A modified procedure for velopharyngeal sphincteroplasty in primary cleft palate repair and secondary velopharyngeal incompetence treatment and its preliminary results.

During cleft repair, velopharyngeal sphincter reconstruction is still a challenge to plastic surgeons. To improve the surgical treatment for cleft palate and secondary velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI), a carefully designed modified procedure for primary palatoplasty and secondary VPI was presented. Fifty-six patients (48 for primary cleft palate repair and eight for secondary VPI of previously repaired clefts) underwent this procedure from 1988 to 2001. The modified procedure is a combination of the tunnelled palatopharyngeus myomucosal flap for dynamic circular reconstruction of the pharyngeal element of the velopharyngeal sphincter and the double-reversing Z-plasty with levator velo palatini muscles reposition in the velar element of the sphincter. The satisfactory velopharyngeal competence (complete velopharyngeal closure and marginal velopharyngeal closure) was achieved in 23 of 25 patients with primary cleft palate repair examined by nasendoscopy and the nasality, speech articulation and intelligibility are also assessed in 25 primary cleft palate repaired patients with 92% satisfactory result (normal speech and speech with mild VPI) in single word test and 88% in continuous speech evaluation. Based on our experience, we believe that this modified procedure is a reasonable choice for primary cleft repair and secondary VPI treatment because it is in accord with normal physiology and anatomy of the velopharyngeal sphincter, can lengthen the soft palate, decrease the enlarged velopharynx, augment the posterior pharyngeal wall, and enhance the relationship between the muscles of velopharyngeal sphincter which results in a dynamic neo-sphincter in palatopharyngoplasty. Further study of the procedure is needed. The theoretical basis, operative highlights, velopharyngeal function, advantages and disadvantages of the modified procedure were discussed.     

难治性癫痫显微外科治疗的疗效分析

目的 报道应用显微外科治疗难治性癫痫的临床效果。方法应用三维痫灶定位诊疗计划对163例顽固性癫痫患者进行术前、术中致痫灶三维精确定位，然后在显微镜下采用几种术式结合的方法手术处理致痫灶、致痫网。术后随访1～2年，回顾性分析显微外科手术治疗的临床效果。结果结果发现术后癫痫发作完全消失52例（31．90％），发作显著改善83例（50．92％），改善较好10例（6．13％），改善较差15例（9．20％），发作无改善3例（1．84％），手术总有效率为88．96％，无效率为11.04％，术后88．96％以上的患者生活质量均有一定程度的提高。结论应用显微外科技术切除癫痫病灶可以明显减少术后并发症，提高临床疗效。     

改进原位肛门整形重建术的临床研究

目的探讨采用改进的四联术原位肛门整形重建术的效果。方法38例低位直肠癌行Miles根治术后行一期改进的四联术原位肛门整形重建术,改进包括:①肛门内括约肌改进为双层双套环;②肛门外括约肌改进为肛门外括约肌浅部与深部重建;③直肠角改进为肛提肌切缘牢固地缝合于肛门括约肌外面与结肠前壁;④直肠瓣改进为三个人工直肠瓣。结果38例术后肛门外形、功能及远期生存率均更为优良,术后肛门功能测试的总优良率达94·73%,远期生存率高达76·32%。结论改进的四联术原位肛门重建术的效果良好,改进术式的设计也更符合正常解剖结构与生理功能。     

介入和髓芯减压植骨治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨介入和髓芯减压、坏死区域掏空植骨治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法对57例患者采用介入和髓芯减压、坏死区域掏空植骨。结果57例经1~4·5年(平均2·9年)随访,效果满意。结论该方法损伤小,操作简便,是治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的有效方法。     

甲强龙对兔急性脊髓损伤后血、组织髓鞘碱性蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨大剂量甲强龙(methylprednisolone,MP)对兔急性脊髓损伤后(SCI)血清及髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelinbasicprotein,MBP)表达的影响。方法45只家兔分成3组,Ⅰ组为全椎板切除 生理盐水对照组,Ⅱ组为不完全性SCI 大剂量MP冲击治疗组。Ⅲ组为不完全性SCI 生理盐水。用改良Allens法造成Ⅱ、Ⅲ组不完全性SCI模型,通过ELISA、MBP免疫组化染色进行对比观察血及脊髓组织中MBP的变化。同时进行下肢运动功能评分和脊髓诱发电位测定比较神经功能改变情况。结果大剂量MP治疗组的血清中髓鞘碱性蛋白浓度较单纯损伤组明显下降,病理切片上组织的MBP髓鞘染色明显增加,病理损害减轻。结论大剂量甲强龙(MP)对能下调SCI血中的MBP浓度,减少损伤脊髓髓鞘组织中MBP的释放,从而减轻髓鞘组织的退变促进神经功能恢复。     

CO2气腹环境对胃癌细胞黏附与侵袭转移的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the adhesive and invasive ability of gastric cancer cells based on the expression of adhesive and invasive molecules. Methods With an artificial CO2 pneumoperitoneum model in vitro, human gastric cancer cells MKN-45, SGC-7901 and MKN-28 were exposed to 3 different CO2 gradients: 9 mm Hg, 15 mm Hg and control group (0 mm Hg). The expression of E-cadherin, ICAM-1, MMP-2 and VEGF-A were measured at 2 and 4 hours exposure by using RT-PCR, CytoMatrixTM kit and ECMatrixTM kit. The pretreated gastric cancer cells were injected into abdominal cavity of nude mice(2×106 cells per mouse). Five mice in each group were sacrificed 4 weeks later to record the number of tumor nodules in abdominal cavity. The remaining mice were kept for observation of survival time. Results The expression of E-cadherin (MKN-45: from 2.26 to 2.19, SGC-7901 :from 2.16 to 2.09、MKN-28 :from 2.06 to 1.99), ICAM-1 (MKN-45 : from 2.20 to 2.28、SGC-7901: from 2.10 to 2.18、MKN-28: from 2.00 to 2.08), MMP-2 (MKN-45:from 2.05 to 2.13、SGC-7901: from 1.95 to 2.03、MKN-28: from 1.85 to 1.93) and VEGF-A(MKN-45 : from 2.10 to 2.16、SGC-7901 :from 2.00 to 2.06、MKN-28: from 1.90 to 1.96) didn't change significantly with increasing pressure and time (P>0.05). The expression of adhesive and invasive molecules didn't change significantly between the experimental groups and the control group. There was no statistical significance of tumor metastasis in abdominal cavity of nude mice(MKN-45:from 22 to 23、SGC-7901 :from 20 to 22、MKN-28:from 21 to 22) and survival time(MKN-45 :from 23 to 21、SGC-7901 :from 22 to 21、MKN-28 :from 22 to 21) among all the groups. Conclusion Under low pressure and short time of CO2 exposure, the adhesive and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells did not change significantly hence did not increase the possibility of neoplasm metastasis.     

All-terrain vehicle injury patterns: are current regulations effective?

Purpose

All-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injuries continued to increase in recent years. We aimed to analyze the ATV injury patterns at our institution to help structure public awareness campaign and encourage governmental regulation, with the ultimate goal of injury prevention.

Methods

A retrospective review of all ATV-related admissions at a pediatric trauma center was performed.

Results

From 2001 to 2004, 50 ATV-related injuries requiring hospital admission were identified. The annual incidence had increased 2.5-fold from 2001 (8 admissions) to 2004 (20 admissions). The ages ranged from 3 to 17 years (median, 13 years), with equal sex distribution. Fifty-four percent of admissions were traumatic brain injuries, 28% had orthopedic injuries, 14% with facial fractures, and 4% with abdominal injuries. Average length of stay was 6 days (range, 1-47 days); 5 of the 7 intensive care unit admissions occurred in 2004. Eighty-four percent of patients did not wear helmet (97% among those from northern communities).

Conclusions

Both the incidence and severity of ATV-related injuries are increasing in a regional pediatric trauma center. There is a lack of regulation enforcement and public awareness of the danger of ATV use in children. Efforts to ensure helmet use and limit operator age are urgently needed to reduce childhood ATV-related injuries.     

ICU亚低温治疗患者的院内感染临床分析

亚低温治疗对心肺复苏后、中毒性脑病和颅脑损伤患的脑复苏具有重要的作用。然而据献报道，亚低温治疗较常温治疗患更易并发院内感染．发病率为12．96％。而国内尚未见对于在ICU接受亚低温治疗患院内感染发生情况的相关报道。笔对在2002年5月至2005年9月期间．收住ICU接受亚低温治疗的患进行院内感染的分析．发现亚低温治疗患院内感染发生率与常温治疗患相比无显性差异。现结合献报告如下。     

胃癌组织中HpureA基因表达

目的：了解胃癌组织AprueA基因表达状况,探讨HpureA基因与胃癌的关系。方法：采用Warthin-Starry银染、原位PCR方法检测慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）35例、慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）40例、胃癌（CG）35例胃粘膜Hp及ureA基因感染状况。观察非癌患者胃膜炎症反应程度。结果：慢性浅表性胃萎缩性胃炎、胃癌组织、癌旁胃粘膜组织Hp检出率分别为48．57％、62．5％、0、54．28％;ureA基因检率分别为51．42％、75％、37．14％、82．86％,萎缩性胃炎、癌旁组ureA基因检出率显著高于浅表性胃炎组（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）。非癌患者胃粘膜单个核细胞、分叶核细胞浸润程度ureA组、Hp^ 级较HP组显著增多（P＜0．01）。结论：纤维性胃炎、胃癌患者HpureA基因表达显著高于慢性浅表性胃炎组。Hp感染引更严重的炎症反应。说明Hp感染与萎缩性胃炎、胃癌关系,在胃癌的发生中起着重要作用。