A Truly Knotted Cord

Summary: A case of 4 true knots in an umbilical cord, which did not cause any detectable harm, is presented. Careful examination of the placenta, membranes and umbilical cord continues to be encouraged.     

Ultrasound and neonatal hip screening. A prospective study of 'high risk' babies

We describe a simple, quick ultrasound screening test for CDH, and its use in a prospective study of babies with a 'high risk' factor, over one year from January 1987. From a birth population of 3,879, 812 hip scans were performed on 406 babies and 98 babies were abnormal. So far, there have been no late cases of CDH. Family history, breech malposition, and postural foot deformities were confirmed to be important risk factors, but babies with a simple click were equally at risk. Our early results indicate that a large proportion of the potential late cases are contained within our extended high-risk group.     

Renal function during onset of carbachol-induced hypertension in conscious rats

This study evaluated the changes in renal function that occur during the early phases of chronic infusion of carbachol into the lateral ventricle in conscious rats. Infusion of 1.0 micrograms/h of carbachol i.c.v. resulted in a prompt pressor response with mean arterial pressure rising 20 mm Hg within 15 min. The pressure remained elevated for the duration of a 2-hour infusion. Carbachol infusion at 0.5 micrograms/h induced a similar elevation in blood pressure, but the onset was delayed, reaching significance only after 30-60 min. The higher dose of carbachol was associated with a marked and sustained natriuresis, with sodium excretion increasing from 2.1 +/- 0.3 to 5.3 +/- 1.0 microEq/100 g min after 2 h, compared to 2.0 +/- 0.5 and 1.8 +/- 0.3 microEq/100 g min in vehicle-infused control animals. Sodium excretion did not change significantly in animals infused with carbachol at 0.5 microgram/h. There were no significant changes in glomerular filtration rate in any of the groups. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were not altered significantly by ventricular infusion of carbachol (188 +/- 99 before vs. 83 +/- 17 pg/ml after infusion). It is concluded that the pressor response to central carbachol infusion is not dependent on retention of sodium and water. The natriuresis observed with carbachol infusion can be dissociated from the pressor response, and is not mediated by ANP.