全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5559篇 |
免费 | 371篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 65篇 |
儿科学 | 136篇 |
妇产科学 | 254篇 |
基础医学 | 1004篇 |
口腔科学 | 62篇 |
临床医学 | 518篇 |
内科学 | 1330篇 |
皮肤病学 | 140篇 |
神经病学 | 637篇 |
特种医学 | 125篇 |
外科学 | 489篇 |
综合类 | 19篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 344篇 |
眼科学 | 104篇 |
药学 | 314篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 403篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 41篇 |
2022年 | 139篇 |
2021年 | 258篇 |
2020年 | 121篇 |
2019年 | 169篇 |
2018年 | 196篇 |
2017年 | 151篇 |
2016年 | 163篇 |
2015年 | 164篇 |
2014年 | 230篇 |
2013年 | 284篇 |
2012年 | 414篇 |
2011年 | 459篇 |
2010年 | 286篇 |
2009年 | 245篇 |
2008年 | 389篇 |
2007年 | 362篇 |
2006年 | 341篇 |
2005年 | 349篇 |
2004年 | 297篇 |
2003年 | 245篇 |
2002年 | 213篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 38篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
1965年 | 5篇 |
1930年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有5949条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
Stanislw Ryng Zdzislw Machn Zbigniew Wieczorek Michal Zimecki Tadeusz Glowiak 《Archiv der Pharmazie》1997,330(11):319-326
A series of 5-aminomethinimino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 4 has been prepared by condensation of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 1 with trichloroacetic aldehyde. Alcoholysis of trichloro derivatives 2 gave 5-alkoxymethine derivatives 3 which, on reaction with an appropriate amine, formed the corresponding compounds 4 . The compounds obtained were evaluated for their immunological activity. The properties of three compounds, described in this report, permitted inhibition of the immune response in all possible ways: diminishing both types of immune response ( 4d ), humoral immune response ( 4a ), or cellular immune response ( 4c ). Preparation 4d is comparable in its effectiveness to CsA, so it may be potentially used as an agent for prolongation of the function of transplanted organs. Two other compounds may potentially be used in cases where only one type the immune response is required for combating pathogen invasion. 相似文献
13.
Rachel M Massey Oliver J Warren Michal Szczeklik Sophie Wallace Daniel R Leff John Kokotsakis Ara Darzi Thanos Athanasiou 《Journal of cardiothoracic surgery》2007,2(1):26-9
The use of a skeletonized internal thoracic artery in coronary artery bypass graft surgery has been shown to confer certain
advantages over a traditional pedicled technique, particularly in certain patient groups. Recent reports indicate that radial
and gastroepiploic arteries can also be harvested using a skeletonized technique. The aim of this study is to systematically
review the available evidence regarding the use of skeletonized radial and gastroepiploic arteries within coronary artery
bypass surgery, focusing specifically on it's effect on conduit length and flow, levels of endothelial damage, graft patency
and clinical outcome. Four electronic databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the utilisation of the
skeletonization technique within coronary revascularisation surgery in humans. Reference lists of all identified studies were
checked for any missing publications. There appears to be some evidence that skeletonization may improve angiographic patency,
when compared with pedicled vessels in the short to mid-term. We have found no suggestion of increased complication rates
or increased operating time. Skeletonization may increase the length of the conduit, and the number of sequential graft sites,
but no clear clinical benefits are apparent. Our study suggests that there is not enough high quality or consistent evidence
to currently advocate the application of this technique to radial or gastroepiploic conduits ahead of a traditional pedicled
technique. 相似文献
14.
Michal Mann Clemens M H Hosman Herman P Schaalma Nanne K de Vries 《Health education research》2004,19(4):357-372
Self-evaluation is crucial to mental and social well-being. It influences aspirations, personal goals and interaction with others. This paper stresses the importance of self-esteem as a protective factor and a non-specific risk factor in physical and mental health. Evidence is presented illustrating that self-esteem can lead to better health and social behavior, and that poor self-esteem is associated with a broad range of mental disorders and social problems, both internalizing problems (e.g. depression, suicidal tendencies, eating disorders and anxiety) and externalizing problems (e.g. violence and substance abuse). We discuss the dynamics of self-esteem in these relations. It is argued that an understanding of the development of self-esteem, its outcomes, and its active protection and promotion are critical to the improvement of both mental and physical health. The consequences for theory development, program development and health education research are addressed. Focusing on self-esteem is considered a core element of mental health promotion and a fruitful basis for a broad-spectrum approach. 相似文献
15.
This article attempts to provide a practical template for the psychologic assessment of chronic pain and disability. Topics discussed include differential diagnosis, goals of psychosocial assessment, psychologic constructs, personality issues, pain-drawing ratings, and multidimensional assessment instruments. Other factors affecting psychologic assessment, such as litigation, perception of disability, pain behavior, and cultural factors are also discussed. 相似文献
16.
Recurrent neural networks are often employed in the cognitive science community to process symbol sequences that represent various natural language structures. The aim is to study possible neural mechanisms of language processing and aid in development of artificial language processing systems. We used data sets containing recursive linguistic structures and trained the Elman simple recurrent network (SRN) for the next-symbol prediction task. Concentrating on neuron activation clusters in the recurrent layer of SRN we investigate the network state space organization before and after training. Given a SRN and a training stream, we construct predictive models, called neural prediction machines, that directly employ the state space dynamics of the network. We demonstrate two important properties of representations of recursive symbol series in the SRN. First, the clusters of recurrent activations emerging before training are meaningful and correspond to Markov prediction contexts. We show that prediction states that naturally arise in the SRN initialized with small random weights approximately correspond to states of Variable Memory Length Markov Models (VLMM) based on individual symbols (i.e. words). Second, we demonstrate that during training, the SRN reorganizes its state space according to word categories and their grammatical subcategories, and the next-symbol prediction is again based on the VLMM strategy. However, after training, the prediction is based on word categories and their grammatical subcategories rather than individual words. Our conclusion holds for small depths of recursions that are comparable to human performances. The methods of SRN training and analysis of its state space introduced in this paper are of a general nature and can be used for investigation of processing of any other symbol time series by means of SRN. 相似文献
17.
D Michal Freedman Alice Sigurdson Michele Morin Doody Kiyohiko Mabuchi Martha S Linet 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2003,12(12):1540-1543
We prospectively investigated whether alcohol intake and smoking affect the risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in subjects from the United States Radiological Technologists (USRT) cohort study. We evaluated 68,371 radiological technologists certified during 1926-1982 who were free of cancer at the time they answered a first questionnaire (1983-1989) and who completed a second questionnaire (1994-1998). The first questionnaire provided baseline information on numerous risk factors, including smoking and alcohol intake, and the second provided self-reported cancer diagnoses. During 698,190 person-years of follow-up, we identified 1,360 cases of BCC: 1,036 in women and 324 in men. Cox proportional hazards regression indicated that the trend in BCC was significantly associated with increased alcohol intake (P for trend = 0.001). Compared with those who reported no alcohol consumption, those who drank <1-2, 3-6, 7-14, and >14 drinks/week had multivariate risks of 1.1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-1.3], 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1-1.5), 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2-1.7), and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.7-1.6), respectively. We found no clear association between smoking and BCC. This is the second large prospective study to report a significant but nonmonotonic trend in increased risk associated with alcohol consumption. 相似文献
18.
19.
Serial in vivo MR tracking of magnetically labeled neural spheres transplanted in chronic EAE mice. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Tamir Ben-Hur Ruud B van Heeswijk Ofira Einstein Michal Aharonowiz Rong Xue Emma E Frost Susumu Mori Benjamin E Reubinoff Jeff W M Bulte 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》2007,57(1):164-171
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been shown to attenuate the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Central to the future success of NSC transplantation in MS is the ability of transplanted cells to migrate from the site of transplantation to relevant foci of disease. Using magnetically labeled mouse neurospheres and human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neurospheres, we applied serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the biodynamics of transplanted cell migration in a chronic mouse EAE model. Magnetic labeling did not affect the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of cells as multipotential precursors. Cell migration occurred along white matter (WM) tracts (especially the corpus callosum (CC), fimbria, and internal capsule), predominantly early in the acute phase of disease, and in an asymmetric manner. The distance of cell migration correlated well with clinical severity of disease and the number of microglia in the WM tracts, supporting the notion that inflammatory signals promote transplanted cell migration. This study shows for the first time that hESC-derived neural precursors also respond to tissue signals in an MS model, similarly to rodent cells. The results are directly relevant for designing and optimizing cell therapies for MS, and achieving a better understanding of in vivo cell dynamics and cell-tissue interactions. 相似文献
20.
During reproductive maturation of female insects, the acquisition of sexual receptivity is coordinated with ovarian development. Juvenile homone regulates vitellogenesis in the ovaries, but the action of this hormone in the development of sexual behavior is less well-understood. A strain ofDrosophila melanogaster carrying a mutation in theapterous gene(ap
4) was known to exhibit arrested vitellogenesis (rescuable by applying exogenous juvenile hormone), sterility of both sexes, and a deficiency of juvenile hormone. In this study, we examined the effects of mutations ofap on female receptivity and its relationship to juvenile hormone. We observed abnormally low female receptivity in homozygousap strains, and heteroallelic combinations ofap mutations exhibited low receptivity. For female receptivity,ap showed no dominance (i.e.,ap/ap
+ was intermediate betweenap/ap andap
+/ap
+). Low receptivity mapped genetically to theap locus. The reduction in female receptivity in these mutants is positively correlated with levels of juvenile hormone synthesized by their corpora allata.This work was supported in part by The Scheinfeld Center for Humans Genetics in the Social Sciences (J.R.), The National Science Foundation (BNS-882 1339 to J.R.), BARD (No. IS-1664-89R to D.S.), The Israel Cancer Research Fund (grant to D.S.), The Rekanati Foundation of Tel Aviv University (grant to D.S.), and The Israeli Fruit Council (award to M.A.) 相似文献