected. RESULTS: On completion of pulmonary rehabilitation, the resting pulmonary function test and diffuse lung capacity of patients was unchanged, whereas the exercise performance was found to have significantly improved; the mean increase in maximal oxygen consumption proved to be at 2.8 ml/kg/min (p<0.01). Eleven patients underwent lobectomy; no postoperative mortality was noted and mean hospital stay was 17 days. Postoperative pulmonary complication was recorded in 8 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation could improve the exercise capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are candidates for lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. 相似文献
Background: It is not known whether epidural epinephrine has an analgesic effect per se. The segmental distribution of clonidine epidural analgesia and its effects on temporal summation and different types of noxious stimuli are unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify these issues.
Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers received epidurally (L2-L3 or L3-L4) 20 ml of either epinephrine, 100 micro gram, in saline; clonidine, 8 micro gram/kg, in saline; or saline, 0.9%, alone, on three different days in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over fashion. Pain rating after electrical stimulation, pinprick, and cold perception were recorded on the dermatomes S1, L4, L1, T9, T6, T1, and forehead. Pressure pain tolerance threshold was recorded at S1, T6, and ear. Pain thresholds to single and repeated (temporal summation) electrical stimulation of the sural nerve were determined.
Results: Epinephrine significantly reduced sensitivity to pinprick at L1-L4-S1. Clonidine significantly decreased pain rating after electrical stimulation at L1-L4 and sensitivity to pinprick and cold at L1-L4-S1, increased pressure pain tolerance threshold at S1, and increased thresholds after single and repeated stimulation of the sural nerve. 相似文献
When splenic nonenhancement is seen at computed tomography, one should look for signs of vascular pedicle injury; if injury to the vascular pedicle is not present, nonenhancement of the spleen could be secondary to severe vasoconstriction and may be considered an additional sign of the hypoperfusion complex. The presence of splenic nonenhancement may also help differentiate the hypoperfusion complex from other types of bowel injury. 相似文献
Background: Exercise is an important strategy with potential to improve recovery in older adults following a hip fracture.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the impact of a self-efficacy based intervention, the Exercise Plus Program, and the
different components of the intervention, on self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and exercise behavior among older women
post-hip fracture.Methods: Participants were randomized to one of four groups: exercise plus, exercise only, plus only (i.e., motivation), or routine
care. Data collection was done at baseline (within 22 days of fracture), 2, 6, and 12 months post-hip fracture.Results: A total of 209 women were recruited with an average age of 81.0 years (SD=6.9). The majority was White (97.1%), was widowed
(57.2%), and had a high school education (66.7%). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to perform repeated measures
analyses. No differences in trajectories of recovery were observed for self-efficacy or outcome expectations. A statistically
significant difference in the overall trajectory of time in exercise was seen (p<.001), with more time spent exercising in
all three treatment groups.Conclusions: The study demonstrated that it was possible to engage these women in a home-based exercise program and that the plus only,
exercise only, and the exercise plus groups all increased exercise.
Support for this project was provided by National Institute on Aging grants R37 AG09901, R01-AG18668, R01 AG17082, and the
Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center P60-AG12583. 相似文献