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61.
Leila Taghiyar Samaneh Hosseini Fatemeh Safari Fatemeh Bagheri Nesa Fani Martin J. Stoddart Mauro Alini Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad 《Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine》2018,12(9):1925-1943
Limb/digit amputation is a common event in humans caused by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. Although the loss of a digit is not lethal, it affects quality of life and imposes high costs on amputees. In recent years, the increasing interest in limb regeneration has led to enhanced scientific knowledge. However, the limited ability to develop functional limb regeneration in the clinical setting suggests that a challenging issue remains in limb regeneration. Recently, the emergence of regenerative engineering is a promising field to address this challenge and close the gap between science and clinical applications. Cell signalling and molecular mechanisms involved in the limb regeneration process have been extensively studied; however, there is still insufficient data on cell therapy and tissue engineering for limb regeneration. In this review, we intend to focus on therapeutic approaches for limb regeneration that are closely related to gene, immune, and stem cell therapies, as well as tissue engineering approaches that take into consideration the peculiar developmental properties of the limbs. In addition, we attempt to identify the challenges of these strategies for limb regeneration studies in terms of clinical settings and as a road map to accomplish the goal of functional human limb regeneration. 相似文献
62.
Maryam Alizadeh Dean X. Parmelee Elizabeth Peyton Neda Mehrdad Leila Janani 《Teaching and learning in medicine》2018,30(1):76-83
Problem: Studies on leadership identity development through reflection with Team-Based Learning (TBL) in medical student education are rare. We assumed that reflection and feedback on the team leadership process would advance the progression through leadership identity development stages in medical students within the context of classes using TBL. Intervention: This study is a quasi-experimental design with pretest–posttest control group. The pretest and posttest were reflection papers of medical students about their experience of leadership during their TBL sessions. In the intervention group, TBL and a team-based, guided reflection and feedback on the team leadership process were performed at the end of all TBL sessions. In the other group, only TBL was used. The Stata 12 software was used. Leadership Identity was treated both as a categorical and quantitative variable to control for differences in baseline and gender variables. Chi-square, t tests, and linear regression analysis were performed. Context: The population was a cohort of 2015–2016 medical students in a TBL setting at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine. Teams of four to seven students were formed by random sorting at the beginning of the academic year (intervention group n = 20 teams, control group n = 19 teams). Outcome: At baseline, most students in both groups were categorized in the Awareness and Exploration stage of leadership identity: 51 (52%) in the intervention group and 59 (55%) in the control group: uncorrected χ2(3) = 15.6, design-based F(2.83, 108) = 4.87, p = .003. In the posttest intervention group, 36 (36%) were in exploration, 33 (33%) were in L-identified, 20 (20%) were in Leadership Differentiated, and 10 (10%) were in the Generativity. None were in the Awareness or Integration stages. In the control group, 3 (20%) were in Awareness, 56 (53%) were in Exploration, 35 (33%) were in Leader Identified, 13 (12%) were in Leadership Differentiated. None were in the Generativity and Integration stages. Our hypothesis was supported by the data: uncorrected χ2(4) = 18.6, design-based F(3.77, 143) = 4.46, p = .002. The mean of the leadership identity in the pretest, intervention group equaled 1.93 (SD = 0.85) and the pretest, control group mean was 2.36 (SD = 0.86), p = .004. The mean of the posttest, intervention group was 3.04 (SD = 0.98) and posttest, control group mean was 2.54 (SD = 0.74), T = ?4.00, design df = 38, p < .001, and adjusted on baseline and gender T = ?8.97, design df = 38, p < .001. Lessons Learned: Reflection and feedback on the team leadership process in TBL advances the progression in stages of leadership identity development in medical students. Although the TBL strategy itself could have an impact on leadership identity development, this study demonstrates that when a reflection and feedback on leadership intervention are added, there is much greater impact. 相似文献
63.
64.
Leila Ghamkhar Amir H. Kahlaee Mohammad R. Nourbakhsh Amena Ahmadi Amir M. Arab 《Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics》2018,41(2):129-136
Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship between flexion endurance capacity and joint position error in participants with or without chronic neck pain (CNP).Methods
Sixty-one CNP and 60 asymptomatic volunteers participated in this cross-sectional, case-control, and correlational analysis study. The measured variables included absolute and constant joint repositioning errors in the sagittal and horizontal directions, clinical flexor endurance test score, pain intensity, and neck disability index.Results
The groups did not statistically differ in flexion endurance (P > .05). The CNP group had a smaller absolute error on the right (P < .01) and left (P = .01) rotation and an overshooting error pattern in the flexion direction (P < .05). But the asymptomatic group did not exhibit any over-/undershooting pattern tendency (P > .05). Although flexion endurance was not correlated with any of the joint repositioning error components in either group, pain and disability scores were significantly correlated with left rotation absolute error (r = –0.34 and ρ = –0.37, respectively).Conclusion
The clinical cervical flexor endurance test, ignoring the relative contribution of the deep and superficial groups of muscles, may not efficiently characterize CNP patients. 相似文献65.
66.
Shamsudeen F. Fagbo Leila Skakni Daniel K.W. Chu Musa A. Garbati Mercy Joseph Malik Peiris Ahmed M. Hakawi 《Emerging infectious diseases》2015,21(11):1981-1988
We investigated an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) at King
Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during March 29–May 21,
2014. This outbreak involved 45 patients: 8 infected outside KFMC, 13 long-term
patients at KFMC, 23 health care workers, and 1 who had an indeterminate source
of infection. Sequences of full-length MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from 10
patients and a partial sequence of MERS-CoV from another patient, when compared
with other MERS-CoV sequences, demonstrated that this outbreak was part of a
larger outbreak that affected multiple health care facilities in Riyadh and
possibly arose from a single zoonotic transmission event that occurred in
December 2013 (95% highest posterior density interval November 8,
2013–February 10, 2014). This finding suggested continued health
care–associated transmission for 5 months. Molecular epidemiology
documented multiple external introductions in a seemingly contiguous outbreak
and helped support or refute transmission pathways suspected through
epidemiologic investigation. 相似文献
67.
68.
Lenny H.E. Winkel Bas Vriens Gerrad D. Jones Leila S. Schneider Elizabeth Pilon-Smits Gary S. Ba?uelos 《Nutrients》2015,7(6):4199-4239
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals, which occurs ubiquitously in the environment. It is present in trace amounts in both organic and inorganic forms in marine and freshwater systems, soils, biomass and in the atmosphere. Low Se levels in certain terrestrial environments have resulted in Se deficiency in humans, while elevated Se levels in waters and soils can be toxic and result in the death of aquatic wildlife and other animals. Human dietary Se intake is largely governed by Se concentrations in plants, which are controlled by root uptake of Se as a function of soil Se concentrations, speciation and bioavailability. In addition, plants and microorganisms can biomethylate Se, which can result in a loss of Se to the atmosphere. The mobilization of Se across soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces is thus of crucial importance for human Se status. This review gives an overview of current knowledge on Se cycling with a specific focus on soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces. Sources, speciation and mobility of Se in soils and plants will be discussed as well as Se hyperaccumulation by plants, biofortification and biomethylation. Future research on Se cycling in the environment is essential to minimize the adverse health effects associated with unsafe environmental Se levels. 相似文献
69.
Guerrero P Fuchs FD Moreira LM Martins VM Bertoluci C Fuchs SC Gus M 《Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)》2008,30(7):553-564
A large proportion of patients with hypertension need a second drug to reach satisfactory control of blood pressure (BP), but there are few well-designed controlled trials comparing the efficacy of drugs added as a second option. In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 82 patients with uncontrolled BP, receiving hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily, were selected to receive amiloride 2.5-5 mg/day (n = 39) or enalapril 10-20 mg/day (n = 43). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was done before and after 12-weeks of treatment. Office BP was measured in the 4(th), 8(th), and 12(th) weeks. The doses of amiloride and enalapril were doubled in the fourth week, and propranolol was added in the 8th week if office BP was above 140/90 mm Hg. There was a greater BP reduction in patients treated with enalapril. The ABPM delta values between the groups were 3.6 +/- 2.2, 3.9 +/- 2.2, and 1.1 +/- 2.7 mmHg for 24-h, daily, and nightly systolic blood pressure, respectively, favoring enalapril. For diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the deltas were 1.7 +/- 2.0, 3.2 +/- 1.5, and 1.2 +/- 1.9 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.039 for daily DBP). Office SBP decreased more and sooner in patients allocated to enalapril (p = 0.003). More patients taking amiloride required propranolol to control BP (p = 0.035). Potassium increased 0.3 mEq/L on the average in both groups. Cough, albeit predominantly mild, was reported more frequently by participants treated with enalapril. We conclude that enalapril is more effective than amiloride to lower BP of patients on hydrochlorothiazide with uncontrolled BP. 相似文献
70.
Teimourian S Rezvani Z Badalzadeh M Kannengiesser C Mansouri D Movahedi M Zomorodian E Parvaneh N Mamishi S Pourpak Z Moin M 《International journal of hematology》2008,87(4):398-404
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of pathogen killing by phagocytic leukocytes caused by mutations
in NADPH oxidase subunits. Patients with CGD have life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. Children’s Medical Center
at Tehran University is the referral center for immunodeficiency in Iran. During 2 years of study, 11 non-consanguineous families
with clinically diagnosed CGD were referred to this center. In functional assays performed on neutrophils from affected children
and their mothers; no activity or strongly decreased oxidase activity was detected in the patients’ cells. In oxidase tests
that scored this activity on a per-cell basis, a mosaic pattern was detected in the neutrophils from all 11 mothers. Western
blot analysis revealed an X91° phenotype in all patients. Mutation screening in the CYBB gene encoding gp91phox by SSCP analysis followed by sequencing showed nine different mutations, including two novel mutations. The present survey
is the first study aimed to analyze the clinical features and the molecular diagnosis of X-CGD in Iranian patients. 相似文献