二尖瓣脱垂的外科治疗

报道５７例二尖瓣脱垂（ＭＶＰ０不同术式的外科治疗效果。手术随机分为３组;传统的二尖瓣成形组,Ｇｏｒｅ－Ｔｅｘ线人工腱索替换组和瓣膜置换组。结果显示,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后每搏二尖瓣返流量明显少于Ⅰ组。各组术后长期随访机能状况均明显改善。ＭＶＰ的外科治疗应首选二尖瓣成形;而Ｇｏｒｅ－Ｔｅｘ线人工腱索替换和人造瓣环盛开有方法安全可靠,其效果优于传统的腱索成形,并可避免瓣膜置换术后长期抗凝的并发症。     

原发性高血压肝阳上亢证,肝肾阴虚证患者动态血压分析

对６２例原发性高血压肝阳上亢证、肝肾阴虚证病人正常活动状态下２４ｈ血压进行动态监测,分析两证型的血压变化规律。结果显示肝阳上亢证组血压呈昼高夜低、肝肾阴虚证组血压呈昼低夜高的规律性变化,表明２４ｈ动态血压监测值可作为原发必高血压辨证分型的客观指标之一。     

A simple test of the vicarious trial-and-error hypothesis of hippocampal function.

Vicarious trial-and-error (VTE) is a term that Muenzinger and Tolman used to describe the rat's conflict-like behavior before responding to choice. Recently, VTE was proposed as a mechanism alternative to the concept of "cognitive map" in accounts of hippocampal function. That is, many phenomena of impaired learning and memory related to hippocampal interventions may be explained by behavioral first principles: reduced conflicting, incipient, pre-choice tendencies to approach and avoid. The nonspatial black-white discrimination learning and VTE behavior of the rat were investigated. Hippocampal-lesioned and sham-lesioned animals were trained for 25 days (20 trials per day) starting at 60 days of age. Each movement of the head from one discriminative stimulus to the other was counted as a VTE instance. Lesioned rats had fewer VTEs than sham controls, and the former learned much more slowly or never learned. After learning, VTE frequency declined. Male and female rats showed no significant differences in VTE behavior or discrimination learning.     

Human papillomaviruses and papillomatosis lesions of the female lower genital tract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are involved in the development of papillomatosis lesions of the lower female genital tract.Methods: A total of 616 biopsy specimens of genital papillomatous lesions (307 nodular and 309 papular types) from 598 patients were anaylyzed for the presence of HPV DNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These specimens were also examined by histopathological assessment for characteristic HPV-associated cytological changes, by immunohistochemical staining for HPV-associated antigen, and by electron microscopy for the presence of virions.Results: HPV DNA sequences were found in 97.9% (140 of 143 cases) and 1.1% (1 of 91 cases) of the nodular and papular papillomatosis cases tested, respectively. In 18 patients who had both types of papillomatosis lesions, HPV DNA was invariably found only in nodular tissues. HPV-associated antigen, koilocytosis, and virions were found in 53.6% (98 of 183 cases), 70.5% (129 of 183 cases), and 5.9% (5 of 85 cases) of nodular papillomatosis lesions tested, respectively.Conclusions: These data suggest that nodular papillomatosis was closely associated with HPV infection, but that papular papillomatosis of the lower female genital tract may have an etiology other than HPV infection.     

深圳市一孩先天性残疾家庭的二孩同类病研究

本文对深圳市1990～1997年因独生子女先天残疾通过病残儿鉴定再生育二孩的家庭进行调查,并以同期通过鉴定的后天性残疾家庭为内对照,以农村地区一孩先天残疾未经病残儿鉴定生育二孩的家庭为外对照,了解其二孩先天残疾再发情况,尤其是同类病的再发情况,拟对独生子女病残儿医学鉴定和二胎生育指标的审批工作效果进行评价,为优生工作提供依据。研究结果表明,鉴定组一孩先天残疾家庭二孩先天残疾的患病率为5.81％,与广州市1986～1991年情况类似(5.9％),高于外省(辽宁1990～1992年为1.35％)。鉴定组二胎同类病发生率为2.8％,非鉴定组为4.55％,两组比较虽无统计学差异,但病种上却有不同,鉴定组为再发风险低的血友病、先天性共转性内斜视、脑萎缩,而非鉴定组为再发风险高的先天聋哑、进行性肌萎缩。提示病残儿鉴定工作颇有成效,避免了相当一部分遗传病家庭再次生育残疾儿,但某些环节有待进一步完善;对农村一胎先天残疾家庭生育二胎也必须纳入管理范围。     

胺碘酮抑制缺血浦肯野纤维起搏离子流

目的观察正常及模拟“缺血”时胺碘酮对绵羊心室浦肯野纤维起搏离子流（Ｉｆ）的影响。方法双微电极电压钳制术,使膜电位过度极化以激活Ｉｆ。结果胺碘酮１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ在正常台氏液中显著降低浦肯野纤维Ｉｆ幅值;模拟“缺血”也使Ｉｆ幅值降低,在此基础上,胺碘酮使Ｉｆ幅值进一步减小,加剧了“缺血”对Ｉｆ离子流的抑制作用。结论提示胺碘酮能抑制心肌缺血时心室正常自律性活动。     

Mutational analysis of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas.

AIM: To investigate whether PTEN/MMAC1 mutations play a role in the carcinogenesis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: A panel of 33 primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumour samples and 20 corresponding morphologically normal tissues was examined for mutations in all nine exons of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene by means of polymerase chain reaction single strand conformational polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) and direct DNA sequencing methods. RESULTS: Only one of 33 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas showed an aberrant SSCP band. Further sequencing analysis of this sample revealed an 802 -29 T-->C substitution in intron 7. PTEN/MMAC1 mutations were not found in the mutational "hot spot" in exon 5, even after direct sequencing of six oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples and three normal tissues. However, a deletion of one nucleotide T at position 492 +8 in intron 5 was seen in all samples. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PTEN/MMAC1 mutations do not play a major role in the carcinogenesis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.     

Development of inflammation after application of mustard oil or glutamate to the rat temporomandibular joint

Application of the small-fibre excitant and inflammatory irritant mustard oil or the excitatory amino-acid receptor agonist glutamate to the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region evokes similar changes in jaw-muscle activity, suggesting that peripheral application of glutamate may be nociceptive. Application of mustard oil to the TMJ region is also inflammatory, but, it is not clear if application of glutamate is equally inflammatory. In this study the extent of plasma-protein extravasation and oedema induced by mustard oil application to the TMJ region was compared with that induced by glutamate. Application of mustard oil resulted in plasma-protein extravasation into the TMJ tissues and oedema of the TMJ region. In contrast, glutamate did not cause plasma-protein extravasation or oedema.     

微量元素在化妆品中的应用

本文对七种常应用于化妆品中的微量元素的功能、作用机理、研究现状作了较为详细的讨论。     

过期妊娠104例临床分析

本文对104例过期妊娠与同期2571例足月妊娠的并发症及分娩方式进行了比较分析,结果表明:过期妊娠中头盆不称、胎位异常、胎儿宫内窘迫、巨大儿等发生率明显高于足月妊娠,且剖宫产率也较高,故认为适时终止妊娠对减少过期妊娠的发生至关重要。