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51.
Ohnishi H Saitoh S Ura N Takagi S Obara F Akasaka H Oimatsu H Shimamoto K 《Diabetes, obesity & metabolism》2002,4(6):388-393
We examined correlations between the frequency of insulin resistance and the accumulation of coronary risk factors in residents of rural comities in Japanese, using simple criteria for determination of insulin resistance based on evaluation by the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp (GC) method. The subjects were 376 men and 589 women living in two rural communities in Japan. We measured body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R). Correlations between HOMA-R and those parameters were examined. To assess the existence of insulin resistance in these subjects, we used a practical index based on the GC method. The subjects with value of HOMA-R ≥ 1.73 have insulin resistance. In addition, the HOMA-R was divided into five quantiles based on the frequency distribution (0.60 or below, from 0.61 to 0.82, from 0.83 to 1.18, from 1.19 to 1.69, and 1.70 or higher), to examine the concentration of risk factors in each group. In total, 74 (19.6%) of the men and 119 (20.3%) of the women had insulin resistance (HOMA-R ≥ 1.73). It was found that the higher the HOMA-R, the higher was the number of coronary risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia and hypo HDL cholesterolaemia. The number of coronary risk factors was particular high in subjects with HOMA-R ≥ 1.70. HOMA-R in the case of no glucose loading is a useful and practical index for evaluation of insulin resistance and coronary risk factors in the epidemiological study. 相似文献
52.
Reperfusion arrhythmias in the murine heart: their characteristics and alteration after ischemic preconditioning 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sakamoto J Miura T Tsuchida A Fukuma T Hasegawa T Shimamoto K 《Basic research in cardiology》1999,94(6):489-495
In this study, we examined the features of reperfusion arrhythmias and the effect of preconditioning (PC) in the mouse for
future application of genetically engineered mice to study mechanisms of this type of arrhythmia. Under pentobarbital anesthesia,
reperfusion arrhythmias were induced by temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for
periods ranging from 2 to 15 min and then reperfused. In the second protocol, hearts were preconditioned with 2- or 3-min
ischemia and 5-min reperfusion prior to the 5 min of coronary occlusion. An electrocardiogram was recorded throughout the
experiment, and arrhythmias were diagnosed according to the Lambeth Convention criteria. The incidences of reperfusion-induced
ventricular tachycardia (VT) in hearts that received 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15-min ischemia (n = 10∼14) were 0, 9, 73, 55 and 30%,
respectively. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was not observed upon reperfusion regardless of the ischemia duration. PC with
2-min ischemia and with 3-min ischemia (n = 10 for each PC) reduced the incidences of reperfusion VT after 5-min ischemia
to 40% and 10%, respectively. However, in mice that developed reperfusion VT, the VT duration was similar to that in non-preconditioned
controls, ranging from 1 to 16 s. These results suggest that the relationship between ischemia duration and incidence of VT
upon subsequent reperfusion is “bell shaped ” and that PC has anti-arrhythmic effects in the mouse, as it does in anesthetized
rat hearts. However, there appear to be differences in the incidence of reperfusion-induced VF and the duration of reperfusion
VT between these species. Thus, the present murine preparation, appears to be a useful model for studying the mechanism of
reperfusion VT and PC, though it does not share all of the features of reperfusion arrhythmias with the anesthetized rat preparation.
Received: 11 February 1999, Returned for revision: 9 March 1999, Revision received: 17 May 1999, Accepted: 8 June 1999 相似文献
53.
Mari Terada Satoshi Kutsuna Tomiteru Togano Sho Saito Noriko Kinoshita Yumiko Shimanishi Tetsuya Suzuki Yusuke Miyazato Makoto Inada Takahito Nakamoto Hidetoshi Nomoto Satoshi Ide Mitsuhiro Sato Kenji Maeda Akihiro Matsunaga Masahiro Satake Keiji Matsubayashi Hirokazu Tsuno Makiko Kojima Madoka Kuramistu Kenta Tezuka Emi Ikebe Kazu Okuma Isao Hamaguchi Katsuyuki Shiratori Motohiko Sato Yuiko Kawakami Kumi Inaba Saori Igarashi Reina Yamauchi Mina Matsumura Keiko Ishimaru Bijuan Zhang Chika Kuge Maiko Ishihara Miho Gouda Keiko Tanaka Yukihito Ishizaka Norio Ohmagari 《Transfusion》2021,61(7):1998-2007
54.
Akihito Tsuchida Tetsuji Miura Masaya Tanno Yukinaga Nozawa Hiroyuki Kita Kazuaki Shimamoto 《Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy》1998,12(4):365-373
The present study aimed to examine (1) whether the role of the opioid receptor in ischemic preconditioning (PC) is consistent regardless of the duration of ischemic insult and (2) which opioid receptor subtype contributes to PC. In the first series of experiments, the effects of PC, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone), and their combination on the infarct size after various durations of ischemia were assessed. In anesthetized, open-chest rats, the coronary artery was occluded for 20, 30, or 40 minutes to induce infarction and was reperfused for 3 hours, PC was performed with two cycles of 5-minute ischemia followed by 5-minute reperfusion before the sustained ischemia. At 25 minutes before the ischemia, naloxone was injected alone or in combination with subsequent PC. Infarct size was determined by tetrazolium staining and was expressed as a percentage of the risk area size (%IS/RA). In the second series of experiments, the effects of a -receptor selective antagonist, naltrindole (NTI), and a -receptor selective antagonist, nor-binaltrophimine (nor-BNI), on PC before 30-minute coronary occlusion were assessed. In untreated controls, %IS/RA was 53.1 ± 3.2 after 20 minutes, 67.9 ± 3.9 after 30 minutes, and 87.8 ± 2.0 after 40 minutes of ischemia, respectively. PC significantly reduced %IS/RA after 20, 30, and 40 minutes of ischemia to 3.1 ± 0.8, 12.8 ± 1.1, and 42.1 ± 4.3, respectively (P < 0.05 vs. each control). Naloxone (6 mg/kg) partially attenuated the protection afforded by PC when the sustained ischemia was 30 minutes (%IS/RA = 27.4 ± 4.5; P < 0.05 vs. PC), but this inhibitory effect of naloxone was not detected when the duration of the ischemia was 20 or 40 minutes. NTI (10 mg/kg) also attenuated infarct size limitation by PC after 30 minutes of ischemia (%IS/RA = 25.6 ± 3.7), but nor-BNI (10 mg/kg) failed to modify infarct size limitation by PC (%IS/RA = 13.3 ± 3.2). The present results suggest that activation of the opioid -receptor partly contributes to preconditioning against infarction in the rat and that there may be a time window (at around 30 minutes after the onset of ischemia) for this opioid receptor–mediated protective mechanism. 相似文献
55.
Genetically engineered rice resistant to rice stripe virus, an insect-transmitted virus. 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11 下载免费PDF全文
T Hayakawa Y Zhu K Itoh Y Kimura T Izawa K Shimamoto S Toriyama 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1992,89(20):9865-9869
The coat protein (CP) gene of rice stripe virus was introduced into two japonica varieties of rice by electroporation of protoplasts. The resultant transgenic plants expressed the CP at high levels (up to 0.5% of total soluble protein) and exhibited a significant level of resistance to virus infection. Plants derived from selfed progeny of the primary transformants also expressed the CP and showed viral resistance, indicating stable transmission of the CP gene and the trait of resistance to the next generation. Moreover, the virally encoded strip disease-specific protein was not detected in transgenic plants expressing CP 8 weeks after inoculation, indicating protection before viral multiplication. These studies demonstrated that CP-mediated resistance to virus infection can be extended to cereals and to the viruses transmitted by an insect vector (planthopper). 相似文献
56.
Michio Sata Hitoshi Nakano Hiroshi Suzuki Seiji Noguchi Yohsuke Yamakawa Eisuke Tanaka Kunitaka Fukuizumi Kumi Tanaka Hiroshi Yoshida Kyuichi Tanikawa 《Journal of gastroenterology》1998,33(2):218-222
We conducted an epidemiological study of 509 residents of H town, Fukuoka, Japan, to investigate the high mortality rate
from liver disease. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) (anti-HCV) were detected in 120 residents (23.6%); HCV RNA in 91
(17.9%), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 13 (2.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that presence
of anti-HCV, male gender, and history of liver disease were associated with the presence of liver dysfunction, and that age
of more than 40 years and a particular district were associated with the presence of anti-HCV. HCV RNA was more frequently
detected in anti-HCV-positive men than women (41, or 85.4% versus 50, or 69.4%) (P < 0.05). The incidence of liver dysfunction was significantly higher in HCV RNA-positive men than women (32, or 66.7% versus
22, or 30.6%) (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that: (1) HCV was correlated with the high mortality rate from liver diseases, (2) there
were district-related differences in the incidence of HCV, and (3) the lower frequency of elimination of HCV from men may
explain why they showed a high mortality from liver disease.
(Received Mar. 4, 1997; accepted Aug. 22, 1997) 相似文献
57.
Angiotensin II receptor blocker prevents increased arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jun Agata Daigo Nagahara Shuichi Kinoshita Yoshitoki Takagawa Norihito Moniwa Daisuke Yoshida Nobuyuki Ura Kazuaki Shimamoto 《Circulation journal》2004,68(12):1194-1198
BACKGROUND: High pulse wave velocity (PWV) is related to cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension (EHT). It is reported that short-term treatment with an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) decreases PWV, as well as blood pressure (BP), and increases the serum adiponectin, known as an adipocytokine, which has an anti-atherosclerotic effect. However, it is not known whether long-term treatment with ARB prevents the increase in PWV independently of the reduction of BP, and whether adiponectin is related to the chronic effect of ARB on PWV. METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to examine the short-term effect of ARB on PWV, 9 subjects with EHT had PWV measured before and after treatment with an ARB for 1 month. The treatment significantly reduced PWV and BP. For evaluation of the long-term effect of ARB therapy, 56 consecutive subjects with EHT who were already taking anti-hypertensive drugs other than an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor had their PWV measured. We divided the EHT subjects into 2 groups: (1) the ARB group (EHT treated with an ARB for at least 6 months) and (2) the control group (EHT treated with anti-hypertensive drugs other than an ARB). Although there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in BP, age or body mass index, the PWV value in the ARB group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Moreover, the serum adiponectin concentration in the ARB group was significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment with ARB inhibits the progression of arterial stiffness independent of BP reduction. One of the mechanisms may be related to the increased serum adiponectin concentration after treatment with an ARB. 相似文献
58.
Olmesartan ameliorates insulin sensitivity by modulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclic AMP in skeletal muscle. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Koichi Yamaguchi Nobuyuki Ura Hideyuki Murakami Nobuhiko Togashi Masaya Hyakukoku Katsuhiro Higashiura Kazuaki Shimamoto 《Hypertension research》2005,28(9):773-778
We have reported that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in skeletal muscle is one of the determinants of insulin resistance and that the renin-angiotensin system may be related to the regulation of TNF-a in skeletal muscle. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the regulation of TNF-a in vascular smooth muscle cells or monocytes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cAMP and TNF-a in skeletal muscle in connection with the renin-angiotensin system. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either normal rat chow or fructose-rich chow for 6 weeks. For the last 2 weeks of a 6-week period, the rats were treated with a vehicle or with an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (olmesartan medoxomil, 0.1 mg/kg/day). TNF-alpha levels in the soleus muscle were significantly higher and cAMP levels in the soleus muscle were significantly lower in fructose-fed rats than in control rats. Olmesartan increased cAMP and reduced TNF-a simultaneously in fructose-fed rats. There was a significant negative correlation between levels of cAMP and TNF-alpha. Moreover, a cAMP analogue reduced TNF-a levels in the soleus muscle. These results indicate that the increase in TNF-alpha via suppression of cAMP may affect the induction of insulin resistance. In addition, the facts that olmesartan increased cAMP and decreased TNF-alpha suggest that a part of the TNF-alpha regulation by angiotensin II might consist of modulation of cAMP through Gi protein activation in skeletal muscle. 相似文献
59.
Yuji Matsuzawa Toru Kita Hiroshi Mabuchi Masunori Matsuzaki Noriaki Nakaya Shinichi Oikawa Yasushi Saito Jun Sasaki Kazuaki Shimamoto Hiroshige Itakura 《Circulation journal》2003,67(4):287-294
The Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT) study, a nationwide cohort study utilizing the clinical practice of general physicians, was designed to clarify the relationship between the incidence of coronary heart disease and serum lipid concentrations during simvastatin therapy, as well as the safety of the therapy, in a large number of Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients. All the enrolled patients were treated with simvastatin. The current study analyzed the lipid lowering effect and safety of the low-dose simvastatin therapy used in the J-LIT study. Open-labeled simvastatin was given to 51,321 patients at an initial dose of mostly 5 mg/day. After 6 months of the treatment, the average serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in all the patients followed up were reduced by 18.3% and 26.0%, respectively, and that of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased 2.3% on average. These concentrations were well maintained throughout the 6-year treatment period. A minority of patients (1.4%) unexpectedly had a remarkable reduction in TC concentration by more than 40%. Hyper-responders, even to low-dose statin, were found for the first time in this large-scale and long-term investigation. Overall adverse drug reactions occurred in 3.3% of subjects during the 6-year treatment, the major events being hepatic and musculoskeletal disorders, of which the incidence was less than 1%. Low-dose simvastatin therapy of 5 mg/day effectively controlled the serum TC concentration by reducing it by approximately 20% on average in hypercholesterolemic Japanese patients, a reduction that corresponds to the effect of simvastatin 20 mg/day in Western studies. In addition, the low incidence of drug-related adverse events in this study may be also related to the low dosage of simvastatin. 相似文献
60.
Washio M Saitoh S Arai Y Takagi S Oonishi H Isobe T Takeuchi H Oohata J Mori M Shimamoto K 《Nihon Ronen Igakkai zasshi. Japanese journal of geriatrics》2005,42(2):221-228
OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted in order to investigate risk factors for heavy burden of family caregivers. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: 51 pairs of the frail elderly and their family caregivers in one town in Hokkaido. RESULTS: Compared to those with a lighter burden, family caregivers with heavier burden looked after the frail elderly with more behavior disturbances due to dementia. They cared for the elderly longer and had less time to go out without accompanying their charges than less burdened caregivers. On the other hand, the elderly had similar activities of daily living and degree of need of care between the two groups. In addition, physical caring time did not differ between the two groups. These findings suggest that the psychological burden may be more important than the physical burden. In addition, caregivers used only 30-40% of services they had the right to use with long-term care insurance. These findings suggest that more convenient services for users should be provided. 相似文献