Significance of High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Prevention

In the approach to lipid-related risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels bear a particular significance as this lipoprotein is considered to be an antiatherogenic factor mainly, but not only, because of its influence and impact on reverse cholesterol transport. Hence the need and requirement to consider serum HDL-C levels for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A particularly important aspect is the association of the 'low HDL syndrome' with the metabolic syndrome. These factors force us to consider serum HDL-C level as a therapeutic target by itself, or even in association with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels when the latter are increased. This review stresses the aspects connecting serum HDL-C levels and cardiovascular risk, and looks at the populations that should be considered amenable to therapeutic management because of low serum HDL-C levels. We review therapeutic strategies, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological. The aim of this review is to present therapeutic management recommendations for correcting the proportion of cardiovascular risk that is attributable to changes in HDL-C. Serum HDL-C levels of >40 mg/dL must be a therapeutic target in primary and secondary prevention. This goal is particularly important in patients with low serum HDL-C levels and ischemic heart disease (IHD) or its equivalents, even if the therapeutic target for serum LDL-C levels (<100 mg/dL) has been achieved. The first choice for this clinical condition is fibric acid derivates. The same therapeutic option should be considered in patients without IHD with low serum HDL-C levels and high cardiovascular risk (>20%), hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or metabolic syndrome.     

全自动血培养仪分离菌株的特征

目的调查全自动血培养仪分离菌株的特征. 方法从1999～2002年2月我院全自动血培养仪培养的16 322瓶临床血液和无菌体液标本中1 788瓶生长菌,药敏试验按NCCLS纸片扩散法进行,数据分析用BacT/Alert仪中的分析软件及WHONET-5软件. 结果血培养阳性率10.2%,无菌体液培养阳性率30.2%;共检出34个属、87个种,需氧菌 620株(83.8%),厌氧菌30株(4.0%),真菌90株(12.2%);需氧菌中最常见的细菌是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;厌氧菌最常见的细菌是脆弱拟杆菌、消化链球菌;真菌最常见的是白色念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌;血标本中大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)产生率高于非血标本,且ESBLs阳性的菌株对抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于ESBLs阴性菌株;血标本中肠球菌属对抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于非血标本;血培养金黄色葡萄球菌中对苯唑西林耐药(MRSA)率62.5%,对苯唑西林耐药的CNS产生率为82.7%. 结论血及无菌体液中可分离培养出多种细菌和真菌,包括一些不常见细菌和真菌,注意监测血标本中菌株的耐药性,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物.     

β—内酰胺丝氨酸样蛋白在高脂诱导的心肌细胞损伤中的作用及机制

目的 探讨高脂对心肌细胞的影响及β-内酰胺丝氨酸样蛋白（LACTB）在其中的作用与机制。方法 将小鼠心肌细胞分为正常组（脂肪酸浓度为0μmol/L）和高脂组（HF组,脂肪酸浓度为400μmol/L）,干预18h。采用siRNA敲低心肌细胞LACTB的表达,进一步将HF组分为对照组（仅予以转染试剂处理）、Scra siRNA组（予以转染试剂+非特异阴性siRNA处理）及LACTB siRNA组（予以转染试剂+ LACTB特异性siRNA处理）。为探讨LACTB在高脂诱导的心肌细胞损伤中可能的作用机制,将LACTB siRNA组分为Vehicle组、N-乙酰半胱氨酸（ NAC）组。通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,qRT-PCR及Western blot分别检测细胞LACTB mRNA及蛋白表达,DHE染色及ELISA试剂盒检测细胞内活性氧簇（ROS）含量。结果 高脂可增加心肌细胞的凋亡,增加心肌细胞中LACTB的表达,促进ROS生成（均P＜0.05）。与对照组及Scra siRNA组比较,LACTB siRNA组心肌细胞凋亡与ROS生成进一步增加（P＜0.05）;与此相反,在此基础上使用抗氧化剂NAC部分逆转了心肌细胞凋亡（P＜0.05）。结论 LACTB通过抑制氧化应激反应可缓解高脂诱导的小鼠心肌细胞凋亡。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者再灌注治疗预后的影响因素

【摘要】 目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者再灌注治疗预后的影响因素。方法 选取2012年1月～2015年1月于我院行再灌注治疗的126例STEMI患者作为研究对象,采用回顾性分析所有患者的临床及随访资料,根据其资料结果记录所有患者的性别、年龄、疾病史等一般临床资料,疾病情况、血红蛋白等相关临床指标水平以及再灌注治疗后的预后效果,并比较不同预后效果患者间上述资料的差异性。分析影响再灌注治疗STEMI患者预后的因素。结果 126例STEMI患者经再灌注治疗后预后好106例(8413%),预后差20例(1587%); 年龄≥60岁的STEMI患者其女性和糖尿病比例以及心功能killip分级较高,而吸烟和饮酒患者较少,血红蛋白水平较低,预后较差（P＜005）;中、重度贫血患者其女性、吸烟、糖尿病比例和年龄及心功能能killip分级均高于非贫血和轻度贫血者,且前两者预后更差比较差异间均具有统计学意义（P＜005）;既往存在糖尿病病史,有吸烟、喝酒习惯,心功能killip分级过高、血脂异常以及年龄≥60岁和中、重度贫血的STEMI患者经再灌注治疗后其预后较差（P＜005）;经非条件多因素Lgistic回归模型分析显示,killip分级过高、血脂异常以及年龄≥60岁和中、重度贫血是影响STEMI再灌注治疗预后效果的独立危险因素（P＜005）。结论 STEMI患者经再灌注治疗后的预后效果尚可,年龄≥60岁和中、重度贫血等均为影响STEMI再灌注治疗预后效果的独立危险因素,可将其联合作为临床上评估STEMI患者经再灌注治疗预后效果的有效指标。     

补阳还五汤联合针刺疗法对不完全脊髓损伤后运动障碍患者的疗效

【摘要】 目的 探讨分析补阳还五汤联合针刺疗法对不完全脊髓损伤后运动障碍患者的疗效。方法 选取2015年10月~2017年12月于我院治疗的不完全脊髓损伤患者74例,随机分为随机组和对照组两组。对照组采用常规药物进行治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上采用补阳还五汤联合针刺疗法治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果,观察记录两组患者的ADL评分、各项功能评分差值及步行能力评分、疼痛评分（VAS）等指标。结果 研究组的临床疗效显著优于对照组(P＜005);与治疗前相比,两组患者各项功能评分差值及步行能力评分明显升高(P＜005),且研究组步行能力等各项指标均显著高于对照组(P＜005);研究组疼痛评分（ADL）显著高于对照组(P＜005);研究组治疗后 VAS评分明显低于对照组( P＜005)。结论 在不完全脊髓损伤后运动障碍治疗过程当中,补阳还五汤联合针刺疗法的治疗效果理想,可在临床推广应用。     

Phacoemulsification in eyes with corneal opacities after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty

To evaluate the maneuverability and efficacy of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with corneal opacities after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), twelve eyes of 12 patients with mild to moderate corneal opacities after DALK and coexisting cataracts were analyzed retrospectively. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation assisted with anterior capsule staining, as well as non-invasive optical fiber illumination, were performed on all eyes. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. Mean corrected distance visual acuity (logMAR) improved from 1.24±0.17 to 0.73±0.22. Post-phaco intraocular pressure was maintained between 13 to 20 mm Hg in all cases throughout the follow-up period. Mean endothelial cell density decreased from 2258.42±205.94 to 1906.25±174.23 cells/mm2. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation are safe and valid in eyes with mild to moderate corneal opacities after DALK and coexisting cataracts when assisted with anterior capsule staining and non-invasive optical fiber illumination.     

高胰岛素血症伴高氨血症综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨GLUD1基因变异所致高胰岛素血症伴高氨血症综合征临床表现和致病基因特点。方法回顾分析1例高胰岛素血症伴高氨血症综合征患儿的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果女性患儿,1岁9个月起病,反复出现血糖偏低2年余,并惊厥发作3次,给予升血糖、止惊对症处理后可缓解;伴血胰岛素、血氨水平升高,诊断为高胰岛素血症伴高氨血症综合征。高通量测序发现患儿GLUD1基因存在错义变异c.965GA,p.Arg322His(杂合),其父母该位点均为正常基因型,为新生突变。结论基因检测有助于明确高胰岛素血症伴高氨血症综合征诊断。     

Diagnóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito diagnosticados por cribado neonatal

The screening program of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is probably one of the best achievements in paediatrics. Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development and brain maturation that continue through the neonatal period. Hypothyroidism that begins in the first months of life causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system, and is one of the most frequent and preventable causes of mental retardation. As children with congenital hypothyroidism are born with a normal appearance, analytical studies are required to immediately start the appropriate therapy.This article analyses the aims, diagnostic procedures, tests required, aetiology, and differential diagnosis in this disorder. Especially relevant is to perform frequent monitoring to ensure dose adjustments of L-Thyroxine therapy, avoiding infra- or supra-dosing that negatively affects neurosensory functions. Re-evaluation of the aetiology permanent vs transient hypothyroidism is always recommended after 3 years of chronological age.The relevance of this screening program should be widely discussed in paediatrics. The main objective is to avoid cerebral damage in these patients, and has been highly successful and economically beneficial.Other aspects are required to optimise patient outcomes, to perform all the controls according to the recommendations and to include, in the near future, the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism. Implementation of this program is necessary to progress in accordance with current scientific knowledge.