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91.
Stine Elleberg Petersen Lise Bentzen Katrine J. Emmertsen Søren Laurberg Lilli Lundby Morten Høyer 《Radiotherapy and oncology》2014
Purpose
To develop and validate a scoring system for evaluation of long term anorectal dysfunction following radiotherapy for prostate cancer.Materials and methods
Patients treated for prostate cancer with radiotherapy filled in questionnaires on anorectal function and quality of life. Items for the condensed anorectal dysfunction score (RT-ARD) were identified and weighted by binomial regression analysis. The score was tested in a separate patient material by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and correlations to quality of life domains.Results
A total of 309 patients participated in the study. The items selected were “incontinence for solid stool”, “ability to defer defecation”, “unproductive call to stool”, “clustering of stool”, and “mucus in stool.” Patients were grouped into three categories according to the RT-ARD score; 0–8 (no RT-ARD), 9–23 (minor RT-ARD), 24–45 (major RT-ARD). ROC analyses revealed high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (85%) for major RT-ARD. The prediction model demonstrated a perfect fit in 60%, moderate fit in 36% and no fit in 4%. There was good correlation between the RT-ARD score and quality of life.Conclusions
The RT-ARD score is a validated and simple instrument for evaluation of anorectal dysfunction following radiotherapy for prostate cancer, and the RT-ARD score correlates to the patient’s quality of life. 相似文献92.
Togsverd-Bo K Lerche CM Philipsen PA Poulsen T Wulf HC Haedersdal M 《Experimental dermatology》2012,21(4):260-264
Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) is a well-established treatment for precancerous skin lesions and non-melanoma skin cancer. Treatment outcomes are less effective for thick than for superficial lesions, which are presumed to be due to insufficient PpIX biodistribution in tumour tissue. Hexyl-aminolevulinate (HAL) is a more lipophilic photosensitizer precursor than MAL and may penetrate the skin to a greater depth and more homogeneously. We compared HAL- and MAL-induced PpIX accumulation in specific skin compartments using concentrations of 2%, 6% and 20% HAL and MAL on long-term UV-irradiated mouse skin. Furthermore, 20% HAL and 20% MAL were applied to non-irradiated skin. Porphyrin fluorescence was measured by fluorescence microscopy in selected skin regions: the epidermis, superficial dermis, deep dermis and sebaceous gland epithelium down to a depth of 1 mm. We found higher PpIX fluorescence intensities in epidermis and sebaceous gland epithelium from 2%, 6% and 20% HAL (median 72-104 au) than in corresponding concentrations of MAL (median 35-69 au) (P < 0.01). Fluorescence intensities in the superficial (35 au) and deep dermis (32 au) were similar for HAL and MAL (P = 0.51) and lower than epidermal fluorescence intensities (P < 0.001). Significantly, higher median PpIX fluorescence intensities (64 au) were found in 20% MAL-incubated skin irradiated with UV than in non-irradiated skin (48 au) (P < 0.001). HAL-induced fluorescence intensities did not depend on UV exposure (HAL 20%, UV: 72 au, non-UV: 70 au) (P = 0.87). In conclusion, HAL express high affinity for epidermis and sebaceous gland epithelium, and MAL for actinically damaged skin, which raises future perspectives for improved selectivity in PDT. 相似文献
93.
94.
Enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity and diminished immediate-type hypersensitivity in mice lacking the inducible VPAC2 receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide
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Edward J. Goetzl Julia K. Voice Sanbing Shen Glenn Dorsam Yvonne Kong Katrine M. West Christine F. Morrison Anthony J. Harmar 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2001,98(24):13854-13859
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its G protein-coupled receptors, VPAC(1)R and VPAC(2)R, are prominent in the immune system and regulate many aspects of T cell-dependent immunity. In mouse T cells, VPAC(1)R is expressed constitutively, whereas VPAC(2)R is induced by immune stimuli. VPAC(2)R-null (VPAC(2)R(-/-)) mice on a C57BL/6 background are shown here to have normal basic immune characteristics, including serum Ig concentrations, blood levels of all leukocytes, and spleen number of total T cells (CD3(+)) and T cells bearing CD4, CD8, and CD28. Hapten-evoked cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was significantly enhanced in VPAC(2)R-null mice compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type mice. In contrast, generation of IgE anti-hapten antibodies and active cutaneous anaphylaxis were > or =70% lower in VPAC(2)R-null mice than in wild-type controls. Cytokine production by splenic CD4(+) T cells, stimulated with adherent anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies, revealed higher levels of IL-2 (mean = 3-fold) and IFN-gamma (mean = 3-fold), and lower levels of IL-4 (mean = one-fifth) in VPAC(2)R-null mice than wild-type controls. Loss of VIP-VPAC(2)R maintenance of the normal ratio of Th2/Th1 cytokines thus leads to a state of enhanced DTH and depressed immediate-type hypersensitivity, which may alter both host defense and susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. 相似文献
95.
Activation of ErbB3, EGFR and Erk is essential for growth of human breast cancer cell lines with acquired resistance to fulvestrant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Frogne T Benjaminsen RV Sonne-Hansen K Sorensen BS Nexo E Laenkholm AV Rasmussen LM Riese DJ de Cremoux P Stenvang J Lykkesfeldt AE 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2009,114(2):263-275
Seven fulvestrant resistant cell lines derived from the estrogen receptor α positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line were
used to investigate the importance of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB1-4) signaling. We found an increase in mRNA expression
of EGFR and the ErbB3/ErbB4 ligand heregulin2 (hrg2) and a decrease of ErbB4 in all resistant cell lines. Western analyses
confirmed the upregulation of EGFR and hrg2 and the downregulation of ErbB4. Elevated activation of EGFR and ErbB3 was seen
in all resistant cell lines and the ErbB3 activation occurred by an autocrine mechanism. ErbB4 activation was observed only
in the parental MCF-7 cells. The downstream kinases pAkt and pErk were increased in five of seven and in all seven resistant
cell lines, respectively. Treatment with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib preferentially inhibited growth and reduced the S phase
fraction in the resistant cell lines concomitant with inhibition of Erk and unaltered Akt activation. In concert, inhibition
of Erk with U0126 preferentially reduced growth of resistant cell lines. Treatment with ErbB3 neutralizing antibodies inhibited
ErbB3 activation and resulted in a modest but statistically significant growth inhibition of two resistant cell lines. These
data indicate that ligand activated ErbB3 and EGFR, and Erk signaling play important roles in fulvestrant resistant cell growth.
Furthermore, the decreased level of ErbB4 in resistant cells may facilitate heterodimerization of ErbB3 with EGFR and ErbB2.
Our data support that a concerted action against EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3 may be required to obtain complete growth suppression
of fulvestrant resistant cells. 相似文献
96.
Nielsen NR Stahlberg C Strandberg-Larsen K Kristensen TS Zhang ZF Hundrup YA Grønbaek M 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2008,19(3):297-303
Objective To assess the relation between work-related stressors and breast cancer incidence and prognostic characteristics (estrogen
receptor status, grade, lymph node status, size, stage) at the time of diagnosis.
Methods The 18,932 women included in the Danish Nurse Cohort reported work-related stressors in 1993 and again in 1999 and were followed
until the end of 2003 in national registries. Prognostic characteristics were obtained from a clinical database and fewer
than 0.1% were lost to follow up.
Results During follow-up, 455 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Neither women with high work pressure (HR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.79,
1.73) nor women with self-reported low influence on work organization (0.98; 0.69, 1.39) or long working hours (0.93; 0.54,
1.58) were at higher risk of breast cancer than women with no such stressors. Women with high work tempo had a slightly higher
risk of breast cancer (1.25; 1.02, 1.54) than women with a suitable work tempo, but there was no dose-response effect. There
were no clear differences in the prognostic characteristics of breast tumors diagnosed in women with and without work-related
stressors.
Conclusions Work-related stressors do not affect breast cancer risk or the prognostic characteristics of incident breast cancers at the
time of diagnosis. These results may be a comfort to working women and can hopefully prevent self-blaming among women who
develop breast cancer. 相似文献
97.
98.
Exploring Educational Disparities in Risk of Preterm Delivery: A Comparative Study of 12 European Birth Cohorts
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Gry Poulsen Katrine Strandberg‐Larsen Laust Mortensen Henrique Barros Sylvaine Cordier Sofia Correia Asta Danileviciute Manon van Eijsden Ana Fernández‐Somoano Ulrike Gehring Regina Grazuleviciene Esther Hafkamp‐de Groen Tine Brink Henriksen Morten Søndergaard Jensen Isabel Larrañaga Per Magnus Kate Pickett Hein Raat Lorenzo Richiardi Florence Rouget Franca Rusconi Camilla Stoltenberg Eleonora P. Uphoff Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte Alet H. Wijga Martine Vrijheid Merete Osler Anne‐Marie Nybo Andersen 《Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology》2015,29(3):172-183
99.
100.
Katrine Brandt Mortensen Thomas Alexander Gerds Ole Weis Bjerrum Anders Lindmark Henrik Sengeløv Christen Lykkegaard Andersen 《Leukemia research》2014
The prognostic significance of eosinophilia after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains to be established. Patients, whom developed chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after ASCT, were included (n = 142). Eosinophil count was analyzed at cGVHD onset. We observed no significant association between EO and the grade of cGVHD, thrombocytopenia, nor extensive skin involvement. Importantly, we observed no significant association between cGVHD with concomitant eosinophilia and long-term clinical outcomes, and subgroup analyses revealed a considerable confounding effect of ongoing steroid treatment. In conclusion, we advocate that prognostic conclusions regarding cGVHD with concomitant eosinophilia after ASCT should be interpreted with caution. 相似文献