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101.
LaVoie Edmond J.; Cai Zhen-Wei; Meschter Carol L.; Weyand Eric H. 《Carcinogenesis》1994,15(10):2131-2135
Fluoranthene (FA) is frequently among the more abundant componentsdetected in environmental mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Several methylated fluoranthenes, although less prevalent thanFA, have also been detected as environmental pollutants. WhileFA is inactive as a tumorigenic agent on mouse skin, it doesinduce lung and liver tumors in newborn mice. Among the fiveisomers of methylfluoranthene, only 2-methylfluoranthene (2-MeFA)and 3-methylfluoranthene (3-MeFA) are active as tumor initiatorson mouse skin. A comparative bioassay was performed to determinethe relative tumorigenic activity of FA, 2-MeFA and 3-MeFA innewborn CD-1 mice. All three compounds were assayed at dosesof 3.46 and 17.3 µmol. The bioassay was terminated whenmice were 1 year old. At a dose of 17.3 µmol, FA and 2-MeFAinduced a similar incidence of lung tumors (6596%) inboth male and female mice. However, tumor multiplicity in thelung was different between FA and 2-MeFA. At a dose of 17.3µmol, the multiplicity of lung tumors observed for miceadministered 2-MeFA ranged from 3.04 to 3.94 tumors per mouse.In contrast, animals treated with FA developed only an averageof 1.122.45 tumors per mouse. 3-MeFA did not induce astatistically significant incidence of lung tumors in eithermale or female mice. All three compounds when administered tonewborn mice did induce a significant incidence of liver tumorsamong male mice. The relative tumorigenic potency observed wasFA 5 相似文献
102.
Margaret J. Harrison Kaysi Eastlick Kushner Karen Benzies Gwen Rempel Cathy Kimak 《分娩》2003,30(2):109-115
ABSTRACT: Background: Increasingly, women seek involvement in decisions about their health care. The purpose of this study was to examine women's experience of, and satisfaction with, their involvement in health care decisions during a high‐risk pregnancy. Methods: Forty‐seven women with hypertension or threatened preterm delivery (including multiple births) were interviewed after the birth of their child. They received prenatal care at home from nurses in a community program or were hospitalized. The in‐depth interviews were audiotaped and transcribed; data were analyzed using constant comparative methods. Results: Women identified an increased feeling of responsibility for the health of their baby and themselves, but differed in choosing active or passive involvement in health care decisions. Women who wanted active involvement achieved it through one of three processes: struggling for, negotiating, or being encouraged. Women who wanted passive involvement and women facing health crises used the process of trusting in the expertise of nurses and physicians. Women were satisfied if the care from health care professionals was congruent with how they wanted to be involved in decision‐making. Conclusions: Although most women want to be actively involved in health decision‐making during a high‐risk pregnancy, some prefer a passive role. The setting of prenatal care, community‐based or in‐hospital, was less important than the ability of nurses and physicians to support the woman in her preferred role in decision‐making. (BIRTH 30:2 June 2003) 相似文献
103.
104.
John P. Holden John A. Orsini Karen Lohmann Siegel Thomas M. Kepple Lynn H. Gerber Steven J. Stanhope 《Gait & posture》1997,5(3):217-227
The movement of surface mounted targets (SMT) on a shell at the mid-shank and of bone mounted targets attached to the distal shank using a Percutaneous Skeletal Tracker (PST) were simultaneously measured during free-speed walking of three adult subjects having different body types. Surface movement errors in shank kinematic estimates were determined by expressing the segmental motion derived from the SMT relative to the PST-based segment coordinate system (SCS) located at the segment center of gravity. The greatest errors were along and around the shank longitudinal axis, with peak magnitudes of 10 mm of translation and 8° of rotation in one subject. Estimates of knee joint center locations differed by less than 11 mm in each SCS direction. Differences in estimates of net knee joint forces and moments were most prominent during stance phase, with magnitudes up to 39 N in the shank mediolateral direction and 9 N.m about the mediolateral axis. The differences in kinetics were primarily related to the effect of segment position and orientation on the expression of joint forces and on the magnitude and expression of joint moments. 相似文献
105.
James F. Meschia Edward Junkins Karen J. Hofman 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》1992,44(5):664-667
Epidermal nevi are typically congenital but rarely familial. We report on a family in which 3 relatives have systematized epidermal nevi. The propositus also has evidence of a hemangioma and a hemangioendothelioma. Peripheral blood and skin fibroblast karyotypes of the propositus did not show evidence of mosaicism. Epidermal nevi have been associated with nondermatologic pathology, involving the nervous, vascular, and skeletal systems in sporadic cases. This report demonstrates that nondermatologic pathology can be also be associated with systematized epidermal nevi in a familial setting. The apparent skipping of generations may be explained by autosomal dominant inheritance with decreased penetrance. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
106.
Francisco M. Averhoff Edward Brink Bette Pollard Karen Resha Gloria Bryan Margaret V. Vaillancourt 《The Journal of school health》1997,67(7):304-308
ABSTRACT: On March 11–12, 1996, a workshop on how to implement new adolescent immunization (AI) recommendations was held in Atlanta, Ga. Sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it was a collaborative effort of the National Immunization Program, the Division of Adolescent and School Health/National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, and the Hepatitis Branch/National Center for Infectious Diseases. The workshop brought together organizations and individuals interested in adolescent health and immunizations so they could address how new Al recommendations can be implemented most effectively. This article offers an overview of their discussions and suggestions, including issues of cooperation, education, legislation, and Al program development among health provider organizations, health departments, schools, community groups and various other agencies relating to adolescent health services. 相似文献
107.
Dr. Harvey I. Pass MD Karen Kranda RN Barbara K. Temeck MD Irwin Feuerstein MD Seth M. Steinberg PhD 《Annals of surgical oncology》1997,4(3):215-222
Background: We analyzed morbidity and mortality, sites of recurrence, and possible prognostic factors in 95 (78 male, 17 female) patients
with MPM on phase I–III trials since 1990. A debulking resection to a requisite, residual tumor thickness of ≤ 5 mm was required
for inclusion.
Methods: Preoperative tumor volumes were determined by three-dimensional reconstruction of chest computerized tomograms. Pleurectomy
(n=39) or extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP; n=39) was performed. Seventeen patients could not be debulked. Preoperative EPP
platelet counts (404,000) and mean tumor volume (491 cm3) were greater than that seen for pleurectomy (344,000, 114 cm3).
Results: Median survival for all patients was 11.2 months, with that for pleurectomy 14.5 months, that for EPP 9.4 months, and that
for unresectable patients 5.0 months. Arrhythmia (n=14; 15%) was the most common complication, and there were two deaths related
to surgery (2.0%). Tumor volume of >100 ml, biphasic histology, male sex, and elevated platelet count were associated with
decreased survival (p<0.05). Both EPP and pleurectomy had equivalent recurrence rates (27 of 39 [69%] and 31 of 39 [79%],
respectively); however, 17 of 27 EPP recurrences as opposed to 28 of 31 pleurectomy recurrences were locoregional (p2=0.013).
Conclusions: Debulking resections for MPM can be performed with low operative mortality. Size and platelet count are important preoperative
prognostic parameters for MPM. Patients with poor prognostic indicators should probably enter nonsurgical, innovative trials
where toxicity or response to therapy can be evaluated.
Presented at the 49th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, March 21–24, 1996. 相似文献
108.
Jill Macleod Clark PhD BSc RGN Jill Maben MSc BA RGN Karen Jones BA RHV RGN 《Journal of advanced nursing》1997,26(1):161-168
This is the first of two papers which address aspects of the findings of a large scale study commissioned by the English National Board which set out to examine the impact of Project 2000 on perceptions of the philosophy and practice of nursing. The findings presented here suggest that there have been fundamental shifts in perceptions of the nature and discipline of nursing. Students and diplomates of the course perceive themselves as knowledgeable doers, with their practice well grounded in theory and research. They value the interpersonal skills teaching and place the patient firmly at the centre of care delivery, viewing the patient holistically and being prepared to be fierce patient advocates where necessary. It is difficult to determine the extent to which these shifts can be attributed to the Project 2000 course, although the Project 2000 approach to education appears to be an important factor. 相似文献
109.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: Prospective Trial 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
Samuel Eldar Edmond Sabo Ernest Nash Jack Abrahamson Ibrahim Matter 《World journal of surgery》1997,21(5):540-545
p
< 0.00001) and for hydrops (28.5%) and empyema of the gallbladder
(28.5%) (
p
= 0.004). The difference in conversion
between the group with acute necrotizing (gangrenous) cholecystitis and
the two groups with hydrops and empyema of the gallbladder was not
statistically significant (
p
= 0.07). The complication
rates of acute cholecystitis, hydrops, empyema of the gallbladder, and
gangrenous cholecystitis were 9.0%, 9.5%, 14.0%, and 20.0%,
respectively (
p
= NS). Patients with an operative
delay of 96 hours or less from the onset of acute cholecystitis had a
conversion rate of 23%, whereas a delay of more than 96 hours was
associated with a conversion rate of 47% (
p
= 0.022).
The complication rate was 8.5% in the laparoscopic group and 27% in
the converted group (
p
= 0.013). Patients over 65
years of age, with a history of biliary disease, a nonpalpable
gallbladder, WBC count over 13,000/cc, and acute gangrenous
cholecystitis were independently associated with a high LC conversion
rate; male patients, finding large bile stones, serum bilirubin over
0.8 mg/dl, and WBC count over 13,000/cc were independently associated
with a high complication rate following laparoscopic surgery with or
without conversion. Generally, LC can be performed safely for acute
cholecystitis, with acceptably low conversion and complication rates.
Different forms of cholecystitis carry various conversion and
complication rates in selected cases. LC for acute cholecystitis should
be performed within 96 hours of the onset of disease. Predictors of
conversion and complications may be helpful when planning the
laparoscopic approach to acute cholecystitis. 相似文献
110.