湖南省学生生长发育长期变化趋势分析

目的了解湖南省儿童青少年生长发育长期变化趋势,为开展学校卫生保健工作提供资料.方法分析2000年湖南省7～22岁学生体质调研资料,并与1985年进行比较.结果城市男女生、农村男女生身高分别平均增长了2.9 cm,2.4 cm,2.3 cm和1.5 cm,体重分别平均增长了4.7 kg,2.6 kg,1.8 kg和0.6 kg.城市男女学生胸围分别平均增长了1.1 cm和2.6 cm,农村男生胸围平均减少0.9 cm,农村7～9岁女生胸围下降明显.城乡各年龄组男女学生肺活量指数均显著下降(P＜0.01).农村学生形态指标发育高峰年龄明显提前.结论湖南省学生身高、体重发育呈现出长期增长趋势,其增长值小于同期全国平均水平.应加强学生体育锻炼,注意改善农村学生营养,青春期卫生教育应始于小学高年级.     

儿童频繁性眨眼101例的矫治效果

目的:观察分析综合疗法矫治儿童频繁眨眼的疗效。方法:采用心理疗法、药物、手术等去除病因后,均给以针灸等综合疗法,治疗频繁眨眼患儿101例(202眼)。结果:在去除病因后均在心理治疗的诱导下,针刺新明II、攒竹、四白穴,针刺2次频繁眨眼症状消失者68例(67.3%),5次治愈者31例(30.6%),10次治愈者2例(1.4%)。结论:综合疗法是矫治儿童频繁眨眼的有效方法。     

临床瞳孔检查新进展

瞳孔每时每刻处于动态的变化之中,因此瞳孔的检查也是一个较为复杂的过程。随着对屈光手术质量要求的日益提高,特别是暗适应下瞳孔的大小往往在一定程度上可能决定着术后质量的好坏,因此暗适应下瞳孔的精确测量变得尤为重要。现对近年来涌现的瞳孔检查新技术作一简要概括。     

上斜肌前部前徙术治疗上斜肌麻痹的外旋斜的研究

目的 观察术中可调整缝线的上斜肌前部前徙术治疗上斜肌麻痹的外旋斜的效果。方法 对6例(9眼)外旋斜患者(其中双眼外旋斜和单眼外旋斜各3例)行此术式，在术前、术中、术后1周分别行双马多氏杆检查第一眼位的主观旋转斜。分析旋转斜度与手术量的关系及治疗效果。结果 6例患者术前都存在正前方及下方双眼复视症状，第一眼位的外旋斜5～15。，平均10．5。。术毕双马多氏杆检查第一眼位为0^o～内旋斜5^o,平均内旋斜3．7^o。术后所有患者正前方及向下看复视症状消失，术后1周为外旋2^o～内旋4^o,平均内旋1．4^o。其中2例患者术后7个月复诊，一例外旋斜3^o；另一例为旋转斜0^o，都未出现明显复视症状。结论 术中可调整缝线的上斜肌前部前徙术是一种安全可靠的矫正上斜肌麻痹的外旋斜的手术方式，常需要过矫至内旋5^o左右来代偿术后出现的回退。     

Clinical Features and Surgical Treatment of A-pattern Exotropia

IntroductionAnA鄄patternexotropiashowssignificantlymoreexodeviationindowngazeversusupgaze,inwhichthechangeofbinocularalignmentresemblesthealphaberA.Accordingtopublishedreports[1～4],A鄄patternexotropiaisviewedastheleasttypeofAandVpatterns.However,thepr鄄evalenceofA鄄patternexotropiaratherincreasedinourclinicalstudies[5],inwhichparticularattentionwaspaidtoobservethedeviationindownwardgazeandassesssuperiorobliquefunction.Accordingly,clinicalcharacteristics,surgicaltreatmentandtreatmentoutcome…     

Leptin and asthma in overweight children at 12 years of age

Obesity is suggested as a risk factor for asthma, but the mechanisms are unclear. The relationship between obesity and asthma has not been considered in children born with very low-birth weight (VLBW). We hypothesized that overweight was a contributing factor for asthma in VLBW children, and that leptin and leptin-associated cytokines might play roles in overweight-related asthma. Seventy-four VLBW and 64 normal birth weight (NBW) children participated in a 12-yr follow up study assessing asthma and allergy. Twenty-seven (12 VLBW) of the 138 children were overweight according to the proposed international definition. The diagnosis of current asthma was made by a pediatrician. Serum levels of leptin and interferon (IFN)-gamma were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Leptin levels were considerably higher in the overweight than in the non-overweight children (median value: 18.1 vs. 2.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001). In the overweight children, current asthmatics had twice as high levels of leptin as children without current asthma (median value: 30.8 vs. 14.3 ng/ml, p = 0.14), but this was not the case in the non-overweight children. IFN-gamma was more often detected in the overweight than in the non-overweight children (61% vs. 12%, p < 0.001), and there was a positive correlation between the levels of leptin and the levels of IFN-gamma (Rho = 0.40, p < 0.001). In the VLBW group, the overweight children had a significantly increased risk for current asthma compared with the non-overweight children after adjustment for the neonatal risk factors [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-27]. Thus, overweight was associated with asthma in the VLBW children. Our hypothesis remained that leptin might be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma in the overweight children, and IFN-gamma might be a pathway in the process of leptin-induced inflammation.     

Green tea extract modulates actin remodeling via Rho activity in an in vitro multistep carcinogenic model.

Alteration of actin polymerization and loss of actin filaments is a marker of cellular dedifferentiation and early malignant transformation. To study this phenomenon, an in vitro human urothelial model consisting of two cell lines, HUC-PC and MC-T11, were incorporated into the study design. These two cell lines have different malignant transformation potential. The effect of green tea extract (GTE), a potential anticancer agent, on actin remodeling was investigated. Upon exposure to the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), the untransformed HUC-PC undergoes malignant transformation whereas the transformed MC-T11 progresses from noninvasive to invasive tumor. GTE induces actin polymerization in MC-T11 cells in a dose-responsive manner, but this effect is less obvious in the untransformed, more differentiated HUC-PC cells, which natively have higher actin polymerization status. In contrast, GTE antagonizes carcinogen 4-ABP induced actin depolymerization and stress fiber disruption in HUC-PC cells. In MC-T11 cells, GTE inhibits 4-ABP induced motility by increasing cell adhesion and focal adhesion complex formation. The effect of GTE on actin remodeling seems to be mediated by the stimulation of small GTP-binding protein Rho activity, because C3 exoenzyme, a specific inhibitor for Rho, blocks GTE-mediated Rho activation and stress fiber formation in MC-T11 cells. This study shows that GTE exerts an effect on cytoskeletal actin remodeling and provides further support for the use of GTE as a chemopreventive agent.