Prostatic epithelial cells and their high expressions of CKIP-1 affect the TGF-β1 expression levels which might reduce the scar formation in remodeling stage at prostatic urethral wounds after wound repair

International Urology and Nephrology - There are less scar formations in some wounds after wound repair. Our earlier study had shown that the amount of collagen fibers in canine prostatic urethra...     

眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法矫正轻度上睑下垂的临床疗效分析

目的探讨眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法矫正轻度上睑下垂的效果。方法回顾性分析北京大学深圳医院2018年1月至2020年1月收治的轻度上睑下垂患者的临床资料,均由同一术者应用眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法进行治疗,记录术后并发症;术后6个月评估双眼对称性,包括优、良好、差;术后12个月评价上睑下垂矫正效果,包括矫正良好、基本矫正、矫正欠佳、矫正过度。结果共纳入85例患者,男36例,女49例,年龄(25.0±4.1)岁,其中双侧62例,单侧23例。获随访12个月。术后所有患者无血肿、感染、暴露性角膜炎、穹隆结膜脱垂等并发症发生。85例中双眼对称性达优者63例,良好17例,差5例,优良率为94.1%(80/85)。上睑下垂矫正良好72例,基本矫正9例,矫正欠佳4例,手术有效率为95.3%(81/85)。结论应用眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法矫正轻度上睑下垂,操作简单、易掌握,损伤较小,安全而有效。     

A mobile hemangioblastoma of the cauda equina: Case report and review of the literature

Context: Cases of migratory spinal tumors have been reported since 1963. Most involve spinal schwannomas, which are benign tumors of the lining of nerve cells. We report a rare case of a mobile spinal hemangioblastoma, which is a type of benign vascular tumor.

Findings: A 50-year-old man visited the hospital for painful swelling in his lower back. An MRI scan indicated that a lesion was at the L5 vertebral level. Two weeks later, however, an enhanced MRI showed that the lesion had migrated to the L4 vertebral level. During surgery, the location of the lesion remained consistent with the enhanced MRI reviewed. The histopathological diagnosis was hemangioblastoma.

Conclusion: This is the first known report of a mobile spinal hemangioblastoma. Mobile spinal hemangioblastoma requires careful preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of its real-time location to avoid performing surgery at the wrong vertebral level.     

miR-188-5p promotes oxaliplatin resistance by targeting RASA1 in colon cancer cells

The efficacy of chemotherapy for colon cancer is limited due to the development of chemoresistance. MicroRNA (miR)-188-5p is downregulated in various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the molecular role of miR-188 in oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance. An OXA-resistant colon cancer cell line, SW480/OXA, was used to examine the effects of miR-188-5p on the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to OXA. The target of miR-188-5p was identified using a luciferase assay. Cell cycle distribution was also assessed using flow cytometry. The measurement of p21 protein expression, Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was used to evaluate apoptosis. The expression of miR-188-5p significantly increased in SW480/OXA compared with wild-type SW480 cells. The luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-188-5p inhibited Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (RASA1; also known as p120/RasGAP) luciferase activity by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of RASA1 mRNA, suggesting that miR-188-5p could target RASA1. In addition, miR-188-5p downregulation or RASA1 overexpression promoted the chemosensitivity of SW480/OXA, as evidenced by increased apoptosis and G₁/S cell cycle arrest. Moreover, RASA1 silencing abrogated the increase in cell apoptosis induced by the miR-188-5p inhibitor. The findings of the present study suggested that miR-188-5p could enhance colon cancer cell chemosensitivity by promoting the expression of RASA1.     

Future of targeted therapy for gastrointestinal cancer: Claudin 18.2

The treatment of gastrointestinal cancer has always been a crucial research area, and targeted therapy has been receiving increasing attention. At present, the effect of targeted therapy is unsatisfactory for gastric cancer. Thus, the discovery of new targets is crucial. Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), a member of the claudin family, belongs to the tight junction protein family that controls the flow of molecules between cell layers. CLDN18.2 expression has been discussed in many studies. In recent years, there have been many studies on targeted therapy with CLDN18.2-ideal monoclonal antibody 362. Furthermore, CLDN18.2-specific chimeric antigen receptor T therapy has been used for CLDN18.2-positive tumors, such as gastric and pancreatic cancers. Considerable research has been focused on CLDN18.2. CLDN18.2, a newly discovered marker for precise targeted therapy of gastric cancer, could offer new hope for the treatment of gastric cancer.     

Gold-based nanomaterials for the treatment of brain cancer

Brain cancer, also known as intracranial cancer, is one of the most invasive and fatal cancers affecting people of all ages. Despite the great advances in medical technology, improvements in transporting drugs into brain tissue have been limited by the challenge of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Fortunately, recent endeavors using gold-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have indicated the potential of these materials to cross the BBB. Therefore, GBNs might be an attractive therapeutic strategy against brain cancer. Herein, we aim to present a comprehensive summary of current understanding of the critical effects of the physicochemical properties and surface modifications of GBNs on BBB penetration for applications in brain cancer treatment. Furthermore, the most recent GBNs and their impressive performance in precise bioimaging and efficient inhibition of brain tumors are also summarized, with an emphasis on the mechanism of their effective BBB penetration. Finally, the challenges and future outlook in using GBNs for brain cancer treatment are discussed. We hope that this review will spark researchers’ interest in constructing more powerful nanoplatforms for brain disease treatment.