Rationale,design, and protocol for the prevention of low back pain in the military (POLM) trial (NCT00373009)

Background  

There are few effective strategies reported for the primary prevention of low back pain (LBP). Core stabilization exercises targeting the deep abdominal and trunk musculature and psychosocial education programs addressing patient beliefs and coping styles represent the current best evidence for secondary prevention of low back pain. However, these programs have not been widely tested to determine if they are effective at preventing the primary onset and/or severity of LBP. The purpose of this cluster randomized clinical trial is to determine if a combined core stabilization exercise and education program is effective in preventing the onset and/or severity of LBP. The effect of the combined program will be compared to three other standard programs.     

Further evidence of preserved memory function in Alzheimer's disease

Memory performance of elderly patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (DAT) was compared with that of elderly control subjects. In explicit tests of recognition memory, which involve conscious recollection, the DAT patients were grossly impaired. In implicit tests of anagram solution and wordstem completion, which do not require conscious recollection, the DAT patients were not impaired. These findings further support the idea that a separate memory system, episodic memory, underlies conscious recollection, that it is this system which is most commonly damaged in amnesia, and that memory systems not involving conscious recollection may be spared in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.     

Hypernephroma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I: a case report

We report a case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I and hypernephroma. Parathyroid hyperplasia, adrenocortical hyperplasia, a nodular goiter, multiple lipomas, a chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary and hypernephroma had all been diagnosed previously. All but the last are features consistent with the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (Wermer's syndrome). The association of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I and hypernephroma may represent a new manifestation of this pleiotropic syndrome.     

New indole alkaloid glycosides from Nauclea orientalis

Two new indole alkaloid glycosides, 10-hydroxystrictosamide and 6'-O-acetylstrictosamide, as well as the known alkaloids strictosamide and vincosamide were isolated from the leaves of Nauclea orientalis L. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy.     

Development of HPLC plasma assays for CAM 4515 and CAM 4750, two new nonpeptide tachykinin antagonists, and application to bioavailability studies

CAM 4515 and CAM 4750 are new nonpeptide tachykinin NK₁ receptor antagonists with different lipophilicities. Two separate, simple, and sensitive HPLC methods for the quantitation of these two compounds in plasma and the evaluation of their oral bioavailability in rats were developed and validated. Extraction of CAM 4515 from plasma involved protein precipitation with acetonitrile, while that for CAM 4750 involved a one-step liquid-liquid extraction with methylene chloride. The analytes in extracts were chromatographed on a C18 column using two different separation buffers, 47% 0.02 M sodium citrate (pH 3.5)-53% acetonitrile for CAM 4515 and 59% 0.02 M potassium phosphate dibasic (pH 7.0)-41% acetonitrile for CAM 4750, and both compounds were detected by fluorescence (excitation 278 nm; emission 342 nm). Stability profiles of both drugs at −20°C or room temperature in plasma and in reconstituted buffers were good. The limit of quantitation for both drugs was 5 ng ml⁻¹ with good linearity from 5 to 1000 ng ml⁻¹ using 100–200 μl of plasma. Excellent precision (relative standard deviation < 8.3%) and accuracy (relative error ± 9.2%) were observed for both CAM 4515 and CAM 4750. Oral bioavailability studies were conducted for each compound in rats receiving a p.o. dose of 20 mg kg⁻¹ and an i.v. dose of 5 mg kg⁻¹. The absolute oral bioavailability of CAM 4750 (80%) was estimated to be 40-fold greater than that of CAM 4515 (2%). The experimental results suggest that incorporation of a pyridine group into the structural backbone may greatly improve bioavailability.     

Intrafamilial variation of the phenotype in Bardet-Biedl syndrome

AIMS—To describe the variation of the phenotype within families with several individuals with Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
METHODS—The phenotypes of affected siblings in 11 Scandinavian families were compared with two or more members who had at least three of the features: retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, obesity, hypogenitalism, and mental retardation. Individuals without retinal dystrophy were excluded.
RESULTS—Intrafamilial variation of expressivity of the features obesity, polydactyly, abnormal radiograms of the extremities, hypogenitalism, short stature, paraplegia, and dental abnormalities was found. The retinal dystrophy varied with respect to both the onset of symptoms and the course of the disease. The morphology of the fundus, however, was consistent within the families. The disorder showed statistically significant genetic linkage to the BBS4 locus on chromosome 15 in the affected siblings in two of the families, but the clinical features in these patients did not differ from the other cases of Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
CONCLUSION—Comparison of siblings with the Bardet-Biedl syndrome showed variation of the typical features. In addition, the course of retinal dystrophy varied. No distinctive clinical features were found to separate the BBS4 phenotype from the remaining patients.

     

8-OH-DPAT and buspirone analogs inhibit the ketanserin-sensitive quipazine-induced head shake response in rats

Behavioral syndromes mediated by serotonergic mechanisms may reflect interactions between distinct effects initiated by specific 5-HT receptors, such as the 5-HT1A and the 5-HT2 receptor. This hypothesis was tested by examining the effect of various 5-HT1A agonists on the 5-HT2 receptor-mediated quipazine-induced head shake response in rats. Subcutaneous administration of 8-OH-DPAT, buspirone, gepirone, and ipsapirone produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the ketanserin-sensitive quipazine-induced head shake response. These effects were produced by doses of agonists which did not induce reciprocal forepaw treading. Furthermore, pretreatment with a partial 5-HT1A agonist (+/-)pindolol blocked the inhibitory effects of 8-OH-DPAT to the level of inhibition produced by (+/-)pindolol itself. These results suggest that stimulation of central 5-HT1A receptors can modulate the expression of a central 5-HT2 receptor-mediated behavior.