高渗盐水和6%HES溶液对犬术后细胞因子的影响

目的 观察高渗盐水(7.5%NaCl溶液)、6%HES溶液(羟乙基淀粉溶液)对腹部手术后犬血清细胞因子分泌的影响.方法 18只麻醉犬全麻下行腹部手术后随机分成3组,输注不同液体并同时予以控制血压至基础值的60%(MAP65mmHg):4ml/kg 7.5%NaCl溶液(HS组);输注15ml/kg 6%HES溶液(HES组);C组(对照组)单纯降压组.在麻醉开始前(B),手术开始2小时(T1),液体输注完2小时(T2),术后第1天(T3),第2天(T4)抽取颈外静脉血3ml,检测血清中IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,TNF-α的浓度.结果 对照组:各前炎因子TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8随时间逐渐上升,至T3达到高峰,T4明显下降,但仍显著高于正常值(P＜0.05).HS组和HES组TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8在T3时均明显低于对照组,T4时由低到高依次为,HS组、HES组、对照组.HS组术后的IL-10水平升高,在T3达到最高值22.5 mmol/L,高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 HS溶液与6%HES溶液均可抑制腹部手术后犬致炎因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的升高.HS溶液还可使抗炎因子IL-10分泌增加,减轻术后的炎症反应.     

微小切口胆囊切除术2260例效果观察

目的 总结微小切口胆囊切除术治疗胆道系统疾病的经验。方法 对2002-2004年连续收治的2260例胆囊、胆道系统疾病实施微小切口手术的临床观察资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组2260例微小切口胆囊切除术的患者无一例因手术原因死亡；术后无残留小胆囊；无胆汁漏及腹腔脓肿，亦无伤口全层裂开及切口疝形成。结论 该术式损伤小、局部显露清楚、不易发生副损伤，可同时行胆总管探查术，特殊情况下可随时改变手术方式。     

应用输尿管镜放置双J管早期治疗输尿管阴道瘘

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of placing double J stent using a ureteroscope in early managing ureterovaginal fistula.Methods Twenty-eight patients cases with ureterovaginal fistula from 2002 to 2008 were treated early with placing double J stent using a ureteroscope and the clinical data were reviewed.Results Twenty-two of 28 cases were treated and double J stent was placed in them by a uretero-scope and 75% (21/28)of cases were cured.Four of 21 cases were treated twice by a ureteroscope and were cured finally.7 cases with failure ureterovaginal treatment underwent ureterocystostomy and were cured.The follow-up from 6 months to 33 months (average 10.1±6.4 months)showed that all of the 28 cases had been cured and had no urinary fistula.Conclusion Placing double J stent using a ureteroscope is the first choice of operative procedure for the early treatment of ureterovaginal fistula.     

5-Br-PADAP催化光度法测定锰的研究

实验中发现Mn（Ⅱ）能够催化5-Br-PADAP与过氧化氢之间的氧化还原反应，并找到了Mn^2＋浓度与催化褪色反应速度间的线性关系，线性浓度范围为0．5-10ng／mL，最小检出浓度为0．2ng／mL。方法灵敏度高，选择性好。     

后外侧融合对胸腰椎爆裂型骨折疗效的影响

目的 观察后外侧融合对预防胸腰椎爆裂型骨折短节段固定失败的作用及意义。方法 本组60例胸腰椎爆裂型骨折患者，A组30例均为我院收治患者，B组30例均为外院手术来我院复查的患者。A组行短节段内固定自体髂骨植骨、后外侧融合术；B组仅行短节段内固定，未植骨融合。平均随访16个月，在X线侧位片上测量Cobb角、伤椎后凸角及矢状面指数（SI），临床疗效评价采用下腰痛评分法（low back outcome score，LBOS）。结果 手术前、后两组间Cobb角、伤椎后凸角、SI比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而末次随访时两组间Cobb角、伤椎后凸角、SI比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。LBOS评分A组的优良率为73％（22／30），B组仅为43％（13／30）。结论 后外侧融合是降低内固定失败、减少纠正丢失等并发症的有效措施，只行内固定而不做植骨融合明显增高了并发症的发生率，是不恰当的手术方式。     

A cyclic peptide–polymer probe for the detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A

A Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) ELISA detection system was developed based upon an 11-mer cyclic peptide, termed C11-019, that was identified through peptide phage display technology. The assay employs a sandwich format using the C11-019 cyclic peptide attached to a PEMA (poly(ethylene maleic anhydride)) matrix as the capture phase and anti-BoNT/A polyclonal antibodies as the detection phase. Results reported demonstrate that the C11-019 peptide–polymer can specifically bind to BoNT/A with no cross-reactivity to other serotypes examined in assay buffers and a variety of body fluids and foodstuffs. When a highly sensitive chemiluminescent substrate was engaged, the detection of 1 pg/mL could be readily achieved within 3 h with a linear range of 0.1–1 ng/mL. These results demonstrate that an inexpensive peptide–polymer-based capture ELISA system can be used for rapid, sensitive and highly specific BoNT detection.     

王焕禄老中医治疗哮喘发作期的用药经验

王焕禄老中医在长期的临床实践中，总结出治疗哮喘病的一些用药体会，兹介绍如下，以飨读者。     

肺炎衣原体抗体效价与多发性硬化的相关性探讨

目的 探讨肺炎衣原体（Chlamydia pneumoniae）感染在多发性硬化（MS）发病和进展中的作用和致病机制。方法 选取急性期MS患者31例，缓解期MS患者28例及其他神经系统疾病患者30例，健康对照者30名，应用酶联免疫吸附试验测定患者和对照者血清及脑脊液中肺炎衣原体IgG和IgM抗体水平。结果 急性期MS组、缓解期MS组、其他神经系统疾病组和健康对照组的肺炎衣原体血清IgG分别为48．4％、35．7％、30．0％、23．3％；4组IgM抗体效价分别为12．9％、14．3％、20．0％、10．0％，总体比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；急性期MS组与其他神经系统疾病组的脑脊液IgG和IgM抗体效价分别为0、6．7％和0、0，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 肺炎衣原体的感染或重复感染与MS发病相关不紧密，可能仅为MS的伴随感染。     

手术结及打结方法的规范与进展

打结是手术的最基本技术之一，主要包括结扎打结（结扎血管、胆管、淋巴管等）、固定打结（固定引流管、引流条等）及缝合打结。手术不论大小都不能不做许多重复的打结动作，学习手术技术正是从学打结、练打结开始的。由于打结的操作太习以为常，许多手术医生对打结不够重视，对各种手术结并没有一个全面的了解和认识，甚至每日都在重复着不规范的打结操作。手术打结操作是否正确、熟练程度如何等不仅体现了手术医生的基本素质，而且直接关系到手术的效果，甚至关系到病人的安危。     

应用输尿管镜放置双J管早期治疗输尿管阴道瘘

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of placing double J stent using a ureteroscope in early managing ureterovaginal fistula.Methods Twenty-eight patients cases with ureterovaginal fistula from 2002 to 2008 were treated early with placing double J stent using a ureteroscope and the clinical data were reviewed.Results Twenty-two of 28 cases were treated and double J stent was placed in them by a uretero-scope and 75% (21/28)of cases were cured.Four of 21 cases were treated twice by a ureteroscope and were cured finally.7 cases with failure ureterovaginal treatment underwent ureterocystostomy and were cured.The follow-up from 6 months to 33 months (average 10.1±6.4 months)showed that all of the 28 cases had been cured and had no urinary fistula.Conclusion Placing double J stent using a ureteroscope is the first choice of operative procedure for the early treatment of ureterovaginal fistula.