谢强中医围手术期平衡康复疗法结合电子喉镜手术治疗声带息肉60例疗效观察

目的:比较谢强中医围手术期平衡康复疗法结合电子喉镜手术与电子喉镜手术结合药物治疗声带息肉的疗效差异。方法:将120例声带息肉患者随机分为两组,每组60例。试验组电子喉镜手术前均予以"开音1号"和"开音2号"穴、内关穴、三阴交穴针刺;术后予以"开音1号"和"开音2号"穴、合谷穴、足三里穴针刺。对照组采用电子喉镜手术,术后口服抗生素及激素治疗。两组均治疗10d。结果:两组患者疗效比较,治疗后两组症状总积分均下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),且试验组症状总积分的改善优于对照组(P<0.05);试验组愈显率为95%,优于对照组的65%(P<0.05)。结论:谢氏围手术期中医平衡康复疗法结合电子喉镜手术治疗声带息肉优于电子喉镜手术结合药物治疗。     

品管圈活动提高基层医院手术器械准备完好率

目的提高基层医院手术器械准备完好率。方法运用品管圈活动,分析讨论基层医院手术器械准备遗漏的成因,制定相应的对策并组织实施。结果实施品管圈活动前后,手术器械准备完好率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),目标达成率为115.94%。结论通过品管圈活动,可显著提高基层医院手术器械准备完好率,同时也发掘了圈员的潜在能力,增强了团队的协作精神。     

Solid lipid nanoparticles for enhancing vinpocetine's oral bioavailability.

An ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique was adopted to prepare vinpocetine loaded Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) nanodispersions with narrow size distribution. To increase the lipid load the process was conducted at 50 degrees C, and in order to prepare nanoparticle using an ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique. The mean particle size and droplet size distribution, drug loading capacity, drug entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential, and long-term physical stability of the SLNs were investigated in detail respectively. Drug release from two sorts of VIN-SLN was studied using a dialysis bag method. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in male rats after oral administration of 10 mg kg(-1) VIN in different formulations, it was found that the relative bioavailability of VIN in SLNs was significantly increased compared with that of the VIN solution. The amount of surfactant also had a marked effect on the oral absorption of VIN with SLN formulations. The absorption mechanism of the SLN formulations was also discussed. These results indicated that VIN absorption is enhanced significantly by employing SLN formulations. SLNs offer a new approach to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.     

修复神经节段性缺损的人工神经桥接物微观空间结构特征

背景:神经组织再生的特殊性导致始终没有一种成熟和完整的系统来解决神经组织节段性损伤后的修复问题。利用组织工程的方法去实现这个目标具有极大的难度与挑战性。目的:研制一种可用于临床神经损伤修复的人工神经桥接物,并对其进行微观空间结构的研究。设计:开放性实验研究。单位:解放军第四军医大学西京医院全军骨科研究所。材料:实验于2001-11/2003-01在解放军第四军医大学西京医院全军骨科研究所完成。Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白、明胶购于美国Sigma-aldrich公司。方法:制备桥接材料:分别将Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原蛋白放入0.05 mol/L醋酸溶液中高速搅拌制成悬浊液,混合两种悬浊液保持4℃恒温搅拌,制成胶原蛋白和硫酸类肝素的悬浊液,抽真空静置后注入内径为3 mm的硅胶管中密封两端,分别以5种不同速度(10×10-5 m/s,5×10-5 m/s,2.5×10-5 m/s,1.0×10-5 m/s,1.0×10-6 m/s)进行冷淋、赋型。行大体观察。并将以不同速度制成的各组材料切成横截面、纵截面以及45°斜截面以备光学显微镜观察。同时在扫描电镜下进行内部微管结构的观察,并进行材料内部的微管直径的计算,实际孔径=(放大率×微管面积)÷(标尺长度×孔周长)。主要观察指标:①桥接材料的大体观察结果。②桥接材料的显微镜观察结果。③桥接材料的扫描电镜观察结果以及材料内部的微管直径。结果:①大体观察:制备出的材料均为规则的圆柱体,且外型均匀。柔韧性较好,质地均匀,弹性较强。②光学显微镜结果:材料外表面为全封闭结构,无孔裂;表面光滑平整,连续性好。③电镜观察结果:材料的外表面为叠瓦状,内部的微管结构均匀,走行一致,且基本相互平行;纵向走行的微管之间相互独立,且呈封闭状态,无互通的桥连管道相连接,与生物体神经的纤维束的走行特点完全相同。材料内部微管的横截面基本为圆型,形状较为规则,直径大小较为均匀。材料内部的微管连续性好,无中断或横隔,且微管的小梁壁连续性好,表面光滑,无褶皱。材料内部的微管直径为197.3～258.8μm。结论:利用生物相容性较好且可降解的胶原和明胶经混合溶解及冷淋后形成具有单一纵向微管的神经桥接物,具有与正常神经高度仿生的微结构,可用作基础研究与临床神经损伤修复的替代物。     

Systematic Prioritization and Integrative Analysis of Copy Number Variations in Schizophrenia Reveal Key Schizophrenia Susceptibility Genes

Schizophrenia is a common mental disorder with high heritability and strong genetic heterogeneity. Common disease-common variants hypothesis predicts that schizophrenia is attributable in part to common genetic variants. However, recent studies have clearly demonstrated that copy number variations (CNVs) also play pivotal roles in schizophrenia susceptibility and explain a proportion of missing heritability. Though numerous CNVs have been identified, many of the regions affected by CNVs show poor overlapping among different studies, and it is not known whether the genes disrupted by CNVs contribute to the risk of schizophrenia. By using cumulative scoring, we systematically prioritized the genes affected by CNVs in schizophrenia. We identified 8 top genes that are frequently disrupted by CNVs, including NRXN1, CHRNA7, BCL9, CYFIP1, GJA8, NDE1, SNAP29, and GJA5. Integration of genes affected by CNVs with known schizophrenia susceptibility genes (from previous genetic linkage and association studies) reveals that many genes disrupted by CNVs are also associated with schizophrenia. Further protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicates that protein products of genes affected by CNVs frequently interact with known schizophrenia-associated proteins. Finally, systematic integration of CNVs prioritization data with genetic association and PPI data identifies key schizophrenia candidate genes. Our results provide a global overview of genes impacted by CNVs in schizophrenia and reveal a densely interconnected molecular network of de novo CNVs in schizophrenia. Though the prioritized top genes represent promising schizophrenia risk genes, further work with different prioritization methods and independent samples is needed to confirm these findings. Nevertheless, the identified key candidate genes may have important roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and further functional characterization of these genes may provide pivotal targets for future therapeutics and diagnostics.Key words: schizophrenia, copy number variation, prioritization, integrative analysis, NRXN1, CHRNA7     

Thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis in children with severe post-tubercular kyphotic deformities treated by single-stage closing–opening wedge osteotomy: preliminary report a 4-year follow-up of 12 patients

Purpose

The correction of severe post-tubercular kyphosis (PTK) is complex and has the disadvantage of being multistaged with a high morbidity. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of children who underwent single-stage closing–opening wedge osteotomy as a surgical treatment of PTK of the thoracolumbar spine.

Method

Our study group included 12 children with thoracolumbar PTK (seven boys and five girls) with an average age of 9.4 years (range 6–12 years), who were treated at our institution from January 2004 to October 2009. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale and visual analog scale score were used to classify neurologic function. All patients underwent halo-pelvic traction before surgery and were treated with single-stage closing–opening wedge osteotomy.

Result

The duration of surgery averaged 99 min (range 70–150 min). Average blood loss was 782 ml (range 560–1,200 ml), and the average length of hospital stay was 12 days (range 8–16 days). The neurological function of all patients improved significantly after the procedure. The mean preoperative kyphotic angle was 83.3° (range 59–118°), which had reduced to 27.6° (range 20–38°) at the final follow-up visit. All patients had solid fusion, and no major complications were observed through the final follow-up visit.

Conclusion

Single-stage closing–opening wedge osteotomy is an effective method to correct severe thoracolumbar PTK. A main advantage of the procedure is that it is a posterior-only, single-staged surgery, allowing for significant correction with minimal complications.     

Comparing algorithms for deriving psychosis diagnoses from longitudinal administrative clinical records

Purpose

Registers derived from administrative datasets are valuable tools in psychosis research, but diagnostic accuracy can be problematic. We sought to compare the relative performance of four methods for assigning a single diagnosis from longitudinal administrative clinical records when compared with reference diagnoses.

Methods

Diagnoses recorded in inpatient and community mental health records were compared to research diagnoses of psychotic disorders obtained from semi-structured clinical interviews for 289 persons. Diagnoses were derived from administrative datasets using four algorithms; ‘At least one’ diagnosis, ‘Last’ or most recent diagnosis, ‘Modal’ or most frequently occurring diagnosis, and ‘Hierarchy’ in which a diagnostic hierarchy was applied. Agreements between algorithm-based and reference diagnoses for overall presence/absence of psychosis and for specific diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and affective psychosis were examined using estimated prevalence rates, overall agreement, ROC analysis, and kappa statistics.

Results

For the presence/absence of psychosis, the most sensitive and least specific algorithm (‘At least one’ diagnosis) performed best. For schizophrenia, ‘Modal’ and ‘Last’ diagnoses had greatest agreement with reference diagnosis. For affective psychosis, ‘Hierarchy’ diagnosis performed best. Agreement between clinical and reference diagnoses was no better than chance for diagnoses of schizoaffective disorder. Overall agreement between administrative and reference diagnoses was modest, but may have been limited by the use of participants who had been screened for likely psychosis prior to assessment.

Conclusion

The choice of algorithm for extracting a psychosis diagnosis from administrative datasets may have a substantial impact on the accuracy of the diagnoses derived. An ‘Any diagnosis’ algorithm provides a sensitive measure for the presence of any psychosis, while ‘Last diagnosis’ is more accurate for specific diagnosis of schizophrenia and a hierarchical diagnosis is more accurate for affective psychosis.