全文获取类型
收费全文 | 37672篇 |
免费 | 3001篇 |
国内免费 | 363篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 409篇 |
儿科学 | 1055篇 |
妇产科学 | 1032篇 |
基础医学 | 4802篇 |
口腔科学 | 626篇 |
临床医学 | 3996篇 |
内科学 | 8051篇 |
皮肤病学 | 877篇 |
神经病学 | 2630篇 |
特种医学 | 1256篇 |
外科学 | 5078篇 |
综合类 | 1209篇 |
一般理论 | 35篇 |
预防医学 | 2132篇 |
眼科学 | 1630篇 |
药学 | 2839篇 |
中国医学 | 312篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3067篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 295篇 |
2022年 | 572篇 |
2021年 | 1042篇 |
2020年 | 656篇 |
2019年 | 838篇 |
2018年 | 1063篇 |
2017年 | 808篇 |
2016年 | 914篇 |
2015年 | 1099篇 |
2014年 | 1455篇 |
2013年 | 1730篇 |
2012年 | 2493篇 |
2011年 | 2599篇 |
2010年 | 1501篇 |
2009年 | 1330篇 |
2008年 | 2040篇 |
2007年 | 2117篇 |
2006年 | 2095篇 |
2005年 | 2039篇 |
2004年 | 1803篇 |
2003年 | 1681篇 |
2002年 | 1485篇 |
2001年 | 1138篇 |
2000年 | 1062篇 |
1999年 | 926篇 |
1998年 | 402篇 |
1997年 | 299篇 |
1996年 | 269篇 |
1995年 | 218篇 |
1994年 | 213篇 |
1993年 | 206篇 |
1992年 | 460篇 |
1991年 | 444篇 |
1990年 | 429篇 |
1989年 | 402篇 |
1988年 | 354篇 |
1987年 | 376篇 |
1986年 | 331篇 |
1985年 | 278篇 |
1984年 | 208篇 |
1983年 | 152篇 |
1982年 | 103篇 |
1981年 | 92篇 |
1980年 | 91篇 |
1979年 | 145篇 |
1978年 | 90篇 |
1977年 | 77篇 |
1976年 | 79篇 |
1975年 | 80篇 |
1972年 | 71篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
Ju‐Yeon Cho Won Sohn Yong‐Han Paik Geum‐Youn Gwak Moon Seok Choi Joon Hyeok Lee Kwang Cheol Koh Seung Woon Paik Chan Guk Park 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2020,27(9):951-954
The aim of this study was to investigate the on‐treatment kinetics of quantitative HBsAg during entecavir therapy to predict the treatment period needed to achieve functional cure. From a cohort of 1009 CHB treatment‐naïve patients who were started on entecavir, the kinetics of quantitative HBsAg decline was assessed in 410 patients by a linear mixed model. The difference in the kinetics of quantitative HBsAg was determined based on the HBeAg positivity, HBeAg seroclearance and presence of baseline liver cirrhosis. Among the 410 patients, 213 patients (52.0%) were HBeAg‐positive and 217 patients (66.1%) were male with a median age of 48 years. During a median follow‐up of 53.5 months, the quantitative HBsAg level showed a slow but consistent decrease. The expected log qHBsAg levels as a function of time during entecavir treatment in HBeAg(+) and HBeAg(?) patients were 3.4773‐0.0039 × Months and 3.1853‐0.0036 × Months, respectively. The estimated time to clearance of quantitative HBsAg in our study was greater than 74.1 years in HBeAg‐positive patients and 73.5 years in HBeAg‐negative patients. The calculated time to achieve functional cure is lifelong without regard to HBeAg seroclearance or presence of liver cirrhosis. The mathematical modelling from a long‐term follow‐up of chronic hepatitis B patients on entecavir shows that HBsAg clearance requires decades of treatment. Thus, lifelong therapy is inevitable in entecavir‐treated patients to achieve functional cure. 相似文献
993.
Mariana Alves Fonseca Joanna Zhi Jie Ling Omar Al‐Siyabi Vanessa Co‐Tanko Edwin Chan Seng Gee Lim 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2020,27(7):650-662
Current therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) include nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and interferon (IFN), but their relative efficacy as monotherapy or in combination has not been examined systematically for HBsAg loss (functional cure). Hence, we systematically reviewed the evidence for HBsAg loss in CHB patients treated with IFN, NA or the combination. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and abstracts from EASL, Asia Pacific Association for study of the Liver and American Association for the Study of Liver Disease for randomized controlled trials of CHB patients, comparing NA, IFN or the combination. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool v2.0 and GRADE method were used. Analyses were stratified by NA genetic barrier, cirrhosis, type of combination therapy, HBeAg, treatment naivety, IFN dosage/duration and outcome duration. Sensitivity analysis was performed for selected strata, and HBsAg loss was measured at the end‐of‐study (EOS), end‐of‐treatment (EOT) or end‐of‐follow‐up (EOF). Effects were reported as risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random‐effects model. Forty‐five studies were included, all with low risk of bias. For HBsAg loss at EOS, when comparing combination vs IFN, RD = 1%, 95%CI‐1%, 2%; combination vs NA, RD = 5%, 95%CI 3%,7%; IFN vs NA, RD = 3%, 95%CI 2%,5%. Subgroup analysis showed a significant effect of standard IFN dose vs nonstandard; IFN duration ≥48 weeks vs <48 weeks, and loss of efficacy >2 years of follow‐up. Similar findings were seen in HBsAg seroconversion, but only three studies reported HBsAg seroreversion. In conclusion, IFN monotherapy/combination had a small but significant increase in HBsAg loss over NA, associated with standard dose of IFN and ≥48 weeks of therapy, although this effect faded over time. 相似文献
994.
995.
Mi Na Kim Hyun Ki Kim Choong Nam Shim Hyun Jik Lee Hyuk Lee Jun Chul Park Sung Kwan Shin Sang Kil Lee Yong Chan Lee 《Digestive and liver disease》2014,46(10):898-902
Background
Endoscopic submucosal dissection is applied in selected cases of signet ring cell early gastric cancer. However, factors related to curability of signet ring cell early gastric cancer with this method have not been fully evaluated. Our aim was to evaluate factors related to incomplete resection in signet ring cell early gastric cancer with endoscopic submucosal dissection.Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on a total of 126 consecutive patients with signet ring cell early gastric cancer who had undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection at the Severance Hospital in Korea, between March 2007 and March 2012. The clinical outcomes were reviewed and factors related to incomplete resection were analysed.Results
Multivariate analysis showed that large tumour size was the only significant factor related to incomplete resection (P = 0.006; hazard ratio, 1.040; 95% confidence interval, 1.101–1.084). In addition, large tumour size was the only significant factor related to endoscopic size underestimation (P < 0.001; hazard ratio, 1.391; 95% confidence interval, 1.221–1.586). The rate of endoscopic size underestimation was significantly higher in tumours with a size ≥20 mm (P < 0.001).Conclusions
To improve the curability of signet ring cell early gastric cancer with endoscopic submucosal dissection, larger tumours (especially tumour with a size ≥20 mm) should be resected with a larger margin. 相似文献996.
Chan Ho Kim Hyung Jung Oh Mi Jung Lee Young Eun Kwon Yung Ly Kim Ki Heon Nam Kyoung Sook Park Seong Yeong An Kwang Il Ko Hyang Mo Koo Fa Mee Doh Seung Hyeok Han Tae-Hyun Yoo Beom Seok Kim Shin-Wook Kang Kyu Hun Choi 《Yonsei medical journal》2014,55(1):141-148
Purpose
The effect of different peritoneal dialysis (PD) modalities on the decline in residual renal function (RRF) is unclear due to inconsistencies among studies. In particular, the effect of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) modalities [continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and nightly intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD)] on RRF has not been examined in a large cohort.Materials and Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective study to investigate the association between PD modalities and decline in RRF in 142 incident PD patients [34 on CCPD, 36 on NIPD, and 72 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. RRF was measured within 2 months from PD start and at 1 year after PD initiation.Results
The RRF at 1 year after PD initiation was 1.98±2.20 mL/min/1.73 m2 in CCPD patients and 3.63±3.67 mL/min/1.73 m2 in NIPD patients, which were moderately lower than 4.23±3.51 mL/min/1.73 m2 in CAPD patients (p=0.064). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the 1-year rate of decline of RRF between CCPD and NIPD patients, although APD patients had a faster 1-year RRF decline rate than CAPD patients (CCPD and NIPD vs. CAPD: -45.68 and -36.69 vs. 1.17%/year, p=0.045). APD was associated with a more rapid decline in RRF in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing PD, although multivariate analysis attenuated the significance of this finding (β=-31.50; 95% CI, -63.61 to 0.62; p=0.052).Conclusion
Our results suggest that CAPD might be more helpful than APD for preserving RRF during the first year of dialysis therapy, although there was no significant difference in the 1-year rate of decline of RRF between the two APD modalities. 相似文献997.
Yun Chan Jung Mi Eun Kim Ju Hwa Yoon Pu Reum Park Hwa-Young Youn 《Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology》2014,36(6):426-432
Inflammation is the major symptom of the innate immune response to microbial infection. Macrophages, immune response-related cells, play a role in the inflammatory response. Galangin is a member of the flavonols and is found in Alpinia officinarum, galangal root and propolis. Previous studies have demonstrated that galangin has antioxidant, anticancer, and antineoplastic activities. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of galangin are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of galangin on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Galagin was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells, and nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages was significantly decreased by the addition of 50?μM galangin. Moreover, galangin treatment reduced mRNA levels of cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, and proinflammatory genes, such as iNOS in LPS-activated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Galangin treatment also decreased the protein expression levels of iNOS in activated macrophages. Galangin was found to elicit anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ERK and NF-κB-p65 phosphorylation. In addition, galangin-inhibited IL-1β production in LPS-activated macrophages. These results suggest that galangin elicits anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-activated macrophages via the inhibition of ERK, NF-κB-p65 and proinflammatory gene expression. 相似文献
998.
Christa Smolarchuk Lin Fu Zhu William F. N. Chan Colin C. Anderson 《European journal of immunology》2014,44(8):2263-2273
Cervical thymus mimics the thoracic thymus in supporting T‐cell development and exists in a subset of mice and humans. Importantly, it remains unknown whether the cervical thymus can generate T cells that are self‐tolerant in the complete absence of signals from the thoracic thymus. Using a fetal liver reconstitution model in thoracic thymectomized RAG?/? mice, we found that T cells could be generated without contribution from the thoracic thymus. However, these mice had decreased T cells, increased proportions of effector memory T cells and Treg phenotype cells, increased serum IgG1/2b, and increased frequency of T cells expressing IFN‐γ, IL‐17 or IL‐10. Half of the mice that received a thoracic thymectomy and fetal liver cells, unlike sham surgery controls, developed substantial morbidity with age. Disease was associated with lymphopenia‐driven activation rather than inherent defects in the cervical thymus, as both thoracic and cervical thymocytes could generate disease in lymphopenic recipients. Administration of the homeostatic cytokine IL‐7 caused a rapid, transient increase in T‐cell numbers and reduced the time to disease onset. Together the data suggests that the cervical thymus can function in the complete absence of the thoracic thymus; however, the T cells generated do not establish homeostasis. 相似文献
999.
S. M. Bellemore E. Nikoopour B. C. Y. Au O. Krougly E. Lee‐Chan S. M. Haeryfar B. Singh 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2014,177(3):732-742
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which in turn suppress effector T cell responses. We have previously shown the induction of DCs from human and mouse monocytic cell lines, mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood monocytes by a novel apolipoprotein E (ApoE)‐derived self‐peptide termed Ep1.B. We also showed that this C‐terminal region 239–252 peptide of ApoE has strong anti‐atherogenic activity and reduces neointimal hyperplasia after vascular surgery in rats and wild‐type as well as ApoE‐deficient mice. In this study, we explored the phenotype of DC subset induced by Ep1.B from monocytic cell lines and from the bone marrow‐derived cells. We found Ep1.B treatment induced cells that showed characteristics of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). We explored in‐vitro and in‐vivo effects of Ep1.B‐induced DCs on antigen‐specific T cell responses. Upon in‐vivo injection of these cells with antigen, the subsequent ex‐vivo antigen‐specific proliferation of lymph node cells and splenocytes from recipient mice was greatly reduced. Our results suggest that Ep1.B‐induced pDCs promote the generation of Treg cells, and these cells contribute to the induction of peripheral tolerance in adaptive immunity and potentially contribute its anti‐atherogenic activity. 相似文献
1000.
S. Shaaban F. Duzcan C. Yildirim W.‐M. Chan C. Andrews N.A. Akarsu E.C. Engle 《Clinical genetics》2014,85(6):562-567
Using a combination of homozygosity mapping and whole‐exome sequencing (WES), we identified a novel missense c.1819G>A mutation (G607S) in the endothelin‐converting enzyme‐like 1 (ECEL1) gene in a consanguineous pedigree of Turkish origin presenting with a syndrome of camptodactyly, scoliosis, limited knee flexion, significant refractive errors and ophthalmoplegia. ECEL1 mutations were recently reported to cause recessive forms of distal arthrogryposis. This report expands on the molecular basis and the phenotypic spectrum of ECEL1‐associated congenital contracture syndromes. 相似文献