Association between epstein barr virus and tongue squamous cell carcinoma in iranian patients

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma suggests its involvement in the carcinogenesis of oral cavity. But, there are few studies on the incidence of EBV genome in squamous cell carcinomas at specific locations in the oral cavity like tongue and with different tumor progression. In this study the presence of EBV genome in tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TSCC) in Iranian patients were investigated. Accordingly, a total of 94 cases with TSCC were firstly analyzed for the presence of viral genome through Nested PCR. Patients were divided into different groups based on their gender and the size, nodal involvement, grade and stage of their tumor. Results showed the presence of EBV genome in 72.3% of TSCCs with no significant difference between two genders, although slightly higher in females. Interestingly, PCR products of EBV genome showed a statistically significant higher distribution in TSCCs at IVa stage (p = 0.04), while a considerable low involvement of EBV genome was seen in T1-sized tumors. The result of this study further emphasizes the role of EBV in oral SCCs – mainly at tongue. This is the first investigation to clarify the association between EBV genome and different tumor size and stage in TSCCs; however, more studies in different regions and larger populations should be performed to be able to draw a firmed conclusion.     

Expression of VEGF and Flk-1 and Flt-1 Receptors during Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Impairment Following Phoneutria nigriventer Spider Venom Exposure

Apart from its angiogenic and vascular permeation activity, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been also reported as a potent neuronal protector. Newborn rats with low VEGF levels develop neuron degeneration, while high levels induce protective mechanisms in several neuropathological conditions. Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom (PNV) disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and causes neuroinflammation in central neurons along with excitotoxic signals in rats and humans. All these changes are transient. Herein, we examined the expression of VEGF and its receptors, Flt-1 and Flk-1 in the hippocampal neurons following envenomation by PNV. Adult and neonatal rats were evaluated at time limits of 2, 5 and 24 h. Additionally, BBB integrity was assessed by measuring the expression of occludin, β-catenin and laminin and neuron viability was evaluated by NeuN expression. VEGF, Flt-1 and Flk-1 levels increased in PNV-administered rats, concurrently with respective mRNAs. Flt-1 and Flk-1 immunolabeling was nuclear in neurons of hippocampal regions, instead of the VEGF membrane-bound typical location. These changes occurred simultaneously with the transient decreases in BBB-associated proteins and NeuN positivity. Adult rats showed more prominent expressional increases of the VEGF/Flt-1/Flk-1 system and earlier recovery of BBB-related proteins than neonates. We conclude that the reactive expressional changes seen here suggest that VEGF and receptors could have a role in the excitotoxic mechanism of PNV and that such role would be less efficient in neonate rats.     

Prevalence and correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder after the outbreak of the COVID-19

Journal of NeuroVirology - As the SARS-COV-2 becomes a global pandemic, many researchers have a concern about the long COVID-19 complications. Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis...     

CARMIL2-related immunodeficiency manifesting with photosensitivity

We report a case of a newly recognized primary immunodeficiency due to biallelic mutations in CARMIL2 manifesting as an actinic prurigo-like photodermatitis, allergic diathesis and recurrent infections in a child. We present this case to highlight a rare phenotype seen in this T-cell immunodeficiency and provide an overview of other dermatologic manifestations among published reports of this condition.     

Sliding free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for closure of a massive abdominal wall defect: A case report

Despite considerable advances in reconstructive surgery, massive abdominal wall defects continue to pose a significant surgical challenge. We report the case of a 72‐year‐old morbidly obese female patient with Clostridium septicum‐related gas gangrene of the abdominal wall. After multidisciplinary treatment and multiple extensive debridements, a massive full‐thickness defect (40 cm × 35 cm) of the right abdominal wall was present. The abdominal contents were covered with a resorbable mesh to prevent evisceration. Finally, the composite defect was successfully reconstructed through a contralateral extended free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneus (TRAM) flap (50 cm × 38 cm). An arterio‐venous loop to the superficial femoral vessels using the great saphenous vein was necessary to allow the flap to reach the defect. Postoperatively, a minor wound healing disorder of the flap was successfully treated with split skin grafting. Six month after surgery, the patient presented with a completely healed flap coverage area and a small abdominal hernia without the need of further surgical revision. This case illustrates the use of a sliding free TRAM flap for closure of a massive abdominal wall defect.