癫痫患儿生活质量及其影响因素的研究

目的用新的生活质量量表研究癫痫患儿的生活质量并探讨其影响因素.方法用量表对71例符合标准的癫痫患儿的生活质量进行评估.结果癫痫患儿的生活质量明显低下,总评得分为63.13±18.89.发作频率、发作担忧及抑郁情绪与患儿生活质量呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.42、-0.25和-0.45,而记忆功能与患儿生活质量呈正相关,相关系数为0.84.结论癫痫患儿的生活质量明显低下,对癫痫患儿进行药物治疗并辅以心理治疗、健康教育,能提高癫痫患儿的生活质量.     

二手医疗器械监督管理现状及其对策

随着我国医疗水平的逐渐提高,大型医疗设备的添置已成为医疗机构面临的重要问题,三级甲等医院作为我国先进的诊疗水平单位,依靠雄厚的资金实力,把添置大型医疗设备的目光瞄向进口产品,而一些县级二甲医院和一级乡镇医院由于资金实力不足,通常采取购买和租赁二手医疗设备的办法,作为添置医疗设备的一种途径.     

Chronic orchialgia: Consider gabapentin or nortriptyline before considering surgery

OBJECTIVE: To establish if there is a role for gabapentin or nortriptyline in the treatment of chronic orchialgia. METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive patients with chronic orchialgia were seen in the chronic pain clinic by a multidisciplinary team. A pain questionnaire was completed prior to commencing either gabapentin or nortriptyline. They were reviewed at 3 months and a repeat questionnaire completed. A 50% improvement in pain was considered successful. RESULTS: Complete data was available for 19 patients. Overall, 61.5% of patients commenced on gabapentin and 66.6% of patients commenced on nortriptyline had a greater than 50% improvement in pain. Patients with post-vasectomy testicular pain were considered as a subgroup. None of these patients had a greater than 50% improvement in pain. However, 80% of patients in the subgroup with idiopathic chronic orchialgia had a greater than 50% improvement in pain. CONCLUSION: Although this is a small study, it appears that gabapentin and nortriptyline are effective in the treatment of idiopathic chronic orchialgia but not post-vasectomy pain.     

小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的临床特征、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析12例小脑后下动脉瘤的临床表现、影像学特征、手术效果及诊治过程中存在的相关问题。结果12例中有11例因动脉瘤破裂出血而发病,单纯第四脑室出血4例,全脑室系统出血2例,小脑半球出血3例,小脑蚓部伴第四脑室出血1例,侧脑室伴第三脑室出血1例,以后颅窝占位病变表现1例。8例术前行DSA检查明确诊断,4例术中明确诊断。12例均行后颅窝开颅显微手术治疗,其中动脉瘤颈夹闭9例,孤立切除2例,动脉瘤加固术1例,术后2例因脑积水加重行脑室-腹腔分流术。12例中除1例术后留有轻偏瘫外,其余11例恢复良好。结论小脑后下动脉瘤多以第四脑室出血发病,少数以小脑半球或蚓部出血发病,及早治疗效果满意。手术方式应尽量夹闭动脉瘤颈,对于小脑后下动脉末端动脉瘤,可以采用孤立切除术。     

颈静脉球瘤的MR诊断

目的探讨MR检查在颈静脉球瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法对15例病变进行回顾性分析,重点分析其部位、信号及其侵袭性表现等情况。结果15例患者中,右侧病变8个(8/15),左侧7个(7/15);肿瘤形态为类圆形或不规则形,12例较大病变不同程度侵犯颈静脉孔区、乳突、岩骨、岩尖、斜坡等处骨质;肿瘤信号欠均匀,12个(12/15)肿块在MR平扫出现“盐和胡椒征”,以“胡椒”表现最为显著;13个肿块(13/13)均有明显强化,其中10个肿块出现“盐和胡椒征”。9例行MRA检查,颈内动脉和颈内静脉不同程度移位和包绕。结论根据肿瘤的部位、“盐和胡椒征”等MR表现,可在手术前正确诊断颈静脉球瘤。     

有机锗对环磷酸胺抗移植肝癌作用的影响

用有机锗（Ge－132）试验治疗荷移植肝癌小鼠。结果：De－132高剂量（12．5mg/次）治疗组的抑癌率为用31．0％，移植肝癌白细胞（WBC）浸润（＋＋＋）占72．7％、血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性为121Nu／ml，而生理盐水对照治疗组相应的后两项指标分别为用36．4％及81Nu／ml，两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；环磷酰胺（CTX）治疗组的抑癌率为37.0％，癌体WBC浸润（＋＋＋）为27.3％，血清SOD活性为102Nu／ml；ge-132高剂量与CTX2联合治疗组的抑癌率为45．0％，癌体WBC浸润（＋＋＋）为54．5％，血清SOD活性为142Nu/ml，两组比较，后二项指标有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。由此提示Ge-132高剂量能明显增强荷移植肝癌小鼠的细胞免疫及血清SOD活性，并有一定的抗移植肝癌作用。     

Localised endosteal bone lysis in relation to the femoral components of cemented total hip arthroplasties

Four cases are described of localised endosteal bone lysis in the femur occurring in association with cemented femoral components that were not obviously 'loose' radiologically. In each, the area of lysis was shown at operation to be related directly to a region in which there was a local defect in the cement mantle surrounding the stem. Via the space between the stem and cement, such defects provide a route through which the contents of the joint cavity may reach the endosteal surface of the femur, subsequently leading to localised bone lysis, and later to frank loosening.     

关附甲素对豚鼠乳头肌动作电位最大除极速度的频率依赖性抑制作用

应用标准微电极技术，研究了关附甲素对豚鼠右心室乳头肌动作电位最大除极速率(V_max)的频率依赖性抑制作用(RDB)，并与美西律，奎尼丁，劳卡尼进行了比较. 在相同刺激间隔(300 ms)，产生50%左右RDB的药物浓度下，美西律的RDB开始最快，其第2个V_max所产生的抑制已占RDB的64%，奎尼丁，劳卡尼和关附甲素的RDB开始速率常数分别为每个动作电位0.165, 0.076和0.136. 美西律，奎尼丁，劳卡尼和关附甲素产生RDB的恢复时间常数分别为1.4, 9.0, 18.2和44.0 s，而且它们的恢复时间常数是不依赖于药物浓度而变化的，结果提示，关附甲素是一个慢动力学钠通道阻滞剂.     

高渗盐液和抗休克裤合并应用对大鼠早期休克的影响

采用高渗盐液，抗休克裤及两者联用纠正大鼠早期失血性休克。结果显示，单独使用ＡＳＴ，仅见动脉血压短时间回升，而单用ＨＴＳ，血压则明显回升。若先用ＡＳＴ，再注入ＨＴＳ，也能取得明显效果。失血休克大鼠血浆纤维连接蛋白水平显著降低，各组之间均无差异血浆脂质过氧化物－丙二醛的含量明显增加，且在ＨＴＳ组，ＨＴＳ＋ＡＳＴ组与ＮＳ对照组之间有显著差异。     

五味子酚对大鼠嗜中性白细胞功能与形态的作用(英文)

目的:探讨五味子酚(Sal)对大鼠嗜中性白细胞(Neu)功能的调节作用.结果:Sal 1,10,100μmol·L~(-1)剂量依赖性抑制Neu功能,Sal 100μmol·L~(-1)使Neu表面伪足和皱褶消失,并可降低细胞内钙离子浓度、升高细胞内cAMP水平.结论:Sal可通过影响细胞内钙离子浓度、cAMP水平及细胞表面形态抑制Neu的功能.