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991.
Elizabeth Jefferies Matthew A. Lambon Ralph Roy Jones David Bateman Karalyn Patterson 《Neurocase》2013,19(4):290-299
Abstract This study addressed the question of exactly which aspects of spelling-sound consistency influence accuracy of reading aloud in surface dyslexic patients with semantic dementia. Oral reading data were obtained from twelve patients on three sets of words that varied in regularity (defined according to grapheme-phoneme correspondences) and consistency (defined according to the pronunciation of word body neighbours). The patients were less accurate for irregular/inconsistent words, which they commonly pronounced in line with sound-spelling regularities, as expected in surface dyslexia. They produced plausible but incorrect responses for some regular as well as many irregular words, suggesting that their reading performance was influenced by sound-spelling relationships not captured by grapheme-phoneme correspondences. On a set of items that varied consistency and regularity independently, the patients showed a large effect of regularity and a smaller but significant effect of consistency in reading aloud. In addition, there was a correlation between degree of semantic impairment and level of reading accuracy for inconsistent items. These findings are discussed in terms of two influential models of reading: the dual-route-cascaded model (Coltheart et al., 2001) and the triangle model (Plaut et al., 1996). It is argued that the triangle model provides a more straightforward account of the relationship between word comprehension and consistency effects in reading. 相似文献
992.
Tatyana G. Jones Lisa J. Rapport Robin A. Hanks Peter A. Lichtenberg Kaja Telmet 《The Clinical neuropsychologist》2013,27(1):3-18
Prior research indicates that physical health and social support have substantial influences on subjective well-being among older adults. However, little research has examined the influences of coping style and cognitive functioning on subjective well-being among older adults. This study investigated cognitive and psychosocial predictors of subjective well-being among 129 adults, ages 65-89 years. Canonical correlation indicated that subjective well-being was characterized by two dimensions: life satisfaction and affective balance (happiness). The use of emotion-focused coping strategies and poor perceived health were associated with diminished perceptions of life satisfaction, whereas task-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping were positively related to happiness. Cognitive functioning was positively related to life satisfaction and pleasant emotions independent of education and income. 相似文献
993.
994.
Rodney D. Vanderploeg John A. Schinka Tatyana Jones Brent J. Small Amy Borenstein Graves James A. Mortimer 《The Clinical neuropsychologist》2013,27(3):318-324
The present study evaluates the effects of age, education, and gender in a representative sample of older adults and provides normative data for community-dwelling elderly. Age and gender had significant effects on HVLT-R performance. We provide age- and gender-adjusted normative data. Surprisingly, education level did not affect HVLT-R performance, indicating that education-adjusted norms are not necessary for this measure within this age range. We evaluated a subsample of subjects census-matched on age, education, and gender. These subjects did not differ in overall performance from our entire sample. Therefore, the normative data provided in this paper can be considered to be census-comparable for age, education, and gender. 相似文献
995.
Alvin Jones M. Victoria Ingram Yossef S. Ben-Porath 《The Clinical neuropsychologist》2013,27(5):790-815
This research examined associations between the full range of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) validity and substantive scales and increasing levels of cognitive symptom validity test (SVT) failure in a sample of 501 military members who completed a neuropsychological evaluation primarily for mild traumatic brain injury resulting from a closed head injury and blast exposure or heat injury. SVT failure was associated with significant linear increases in all of the over-reporting MMPI-2-RF validity scales and most of the substantive scales. For the validity scales, all over-reporting scales had large effect sizes (ESs) when comparing a group that failed no SVTs with a group that failed three SVTs. A comparison between these two groups for the substantive scales revealed the largest ESs for scales related to somatic/cognitive complaints and emotional dysfunction. RBS (Response Bias Scale) had the largest ES of all scales (d?=?1.69), followed by FBS-r (Symptom Validity Scale; d?=?1.34), AXY (Anxiety, d?=?1.21), and COG (Cognitive Complaints, d?=?1.19). The scales related to behavioral dysfunction had the smallest ESs of all of the substantive scales, and there were no significant associations between the vast majority of these scales and SVT failure. With respect to clinically significant elevations, those who did not fail SVTs had clinically significant elevations only on COG and NUC (Neurological Complaints), and MLS (Malaise) approached clinical significance. For those who failed SVTs, RBS was the only over-reporting scale that was elevated across all failure groups. Those who failed any SVT had clinically significant elevations on COG, MLS, NUC, and AXY. Those who failed three SVTs had additional elevations on scales related to emotional dysfunction. 相似文献
996.
Alexandra P Key Dorita Jones Elisabeth M Dykens 《Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders》2013,5(1):7
Background
People with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) demonstrate social dysfunction and increased risk of autism spectrum disorder, especially those with the maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) versus paternal deletion genetic subtype. This study compared the neural processing of social (faces) and nonsocial stimuli, varying in emotional valence, across genetic subtypes in 24 adolescents and adults with PWS.Methods
Upright and inverted faces, and nonsocial objects with positive and negative emotional valence were presented to participants with PWS in an oddball paradigm with smiling faces serving as targets. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were recorded.Results
There were no genetic subtype group differences in accuracy, and all participants performed above chance level. ERP responses revealed genetic subtype differences in face versus object processing. In those with deletions, the face-specific posterior N170 response varied in size for face stimuli versus inverted faces versus nonsocial objects. Persons with mUPD generated N170 of smaller amplitude and showed no stimulus differentiation. Brain responses to emotional content did not vary by subtype. All participants elicited larger posterior and anterior late positive potential responses to positive objects than to negative objects. Emotion-related differences in response to faces were limited to inverted faces only in the form of larger anterior late positive potential amplitudes to negative emotions over the right hemisphere. Detection of the target smiling faces was evident in the increased amplitude of the frontal and central P3 responses but only for inverted smiling faces.Conclusion
Persons with the mUPD subtype of PWS may show atypical face versus object processes, yet both subtypes demonstrated potentially altered processing, attention to and/or recognition of faces and their expressions. 相似文献997.
998.
Joint attention in autism: Teaching smiling coordinated with gaze to respond to joint attention bids
Children with autism demonstrate early deficits in joint attention and expressions of affect. Interventions to teach joint attention have addressed gaze behavior, gestures, and vocalizations, but have not specifically taught an expression of positive affect such as smiling that tends to occur during joint attention interactions. Intervention was applied to teach smile and gaze shift with eye contact to respond to others’ joint attention instructions. All targeted responses increased during intervention, with generalized performance as well as maintenance of performance during follow-up. Related measures of joint attention and characteristics of autism showed overall improvements from pre- to post-intervention. 相似文献
999.
Erika L. Barthelmess Cara N. Love Kenneth L. Jones Stacey L. Lance 《Conservation Genetics Resources》2013,5(4):925-927
We isolated and characterized a total of 19 microsatellite loci from the North American porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum. Loci were screened in 22 individuals from St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties in northern New York State. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 14, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.316 to 1.000, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.028 to 0.243. These new loci will provide tools for examination of the effects of habitat fragmentation, for instance by roads and other infrastructure, on gene flow and population subdivision in this species. 相似文献
1000.
Evan W. Carson Rochelle R. Beasley Kenneth L. Jones Stacey L. Lance Ma de Lourdes Lozano-Vilano Lilia Vela-Valladares Iris Banda-Villanueva Thomas F. Turner Mauricio De la Maza-Benignos 《Conservation Genetics Resources》2013,5(3):853-856
We developed microsatellite loci for the Julimes pupfish, Cyprinodon julimes. Twenty-five loci were screened across 19 individuals from Julimes Spring, Chihuahua, Mexico. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 14, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.105 to 0.947, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.022 to 0.588. We then tested for cross-amplification in the bighead pupfish, C. pachycephalus; twenty-three individuals from San Diego de Alcalá, Chihuahua, Mexico, were screened across the 20 loci that amplified cleanly. These new loci will be used for long-term genetic monitoring of these critically endangered species. 相似文献