中国人胆固醇酯转运蛋白(CETP)基因的变异

CETP是反向胆固醇转运的重要载体。反向胆固醇转运是将胆固醇从周围组织向肝脏转运的过程。近来发现,CETP基因的变异影响这一过程,引起血脂水平的变化。CETP基因位于第16号染色体长臂上（16ql3）,全长25kb。AKITA等1994年首次报道了日本人中CETP基因变异的情况,突变的...     

Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease with diabetes in the Japanese population

Background:  The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of impaired cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in diabetic subjects from Japan.
Methods:  In the present study, 386 Japanese diabetic subjects aged more than 50 years were initially screened with the 'brief screening test' for AD, and were diagnosed with AD and vascular dementia (VaD) according to the criteria of the NINCDS-ADRDA and the NINDS-AIREN. We compared the prevalence of dementia in diabetic patients with that in ordinary subjects, and analyzed the association of the status of diabetes with dementia including AD and VaD.
Results:  Forty-six (11.9%) patients were diagnosed with dementia, including 13 (3.4%) patients with AD and nine (2.3%) patients with VaD. Of the 221 subjects aged more than 65 years, 39 (17.6%) patients had dementia, including 13 (5.9%) patients with AD and eight (3.6%) patients with VaD. Compared with ordinary subjects, the prevalence of dementia in the present study was more frequent than the prevalence of dementia for the general population in almost each age group examined. There was also a greater prevalence of AD and VaD in subjects aged over 65 years in the present study. In the present study, AD subjects had significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 247.5 ± 116.3 mg/dL; P  < 0.05) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c; 8.8 ± 1.9%; P  < 0.01) compared with non-demented subjects. In AD patients, the odds ratios of FPG and HbA1c were also significantly higher (1.02 and 2.07, respectively; both P  < 0.01).
Conclusion:  The present study shows that diabetes can be associated with impaired cognitive function, particularly AD, in Japanese subjects.     

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia involving HPA-5b (Bra): A rare Japanese Case

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is caused by platelet antigen incompatibility between the mother and fetus. The frequency of NAIT varies among ethnic groups. In Caucasians, HPA-5b (Br^a) is the antigen that is second most frequently implicated. In Japan, NAIT due to anti-HPA-5b antibody is quite rare. The present case is the second case of Br^a-NAIT in Japanese and the first case serologically confirmed by monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens.     

Chronic Toxicity Carcinogenicity Studies of Triethanolamine in B6C3F1 Mice

The chronic toxicity and carcinogenic potential of triethanolaminewas examined in B6C3F1 mice. Triethanolamine, dissolved in distilledwater at levels of 0 (control), 1, and 2%, was given to groupsof 50 males and 50 females ad libitum in drinking water for82 weeks. Neoplasms developed in all groups, including the controlgroup, but no dose-related increase of the incidence of anytumor was observed in treated groups of both sexes. There wereno adverse effects as regards survival of the mice, organ weights,and specific incidence of neoplasms in the treated, comparedto the control group. This chronic toxicity test provides noevidence of carcinogenic potential of triethanolamine in B6C3F1mice.     

Usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of recurrent renal cell carcinoma in contralateral kidney

We studied contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) for recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at the contralateral kidney during postoperative follow up of localized renal cell carcinoma. CEU successfully detected all recurring cases, despite the fact that 5/6 cases were observed using conventional ultrasound; the remaining one case was not detected using conventional ultrasound. CEU using Levovisto successfully revealed renal tumors as RCC. Lesions were diagnosed as cystic renal tumors by Bosniac classification, and pathological findings demonstrated RCC, in accordance with the prior tumor.     

Direct drug transport from the rat nasal cavity to the cerebrospinal fluid: the relation to the dissociation of the drug

Abstract— We aimed to clarify the relationship between drug dissociation (sulphisomidine) and its direct transport from the nasal cavity to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Rat nasal cavities were perfused in a single pass system with buffers (pH 5·5, 6·5, 7·4, 8·7 and 9·4). Plasma and CSF were collected and the concentration of sulphisomidine was measured. Nasal clearance increased with the increase in the un-ionized fraction of the drug. The ratio of the drug concentration in CSF to that in the nasal perfusion fluid (the index of the degree of the drug transport from the nasal cavity to CSF), was changed in accordance with the un-ionized fraction of drug. These results show that both the nasal absorption and the drug transport conform to the pH partition theory.     

Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Right Ventricular Dysplasia: Identification of Target Sites by Entrainment Mapping Techniques

Objective: To identify target sites for radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) by entrainment mapping techniques in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Methods: Entrainment mapping and radiofrequency ablation of eight VTs was performed in seven patients. Radiofrequency ablation was applied at 31 reentry circuits sites that were classified based on findings during entrainment. Results: By entrainment criteria the 31 sites were classified as: exit sites (n = 12), proximal sites (n = 6), and outer loop sites (n = 13). Radiofrequency current application terminated VT at 7 of 31 sites: 2 of 12 exit sites (17%), 4 of 6 proximal sites (67%), and 1 of 13 outer loop sites (8%). Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation terminated VTs most often at sites proximal to the exit as opposed to outer loop sites and exit sites (P = 0.05). The critical isthmus for ablation of VT in right ventricular dysplasia often may be distant to the exit.     

Two Cases of Hepatectomy for Leiomyosarcoma Metastasized to the Liver

The literature reports five major hepatic resections for metastaticleiomyo-sarcomas. Two cases of jejunal leiomyosarcoma metastasizedto the liver are now reported. In the first case a successfulright hepatic trisegmentectomy was performed, 2 yr after removalof the primary lesion. In the second case a right hepatic bisegmentectomywas performed one month after resection of the primary tumor.The patient survived 21 months.