Locked intramedullary nailing for complex non-union of the tibia

Ten patients with complex non-union of the tibia were treated by locked intramedullary nailing. These patients had scarred skin as a result of initial severe open fractures, multiple debridement or fasciotomies with external fixators and skin grafts applied. Seven of the patients also had previous osteomyelitis or pin track infections. Fully pain-free walking was achieved in all patients and radiological union in nine patients without the need for a bone graft. Four patients developed infection after nailing, of which three resolved with treatment.     

Comparison of CT-guided sclerotherapy with using 95% ethanol and 20% hypertonic saline for managing simple renal cyst.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to compare the efficacies of 95% ethanol and 20% hypertonic saline (HS) sclerotherapies that were performed in a single session under CT guidance for the management of simple renal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective series of 74 consecutive patients (average age: 57.6 +/- 8.1 years) with simple renal cysts were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into two groups and 95% ethanol or 20% HS, respectively, corresponding to 25% of the aspiration volume, was injected. Treatment success was determined six months later with follow-up clinical evaluation and performing ultrasonography. RESULTS: The sclerotherapy was accepted as technically successful without major complications in all except two patients who were excluded because of a communication between the simple renal cyst and the pelvicalyceal collecting system. Thirty-six patients in the ethanol group received sclerotherapy with 95% ethanol and 36 patients in the HS group underwent sclerotherapy with 20% HS. The complete regression ratio of the ethanol group was significantly higher (94% versus 72%, respectively) than that of the HS group. There was one patient with partial regression in each group. The failure ratio of the ethanol group was significantly lower (3% versus 25%, respectively) than that of the HS group. CONCLUSION: Ethanol sclerotherapy under CT guidance is a successful and safe procedure and it can be used for the treatment of simple renal cysts. Sclerotherapy with 95% ethanol is more effective than 20% HS sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy with HS may be an option for patients preferring to undergo a less painful treatment procedure.     

Abdominal Stab Wounds in Children: an 18-Year Experience

Objective: Evaluation of the diagnosis, management, and the role of selective treatment in children with abdominal stab wounds. Patients and Methods: 59 children (56 male and three female) were included in the study. The patients' median age was 11.8 years (range, 5–14 years). Time between injury and admission was about 3 h. Laparotomy was performed in 44 patients (74%). Solid organ injury was detected in 32 of these patients (73%) and could not be observed in twelve (27%). 15 patients (26%) were treated conservatively, and only one (6.6%) underwent laparotomy during the follow-up. The stomach was the most frequently injured organ (ten patients), followed by the intestines (nine patients). Types of surgical treatment were as follows: primary suture in 28 patients, resection-anastomosis in three, and osteotomy in two. Results: Some prognostic factors such as presence of abdominal organ evisceration and pneumoperitoneum were not significantly correlated with intraabdominal organ injury, whereas some other risk factors such as acute abdomen on admission (p < 0.002) or abdominal clinical and hemodynamic findings (p < 0.001) showed significant correlation with intraabdominal organ injury. The relative risk (odds ratio) of developing an intraabdominal organ injury was > 2 for patients with signs of an acute abdomen on admission. Postoperative complications were observed in five patients with organ injuries. None of our patients died. Conclusions: Conservative treatment can be safely performed in most children with abdominal stab injuries. Signs of major internal hemorrhage or generalized peritonitis are an absolute indication for emergency operation for abdominal stab wounds. Peritoneal penetrations, free air on the abdominal X-ray, and omental or intestinal evisceration are poor indicators of significant organ injuries, and patients presenting these signs shold be closely followed up for developing acute abdominal symptoms. Received: November 2, 2001; revision accepted: February 15, 2002     

18F]-Dopa positron emission tomography imaging in early-stage, non-parkin juvenile parkinsonism.

There are few reports of positron emission tomography (PET) in juvenile parkinsonism (JP). We report on the results of (18)F-6-fluoro-L-dopa (FD) PET in a 14-year-old patient with JP of 5 years duration associated with atypical features. This is the youngest subject to be investigated to date. There was a severe asymmetric reduction in striatal FD uptake, with a rostrocaudal gradient in the putamen similar to that seen in adult-onset idiopathic parkinsonism. Extensive DNA analysis in this patient did not show mutations in the parkin gene.     

The use of autogenous costal cartilage graft in septorhinoplasty

INTRODUCTION: Reconstructive septorhinoplasty in complex nasal deformities often requires harvesting a large amount of tissue for grafting. Autogenous septal cartilage has generally been considered the gold standard grafting material. The aim of this paper was to report our experience with the use of costal cartilage grafts in cases with significant structural deformities and insufficient septal cartilage. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. PATIENTS: Between 1998 and 2006, 37 patients underwent septorhinoplasty using costal cartilage as the primary source for grafting. Twenty-two men and 14 women with a median age of 42 were enrolled in the study. Patient demographics, indications for surgery, and immediate and late complications were reviewed. The follow-up range was 3 to 72 months. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous costal cartilage graft is a viable option in reconstructive septorhinoplasty. We advocate the use of this graft in septorhinoplasty cases requiring a large volume of tissue and insufficient septal cartilage.     

Prenatal reserpine exposure in rats decreases caudate nucleus dopamine receptor binding in female offspring

The effects of prenatal exposure to reserpine on [3H]spiroperidol binding in caudate nucleus at postnatal day (PND) 21 were investigated. Pregnant rats were dosed with 0, 0.375 or 0.750 mg/kg/day reserpine s.c. on days 12-15 of gestation. At PND 21, pups were killed and their brains were dissected and stored at -70 degrees C for analysis. Dopamine receptor binding was measured in membrane prepared from caudate nucleus of both sexes over a [3H]spiroperidol concentration range of 0.02 to 2.0 nM. Scatchard analysis revealed that the number of dopamine receptors (Bmax) in the membrane of female caudate nucleus was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, while the dissociation constant (KD) was relatively unchanged. In male rats, neither Bmax nor KD was significantly reduced in either dose group. These results show that prenatal exposure to reserpine decreased the dopamine receptor number in caudate nucleus in a sex-dependent manner. This alteration may underly several sex-related behavioral changes that were previously found in offspring from identically treated dams.     

Laboratory and field efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus against Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Two wettable powders (Bactimos and Vectobac) and one flowable concentrate (Teknar) of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) and primary powders of Bacillus sphaericus isolates 1593 and 2362 were evaluated (laboratory) against field-collected larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Bactimos, Vectobac and a Corn-cob B.t.i. formulation (ABG-6138G) were field tested against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. gambiae s.l. The isolates of B. sphaericus were also tested against An. gambiae s.l. in artificial ponds. Both wettable powders of B.t.i. showed superior activity than the flowable concentrate formulation against An. gambiae s.l. in the laboratory. Culex quinquefasciatus was more susceptible (3-4X) to B.t.i. (Bactimos) than An. gambiae s.l. The isolates of B. sphaericus were more effective (2-3X) against both mosquito species than Bactimos. In a ditch and two channels, Bactimos, Vectobac and ABG-6138G at 0.65, 1.5 and 5.6 kg/ha, respectively, gave 91-100% control of Cx. quinquefasciatus within 3 days of treatment. The same formulations at rates ranging from 0.25 to 5.6 kg/ha, produced 82-97% control of An. gambiae s.l. in rainwater pools 24 h after treatment. Isolates 1593 and 2362 at 0.12 and 0.24 kg/ha gave excellent control of An. gambiae s.l. in artificial ponds.     

Incidence of the retroaortic left renal vein in patients with varicocele.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of the retroaortic left renal vein (RLRV) in patients with varicocele. METHODS: The left renal vein was ultrasonographically investigated for the presence of the RLRV in 140 patients with varicocele and a control group of 137 age-matched patients. The main diagnostic criteria for varicocele were the presence of a varicose vein with a diameter of 3 mm or larger at rest and with a reflux lasting more than 2 seconds during the Valsalva maneuver. The RLRV was defined as a posterior course of the left renal vein to the aorta at the level of the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. RESULTS: The RLRV was observed in 13 (9.3%) of the 140 patients with varicocele and 3 (2.2%) of the control patients. The incidence of the RLRV was found to be significantly higher in patients with varicocele compared with the control patients (P = .018, Fisher exact test). In 13 patients with the RLRV, left varicocele and bilateral varicocele were detected in 10 and 3 cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the incidence of the RLRV was found to be significantly higher in patients with varicocele compared with control patients. Thus, we suggest that the presence of the RLRV may be considered one of the etiologic factors in the development of varicocele.