药用辅料在制剂中的应用概述

药用辅料是药物制剂的基础材料的重要的组成部分,在制剂型和生产中起着关键作用,它不仅赋予药物一定剂型,并且与提高药物的疗效,降低毒副作用有很大的关系,因此,研究开发,合理应用辅仅可提高药物制剂质量和生产技术水平,而且可取得较大的社会及经济效益。     

颈部囊肿与瘘管的诊断和治疗

目的：总结颈部囊肿与瘘管的诊治经验。方法：93例行手术治疗,其中鳃裂囊肿15例,鳃裂瘘管10例,皮样囊肿1例,囊状淋巴管瘤4例,甲状舌骨囊肿37例,甲状舌管瘘管25例,癌性淋巴液囊肿1例,随访1－10年。结果：93例中,囊性淋巴管瘤1例复发后失访,另1例行2次手术,癌性淋巴液囊肿1例半年后死于肺转移,鳃裂瘘管2例3次手术,甲状舌管瘘管1例复发,鳃裂瘘管术后1例迟发性面瘫,一次手术治愈,无术后并发症。结论：颈部囊肿与瘘管的诊断除依据术前检查外,主要是依据术中的发现和术后病理检查。B超、CT等是有效的辅助检查.手段治疗上应彻底切除囊壁与瘘管,避免复发。术中应避免损伤颈部的大血管和神经。甲状舌管瘘管须切除舌骨中段2cm,这是防止术后复发的关键。     

脑梗死患者血浆神经肽Y、降钙素基因相关肽、神经降压素、胃动素动态变化及其临床意义

观察脑梗死(CI)患者神经肽Y(NPY)、神经降压素(NT)、胃动素(MTL)、降钙素基因 相关肽(CGRP)浓度变化及其临床意义。方法选择C162例,用放免法检测血浆NPY、NT、MTL与CGRP浓度。结果NPY、NT与MTL浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.0001);于发病后24h内显著升高,7d内达高峰,8～15d开始下降,15d后仍在较高水平。NPY浓度重型与大灶组显著高于轻型(P<0.05)与小灶组(P<0.01);发病积分≥6分组显著高于<6分组(P<0.05);高血压组显著高于正常血压组(P<0.05)。NT与MTL浓度重型组显著高于中(P<0.05)、轻型组(P<0.01);高血糖组显著高于正常血糖组(P<O.01)。CGRP浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.0001),发病24h内即显著降低,2～7d进一步降低,8～15d开始升高,15d后逐渐升至正常水平。重型与大灶组显著高于轻型(P<0.0001)、中型(P<0.01)与小灶组(P<0.01);伴发病积分≥6分组显著低于<6分组(P<0.05)。结论CI患者NPY、NT、MTL、CGRP浓度变化以7d内最显著,15d后逐渐恢复正常水平;四种浓度监测可作为判断CI患者病情严重程度、病灶大小及伴发病的实验室指标。     

蠕变局部损伤开裂的有限元模型

建立了蠕变局部损伤法模型,并给出单元进入损伤态的判据和失效的临界拉伸应变条件,局部蠕变损伤理论的实质就是试样是多种不同蠕变性能材料的统一,并由蠕变应力再分布得到证实,应用有限元对双缺口圆试样作了蠕变局部损伤分析,启裂时间和断裂蠕变应变值均与实验结果相吻合。     

Study of therapeutic mechanism of acupuncture in treating bronchial asthma

Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｂｙｍｏｄｅｒｎｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅｔｈａｔｂｒｏｎｃｈｉａｌａｓｔｈｍａｉｓａｃｈｒｏｎｉｃａｉｒｗａｙａｌｌｅｒｇｉｃｉｎｆｌａｍｍａｔｉｏｎ（ＡＡＩ）ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｆａｃｔｏｒｔｈａｔｉｎｄｕｃｅｓｒｅｖｅｒｓｉｂｌｅａｉｒｗａｙｖｅｎｔｉｌａｔｉｎｇｄｉｓｔｕｒｂａｎｃｅａｎｄｂｒｏｎｃｈｉａｌｈｙｐｅｒ ｒｅ ｓｐｏｎｓｉｖｅｎｅｓｓ（ＢＨＲ）ｉｎａｓｔｈｍａｔｉｃｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓａｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔ…     

Off-clamp Retroperitoneoscopic Tumour Evacuation for Sporadic Renal Angiomyolipomas with High RENAL Nephrometry Scores: A Novel Surgical Technique and Its Outcomes

BackgroundPartial nephrectomy or angioembolisation is commonly used for sporadic renal angiomyolipomas (RAMLs) with high RENAL scores, but there is a risk of reduced renal function, postoperative complications, and recurrence.ObjectiveTo describe a new technique for off-clamp laparoscopic evacuation of sporadic RAMLs with high RENAL scores that promotes maximal renal function maintenance and low postoperative complication and lesion recurrence rates.Design, setting, and participantsA retrospective cohort of patients undergoing off-clamp laparoscopic evacuation for sporadic RAMLs with RENAL scores ≥9 from January 2013 to June 2018 was included.Surgical procedureWe highlighted the curettage, suction, packing, and binding (CSPB) technique, a new off-clamp retroperitoneoscopic evacuation technique for sporadic RAMLs.MeasurementsDemographics, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative outcomes were assessed.Results and limitationsA total of 141 cases were included. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) tumour size was 7 (6.2–8.2) cm. The median (IQR) RENAL score was 10 (9–11). The median (IQR) operative time was 80 (65–125) min, with a median (IQR) estimated blood loss of 130 (90–362.5) ml. Conversion to neither open surgery nor standard laparoscopy occurred. The warm ischaemia time was zero for all cases. Postoperatively, 13 minor complications (Clavien grade 1) were recorded. No blood transfusions were reported. The glomerular filtration rate did not change significantly from preoperative period to 12-mo follow-up. Recurrence did not occur at the median follow-up period of 48 (36–60) mo. The retrospective design and lack of a control group are limitations of this study.ConclusionsOff-clamp retroperitoneoscopic tumour evacuation using the CSPB technique is feasible, safe, and effective for treating complex sporadic RAMLs.Patient summaryWe report a curettage, suction, packing, and binding technique for off-clamp retroperitoneoscopic evacuation of sporadic renal angiomyolipomas that leads to complete lesion clearance, excellent renal function preservation, and minimal perioperative complications.     

Approach selection and outcomes of craniopharyngioma resection: a single-institute study

Neurosurgical Review - Since there are many approaches for successful craniopharyngioma resection, how to choose a suitable approach remains problematic. The aim of this study was to summarize...     

Despite Equivalent Outcomes,Men Receive Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Less Often Than Women for Lymph Node-Positive Breast Cancer

Annals of Surgical Oncology -