全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1188篇 |
免费 | 61篇 |
国内免费 | 21篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 6篇 |
儿科学 | 68篇 |
妇产科学 | 11篇 |
基础医学 | 133篇 |
口腔科学 | 19篇 |
临床医学 | 124篇 |
内科学 | 238篇 |
皮肤病学 | 31篇 |
神经病学 | 65篇 |
特种医学 | 145篇 |
外科学 | 190篇 |
综合类 | 45篇 |
预防医学 | 88篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 56篇 |
肿瘤学 | 49篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 21篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 26篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 57篇 |
2009年 | 55篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 59篇 |
2006年 | 54篇 |
2005年 | 39篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 28篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 29篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 43篇 |
1997年 | 48篇 |
1996年 | 49篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 29篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1270条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Arash Mahboobin Patrick Loughlin Chris Atkeson Mark Redfern 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》2009,47(9):921-929
A key finding of human balance experiments has been that the integration of sensory information utilized for postural control
appears to be dynamically regulated to adapt to changing environmental conditions and the available sensory information, a
process referred to as “sensory re-weighting.” We propose a postural control model that includes automatic sensory re-weighting.
This model is an adaptation of a previously reported model of sensory feedback that included manual sensory re-weighting.
The new model achieves sensory re-weighting that is physiologically plausible and readily implemented. Model simulations are
compared to previously reported experimental results to demonstrate the automated sensory re-weighting strategy of the modified
model. On the whole, the postural sway time series generated by the model with automatic sensory re-weighting show good agreement
with experimental data, and are capable of producing patterns similar to those observed experimentally. 相似文献
52.
Musa Citak Markus Oszwald Padhraig F. O’Loughlin Mustafa Citak Daniel Kendoff Tobias Hüfner Christian Krettek 《Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery》2010,130(4):513-518
Purpose
The aim of our study was to produce a 3-D reconstruction of a CT dataset and compare it to the conventional method, with that same dataset, in terms of precision and the influence of femoral positioning. 相似文献53.
KI Wheeler GM Schmölzer CJ Morley PG Davis 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2011,100(1):67-70
Background: Ventilator frequency is one of the determinants of tidal volume delivery during high‐frequency ventilation. Clinicians increasingly use data on ventilator displays to inform their decisions. Aim: To measure the frequencies delivered by the Dräger Babylog 8000plus ventilator when used in high‐frequency mode. Methods: Ventilator waveforms using a test lung were recorded at the full range of settings 5–20 Hz using Spectra software at 1000 Hz. The changes in frequency produced by a 1‐ Hz change in set frequency were calculated. Actual and displayed frequencies were compared. Results: For settings up to 12 Hz, median (range) difference between set and delivered frequencies was 0 (?0.4 to +0.1) Hz. Above 12 Hz, delivered frequency varied by ?0.3 (?1.9 to +0.3) Hz. For 1‐ Hz changes in frequency settings, in the range 5–12 Hz, 1‐ Hz changes produced a change in delivered frequency of 1.0 (0.6–1.4) Hz. Above 12 Hz, the corresponding changes were 0.7 (0–2.9) Hz. The ventilator displays the set frequency during operation rather than the delivered frequency. Conclusion: At 12 Hz and below, the differences between set and delivered frequencies were relatively small compared with those at 13 Hz and higher. Above 13 Hz, the difference between set and delivered frequencies was up to 2.9 Hz. Some frequency setting changes did not result in a change in delivered frequency. 相似文献
54.
55.
56.
José GM Hofhuis Henk F van Stel Augustinus JP Schrijvers Johannes H Rommes Jan Bakker Peter E Spronk 《Critical care (London, England)》2009,13(1):118-3
During recent years increasing attention has been given to the quality of survival in critical care. Health-related quality
of life (HRQOL) is an important issue both for patients and their families. Furthermore, admission to the intensive care unit
can have adverse psychological effects in critically ill patients. Recent studies conducted in critically ill patients have
measured HRQOL. However, usually absent from such reports are evaluations of conceptual issues, addressing factors such as
why HRQOL should be measured in critically ill patients, how to define and standardize domains of HRQOL, whether proxies can
provide useful information about HRQOL in critically ill patients, whether response shift occurs in critically ill patients,
and whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in critically ill patients. Some studies reported moderate agreement
between patients and their proxies, although lower levels of agreement may be reported for psychosocial or physical functioning.
Response shift (adaptation and change in perception) appears to be an important phenomenon and likely to be present, but it
is seldom measured when estimating HRQOL in critically ill patients. Furthermore, vigilance for symptoms of PTSD and early
interventions to prevent PTSD are needed. 相似文献
57.
Jack X Yu Anieta M Sieuwerts Yi Zhang John WM Martens Marcel Smid Jan GM Klijn Yixin Wang John A Foekens 《BMC cancer》2007,7(1):182
Background
Published prognostic gene signatures in breast cancer have few genes in common. Here we provide a rationale for this observation by studying the prognostic power and the underlying biological pathways of different gene signatures. 相似文献58.
Loughlin J Sinsheimer JS Mustafa Z Carr AJ Clipsham K Bloomfield VA Chitnavis J Bailey A Sykes B Chapman K 《The Journal of rheumatology》2000,27(3):779-784
OBJECTIVE: Evidence has accumulated supporting a role for genes in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA). Several candidates have been targeted as potential susceptibility loci including genes that are involved in the regulation of bone density. Genetic association analysis has suggested a role for the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and the estrogen receptor gene (ER) in susceptibility. Such findings must be tested in additional independent cohorts. We tested for association of these 2 genes, plus a third gene implicated in bone density, COL1A1, with idiopathic OA. METHODS: A case-control cohort of 371 affected probands and 369 unaffected spouses was used. Association was tested using 4 intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), one each for the VDR and COL1A1 genes, and 2 for the ER gene. The VDR and ER SNP are the same SNP that have been associated with OA. All 4 SNP affect restriction enzyme sites and were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and enzyme digestion. Allele and genotype distributions for each SNP were compared between cases and controls and analyzed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There was no evidence of association of the VDR or the ER gene SNP to OA. There was weak evidence of association of the COL1A1 SNP in female cases (p = 0.017), reflected by a difference in the distribution of genotypes at this SNP between female cases and controls (p = 0.027). However, when corrected for multiple testing, these results were not significant. CONCLUSION: If the VDR, ER, or COL1A1 genes do encode predisposition to OA then the 4 SNP tested are not associated with major susceptibility alleles at these 3 loci. 相似文献
59.
Junran Cao Shahrdad Lotfipour Sandra E Loughlin Frances M Leslie 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,32(11):2279-2289
Both clinical and animal studies have shown that adolescents undergo a late maturation of the central nervous system, which may underlie adolescent typical behaviors. In particular, decreased behavioral response to cocaine has been found in adolescents as compared to adults. In the present study, cocaine was used as a tool to explore adolescent brain maturation. Juvenile (postnatal day (P) 27), adolescent (P37), and adult (P90) male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated acutely with cocaine (750 microg/kg/injection x 2, i.v.), and c-fos mRNA expression, a marker of neuronal activation, was evaluated by in situ hybridization. Cocaine-induced c-fos mRNA was similar across ages in the dorsal caudate putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens, and lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. In contrast, there was a diminished response in juvenile/adolescent ventral CPu and in juvenile central nucleus of the amygdala, and an increased response in juvenile/adolescent cortex. Further studies evaluated the mechanism of the late maturation of cocaine response in ventral CPu. No significant age differences were observed in regional dopamine (DA) transporter binding. Although striatal DA content was significantly reduced at P27 as compared to adult, there was no difference between dorsal and ventral subregions. In contrast, basal- and cocaine-induced extracellular DA overflow, as measured by in vivo microdialysis, was lower in juvenile ventral CPu than in the adults. This age difference was not observed in dorsal CPu. These findings suggest that impulse activity in DA afferents to ventral CPu is immature in adolescents. In conclusion, the present study showed that cocaine-sensitive neuronal circuits continue to mature during adolescence. 相似文献
60.
Patricia M. San Antonio Lori Simon-Rusinowitz Dawn Loughlin J. Kevin Eckert Kevin J. Mahoney 《Health services research》2007,42(1P2):533-549
Objective. To examine how the lives of consumers and their caregivers were affected by making choices and controlling their own resources with the cash option, this paper focuses on six case studies from the Cash and Counseling Demonstration Program.
Data Sources. Twenty-one consumers, caregivers, and state consultants were interviewed about their experiences in the program.
Study Design. The data come from a larger study of over 200 interviews conducted from June 2000 to August 2004. Interview data were analyzed for themes about caregiving and program satisfaction.
Principal Findings. Cash and Counseling benefited consumers and caregivers by allowing consumers increased continuity and reliability of care, increased ability to set hours of care, more satisfaction with how caregiving is offered and more satisfaction with the quality of care.
Conclusions. The cash option allowed consumers to create, schedule, and manage their own model of care. Some consumers faced challenges in the program with paperwork, accounting, worries about receiving care, and some ineffective state consultants who could have been more helpful. 相似文献
Data Sources. Twenty-one consumers, caregivers, and state consultants were interviewed about their experiences in the program.
Study Design. The data come from a larger study of over 200 interviews conducted from June 2000 to August 2004. Interview data were analyzed for themes about caregiving and program satisfaction.
Principal Findings. Cash and Counseling benefited consumers and caregivers by allowing consumers increased continuity and reliability of care, increased ability to set hours of care, more satisfaction with how caregiving is offered and more satisfaction with the quality of care.
Conclusions. The cash option allowed consumers to create, schedule, and manage their own model of care. Some consumers faced challenges in the program with paperwork, accounting, worries about receiving care, and some ineffective state consultants who could have been more helpful. 相似文献