Sonohysterographic evaluation of uterine abnormalities noted on hysterosalpingography

Transvaginal sonohysterography was performed on 40 consecutive patients with infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss and uterine abnormalities on hysterosalpingography. The findings were correlated with the hysterosalpingogram and subsequent diagnostic and/or operative hysteroscopy. Hysterosalpingography was incorrect in nine cases. Sonohysterography was more accurate than hysterosalpingography and provided more information about uterine abnormalities. Sonohysterography was in complete agreement with hysteroscopy. Diagnostic hysteroscopy can therefore be avoided if the sonohysterogram is normal. Sonohysterography also provides additional information on the relative proportion of the intracavitary and intramyometrial components of submucus myomas, as well as extracavitary myomas and the adnexae. This may help in planning the surgical procedure.      

Illness behaviour and antibiotic prescription in patients with respiratory tract symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Although the vast majority of respiratory tract symptoms are self-limiting, many patients visit their GP for these symptoms and antibiotics are over-prescribed. AIM: To explore determinants of patients visiting GPs for recent cough, sore throat, or earache; for being prescribed antibiotics; and for patients' satisfaction with visiting the GP. Design of the study: Second Dutch National Survey of General Practice (DNSGP-2) with a health interview and an additional questionnaire. SETTING: A total of 7057 adult patients of 163 GPs in the Netherlands. METHOD: Characteristics of patients and GPs as well as morbidity data were derived from the DNSGP-2 and a health interview. Characteristics of the symptoms, GPs' management and patients' satisfaction were measured by an additional written questionnaire. Data were analysed by means of multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: About 40% of the responders (n = 1083) reported cough, sore throat, or earache in the 2 weeks preceding the interview and, of them, 250 visited their GP. Of this latter group, 97 patients were prescribed antibiotics. Apart from non-medical reasons, relevant medical factors played an important role in deciding to visit the GP. Smokers and patients with cardiac disease or diabetes mellitus were not especially inclined to see their GP. Smoking behaviour, fever, and views on respiratory tract symptoms and antibiotics of patients and GPs were associated with being prescribed antibiotics. Patients' perception of having been carefully examined was associated with their satisfaction, while receiving antibiotics was not. CONCLUSION: GPs should inform patients with clear elevated risk when to visit their GP in cases of cough, sore throat, or earache. There is still a need for GPs and patients to be better informed about the limited significance of single inflammation signs (for example, fever and green phlegm) as an indication for antibiotics. Careful examination of the patient contributes to patient satisfaction.     

A study of the lateral pterygoid muscle: anatomic sections and CT appearances

Summary The authors have studied the relationship between anatomic and CT sections of the lateral pterygoid muscle in 39 anatomic specimens. Good superimposition of the images was found, which seems important in neoplastic invasion of the infratemporal fossa and which may lead to a pathogenic interpretation of the algo-dysfunctional syndrome of the masticatory apparatus.

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Etude anatomo-radiologique (TDM) du muscle ptérygoïdien latéral

Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié, sur 39 pièces anatomiques, la corrélation entre coupes anatomiques et tomodensitométriques (TDM) du muscle ptérygoïdien latéral. Il apparaît une bonne superposition des images ce qui semble intéressant dans les envahissements de la fosse infratemporale en carcinologie et qui pourrait déboucher sur une interprétation pathogénique du syndrome algo dysfonctionnel de l'appareil manducateur.

     

Association between asthma and an intragenic variant of CC16 on chromosome 11q13

The β subunit of high affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor (FcɛRIβ) and the Clara cell derived inflammatory molecule, CC16 have been cited as candidate genes for atopic asthma on chromosome 11q13. A genetic association study was performed with an intragenic microsatellite repeat of CC16 gene on chromosome 11q12–13 in relation to atopic and non-atopic asthma. Whereas variants of FcɛRIβ at chromosome 11q13 show association with atopy and asthma, no significant association was found between asthma and CC16 genotypes irrespective of atopic status. These data support the candidacy of FcɛRIβ rather than CC16 for the atopic asthma locus on chromosome 11q.     

Microsatellite instability and mutation analysis of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in patients with sporadic, familial and hereditary colorectal cancer

To date, at least four genes involved in DNA mismatch repair, hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1 and hPMS2, have been demonstrated to be altered in the germline of patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Additionally, defective mismatch repair is thought to account for the observation of microsatellite instability (MIN) in tumors from these patients. The genetic defect responsible for the MIN+ phenotype in sporadic colorectal cancer, however, has yet to be clearly delineated. In order to better understand the role of somatic and germline alterations within hMSH2 and hMLH1 in the process of colorectal tumorigenesis, we examined the entire coding regions of both of these genes in seven patients with MIN+ sporadic colorectal cancer, 19 patients with familial colorectal cancer, and 20 patients meeting the strict Amsterdam criteria for HNPCC. Thirteen germline, two somatic, and four neutral alterations were identified. The two somatic mutations occurred in patients having familial cancer, while the germline mutations were distributed among one sporadic (14%), three familial (16%), and nine HNPCC (45%) cases. All patients with identified mutations in the mismatch repair genes, whose tumors were available for analysis, demonstrated MIN. On the other hand, we could not identify mutations in the subset of clinically defined HNPCC patients with MIN negative tumors nor in the majority (6/7) of MIN+ sporadic tumors.      

Neuromusculature of the ovijector of ascaris suum (Ascaroidea, nematoda): an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study

This study used electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy interfaced with cytochemistry to study neuromuscular interrelationships in the ovijector of Ascaris suum. An extensive nerve plexus with both FaRPergic and non-FaRPergic components extends over the outer surface of the ovijector. The non-FaRPergic component is derived from nerve branches of the ventral nerve cord, whereas the FaRPergic component emanates from two large FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons. In the vagina vera, most myofibrils are circular in orientation and a number of them divide and run for short distances in longitudinal and diagonal directions, their myofilaments are also orientated in a variety of directions. Parallel nerve fibres run in tracts along the length of the vagina vera with branches that penetrate the muscle layers. The vagina uteri possesses a thicker hypodermis than that of the vagina vera. It appears rich in secretory and phagocytic vesicles and the luminal side is invested with an electron-dense substance. The musculature of the vagina uteri is less well developed than that of the vagina vera, being restricted to circular myofibrils, with an apparent diagonal arrangement of myofilaments. Also, the innervation is less extensive in the vagina uteri with many fibres returning to the vagina vera to rejoin the nerve net and others continuing into the uteri.     

贴耳穴治疗慢性鼻炎35例的疗效

０　引言　慢性鼻炎是一种常见的多发病．中医认为,人体卫气不固之时感受外邪而发病．由于四时气候变化不同及人体差异,而有夹寒、夹热、夹暑、夹湿之别,以风寒、风热为多见．肺合皮毛,开窍于鼻,病邪侵袭致使卫气闭郁,肺气不宜,而恶寒发热,鼻塞、流涕．如急性期不及时治疗、鼻塞加重,鼻分泌物增多．西医可诊断为,单纯性鼻炎,肥厚性鼻炎,慢性鼻窦炎等．目前,对慢性鼻炎治疗效果不佳．我科采用贴耳针治疗本病,取得了较满意效果．１　对象和方法１．１　对象　１９９２～１９９８我科收治慢性鼻炎患者３５例．均作者简介：孙　静…     

Mechanisms of orientation of the pelvifemoral base during static loading of the lumbar spine in weight-lifters

Summary Under static loading during weight-lifting, the lumbosacral spine essentially exhibits horizontalisation of the base of the sacrum (superior plateau of S1). We have attempted to elicit the mechanism of this horizontalisation by means of radiographs. These do not demonstrate any movements of the sacroiliac joints or plasticity of the hip bones. However, a symmetrical rotation of the hip joints conditions a retroversion of the pelvic girdle which explains the horizontalisation of the upper sacral plateau. This fixation of the block of the pelvic girdle is under muscular control, so that this mechanism can be improved by appropriate training.

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Mécanismes d'orientation du socle pelvi-fémoral au cours de la mise en charge statique du rachis lombaire chez l'haltérophile

Resumé Sous charge statique, chez l'haltérophile, le rachis lombosacré présente essentiellement une horizontalisation du plateau supérieur de S1. Par radiographies, nous avons tenté de déterminer le mécanisme de cette horizontalisation. Les mouvements au niveau de la sacro-iliaque et la plasticité des os coxaux ne peuvent pas être mis en évidence sur les radiographies. Par contre, une rotation symétrique des coxo-fémorales détermine une rétroversion de la ceinture pelvienne permettant d'expliquer l'horizontalisation du plateau sacré. Ce verrouillage du bloc de la ceinture pelvienne est sous la dépendance des muscles et en conséquence, ce mécanisme peut être amélioré par un entraînement approprié.